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Pseudomalachite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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ⓘVirneberg Mine, Rheinbreitbach, Unkel, Neuwied, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Polymorph of:
Ludjibaite,Reichenbachite
Isostructural with:
Cornwallite
A secondary mineral found in oxidized zones of copper deposits.
The phosphate analogue ofCornwallite.
The monoclinic polymorph ofLudjibaite; a monoclinic variant polymorph ofReichenbachite. More common than both polymorphs.
Maybe be intergrown withLudjibaite andReichenbachite; in these cases, the pseudomalachite nearly always appears to be older and darker.


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Pseudomalachite

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
Dana 7th ed.:
41.4.3.1
Dana 8th ed.:
41.4.3.1

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.2.5

19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue-green, green, dark green, green-black; green to bluish green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Blue-green
Hardness:
4 - 4½ onMohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on the {010}.
Fracture:
Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
3.6 - 4.34 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.95 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pseudomalachite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v perceptible
Optical Extinction:
Z = b; X ∧ c = 21°–23°.

Chemistry of Pseudomalachite

Crystallography of PseudomalachiteWest Bogan mine, Tottenham, Australia 472
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.48 Å(100)
3.46 Å(50)
3.09 Å(40)
2.97 Å(40)
2.93 Å(30)
2.72 Å(30)
2.42 Å(60)
2.39 Å(80)
2.32 Å(50)
2.23 Å(50)
2.09 Å(30)
1.763 Å(40)
1.728 Å(50)
1.559 Å(40)
1.431 Å(30)
1.419 Å(30)
1.392 Å(40)
1.335 Å(30)
1.039 Å(30)
1.014 Å(30)
0.794 Å(30)
Comments:
Ehl and Rheinbreitbach, Germany. Data from Berry (1950).

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Technische Universität, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, T20591

Synonyms of Pseudomalachite

Other Language Names for Pseudomalachite

Relationship of Pseudomalachite to other Species

Common AssociatesTric.1 :P18.BD.05ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4Mon. 2/m8.BD.05CornwalliteCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4Mon. 2/m :P21/b8.BD.10GatehouseiteMn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4Orth. 222 :P2121218.BD.10ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)4Orth. 222 :P2121218.BD.15ParweliteMn10Sb2As2Si2O24Mon.m :Bb8.BD.20ReppiaiteMn2+5(VO4)2(OH)4Mon. 2/m :B2/m8.BD.25LudjibaiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4Tric.1 :P18.BD.30CornubiteCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4Tric.1 :P1

Fluorescence of Pseudomalachite

Other Information
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    • References for PseudomalachiteⓘEl Criollo MineMr. Nelson Valenzuela.López et al. (2018)
    Australia
     
    McLean (2004)Chapman et al. (2005)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets+1 other referenceMcLean et al. (2004)McLean et al. (2004)+1 other referenceMcLean et al. (2004)Dieter Mylius collectionBirch et al. (1997)Birch et al. (1997)Henderson (1981)+1 other referenceC J Sullivan and R S Matheson (1952)www.portergeo.com.au and ...Henry et al (1999)Henry et al. (1999)Day et al. (1996)Sorrell (n.d.)Crane et al. (2001)+2 other referencesDay (1998)Lawrence et al (1998)Sorrell (n.d.)Crane et al. (2001)Crane et al. (2001)Sharpe et al. (2002)Crane et al. (2001)Uwe Kolitsch collectionCrane et al. (2001)Costas ConstantinidesBrown et al. (2010)Mandarino (2001)Collection of Mark WilloughbyBrugger et al. (2006)Francis (2010)Francis (2010)[MinRec 15:106-107+2 other referencesSteve Sorrell CollectionMuseum Victoria Specimen M47061A. Russel (2000)Francis (2010)Henry et al. (1988)+3 other referencesNickel et al. (1993)Min. Record 24 (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)Graham MyersonNickel et al. (1994)Palache et al. (1951)Downes et al. (2006)Downes et al. (2006)
    Austria
     
    Meixner (1949)Arthofer et al. (2025)Huber et al. (1977)Ref.: P.Huber 1977Kolitsch (2014)Kolitsch et al. (2011)Kolitsch (2010)Kolitsch (2010)- (1994, July)+1 other reference
    Belarus
     
    Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)
    Belgium
     
    Davreux (1833)+1 other referenceMichel Blondieau.+3 other referencesde Koninck et al. (1872)+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)de Koninck et al. (1872)+2 other referencesBlondieau (2005)Blondieau (2005)Blondieau (2005)
    Brazil
     
    Santos et al. (2023)+1 other referenceCornejo et al. (2009)Grainger et al. (2008)Shen (n.d.)
    Bulgaria
     
    I. Kostov et al. (1964)
    Canada
     
    nsminerals.atspace.com (2005)
    Chile
     
    Econ Geol (1985)Bárbara Romero et al. (2011)XRD by Joachim Lorenzmining-atlas.com (n.d.)Zambra et al. (2007)Maurizio Dini collection- (n.d.)+1 other referenceC. Lemanski collection (7198 & 7201CL)Maurizio Dini database 2007King (n.d.)maurizio dini collection - analysed ...Maurizio Dini collection - analysed ...A Borrelli collectionYaiba SakaguchiLieber et al. (1993)Escolme et al. (2020)Palache et al. (1951)maurizio dini collection - confirmed by ...Arturo Molina and Maurizio Dini ...samples analysed by Dr. Hubert PutzSulphides analysed by geology dep. of ...+1 other referencearturo molina & maurizio dini ...
    China
     
    Lairen Lai et al. (1995)Yanbing Tang (2005)
    Czech Republic
     
    [Lapis 1995+1 other referenceC.Auer (2013)BradnaJournal of Geosciences 54:15-56+2 other referencesMalýP.PaulišSejkora et al. (2021)Lapis 2002 (7/8). Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz. (Praha)+3 other referencesSejkora et al. (2006)Zimák+5 other referencesKratochvílSejkora et al. (2021)
    DR Congo
     
    Braithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceBraithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceLhoest (1992)Deliens (1996)Bull. Mineral.Gauthier et al. (1989)Lhoest (1992)www.portergeo.com.au (n.d.)Piret et al. (1985)+1 other referenceC. Creekmur collection. J. Hartmann ...Deliens (1996)Lhoest (1992)Sośnicka et al. (2019)Herve Osana photoDe Bondt (n.d.)Lhoest (1992)Wilson (2018)Deliens (1989)www.tenke.com (2003)Pascal Mambwe et al. (2018)
    Egypt
     
    El Monsef et al. (2018)Afify et al. (2022)Afify et al. (2022)
    Europe
     
    Jahn (2002)
    France
     
    Queneau (n.d.)Coueille (1988)N. Meisser analysis.Chiappero et al. (1998)Wittern et al. (1997)Chiappero et al. (1995)+2 other referencesBari (1982)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Hervé Forner collectionPatureau et al. (2011)Patureau et al. (2011)Gayraud et al. (2011)+1 other referenceFavreau et al. (2010)Queneau (n.d.)Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ...Favreau (n.d.)Queneau (n.d.)+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)
    Germany
     
    Fricke (1988)+1 other referenceNeschen (n.d.)Walenta (1991)+1 other referenceUwe Kolitsch collection (EDS- and SXRD-analysed)+3 other referencesWalenta (1989)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)From the PETITJEAN CollectionAufschluss 1970 (5)Schmeltzer (1977)Flügel (1986)Klaus Ludwig Collection90.+1 other reference90.+1 other referenceWittern (2001)web.archive.org (2001)Collection of Steffen MichalskiCollection of Steffen MichalskiP Haas collection (specimen no. 72-170)S Wolfsried collectionLapis 25 (2)Collection of Steffen MichalskiCollection of Steffen Michalski ...+1 other referenceLegner et al. (2022)Blaß (2002)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Habel et al. (2009)Wittern (2001)Reinhardt et al. (2005)Markl (1990)+1 other referenceW. Meyer et al. (1996)Markl et al. (1990)Poser et al. (2004)W. Meyer et al. (1996)Palache et al. (1951)+2 other referencesWittern (2001)Gerhard Müller: Bergbau-PSL-Mineralogie et al. (Saarbrücken 1996)+1 other referenceR. Lang pers. findsWittern (2001)Massanek et al. (2005)Schnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceKleeberg et al. (1992)+1 other referencewww.dergraul.de (2001)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)collection H.J. HaasWitzke et al. (1998)Wittern (2001)Dana 6:837+1 other reference
    Indonesia
     
    Maryono et al. (2018)
    Ireland
     
    Sir Arthur Russell (personal collection)Ryback et al. (1991)
    Israel
     
    Bartura (1974)Shlomovitch et al. (1996)Mohsen Manutchehr-Danai (2000)
    Italy
     
    Ciriotti et al. (2011)+1 other referenceBersani et al. (2009)Olmi F. et al. (1995)Stara et al. (1996)Olmi et al. (1995)
    Japan
     
    Sadanaga et al. (1974)Ohnishi et al. (2011)Petrov (n.d.)Matsuo & Fujiwara (1978)Oohori (2001)Okamoto et al. (1988)SHIROSE et al. (2011)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Evseev (1995)Evseev (1995)Pekov (1998)
    Laos
     
    Michael Stott
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1960)+1 other referenceBehier (1960)+1 other reference
    Mexico
     
    Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Thorne (n.d.)Braith et al. (2001)+1 other referenceLapis 2001 (1)Mineralogical Magazine 1972 38 : ...
    Morocco
     
    Jahn et al. (2003)Favreau (2012)
    Namibia
     
    Bezing et al. (2007)Niedermayr (2001)New Mineral Names. Mineral News et al. (January 2012)von Bezing (2007)Robert Pecorini collection
    Norway
     
    Brastad (1980)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    Miofuvhoedki (2001)Yuming Chen and Kaitian Wang (2008)
    Poland
     
    Siuda+2 other referencesSiuda (2001)Domań+2 other referencesKonrad PytelŁukasz KruszewskiLis et al. (1986)Eligiusz Szełęg collection
    Portugal
     
    Alves (n.d.)Oliveira et al. (2025)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Alves et al. (2017)www.dainst.org (n.d.)Rui Nunes visit 18 July 2015Alves (n.d.)Hugo Lobo CollectionPedro Alves analytical data and ...Braithwaite et al. (1994)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Artur Neves collectionAlves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Manuel Maia's mineral collectionMinerais de Portugal collectionIdentified in Rebentão Mineself-find
    Republic of the Congo
     
    Palache et al. (1951)
    Romania
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Palache et al. (1951)
    Russia
     
    Kasatkin et al. (2025)American Mineralogist (1991)+1 other referencePavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...Ivanyuk et al. (2018)Mikhailova et al. (2015)Yakovenchuk et al. (2018)+1 other referenceBerry (1950)Hermann (1846)+1 other reference
    Slovakia
     
    Hyršl (1991)+2 other referencesHyršl (1991)Kodě+1 other referenceŠtevko et al. (2012)Števko M. (2022)Števko M. (2022)ŠtevkoŠtevko M. et al. (2020)Števko M. (2022)Zipster (1817)Števko M. (2022)
    South Africa
     
    Arthur L. Flagg Specimen No. 3439Cairncross et al. (1995)Steffen Michalski Collection - all ...
    Spain
     
    www.foro-minerales.com (2020)Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)Minerales y Minas de España et al. (2015)Calvo (2015)Calvo (2015)Calvo (2008)Calvo (2008)Fabre (n.d.)Calvo (2015)Calvo (2015)Calvo (2015)Joan Rosell (2023)Rosell et al. (2006)Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)Jiménez R. et al. (2004)Calvo Rebollar (2012)Calvo Rebollar (2015)Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)Weibel (1954)Viñals et al. (2011)Calvo et al. (2003)Calvo (2015)
    Sudan
     
    Bierlein et al. (2020)
    UK
     
    Braithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceBraithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceGolley et al. (1995)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Braithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceLapis 11 (2)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Braithwaite et al. (1994)+2 other referencesGolley et al. (1995)Golley et al. (1995)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Virginia Maine collectionVirginia Maine collectionVirginia Maine collectionDe Bondt (n.d.)Steve Rust collectionBraithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceRudler (1905)Steve Rust collectionGolley et al. (1995)Braithwaite et al. (1994)Hartley (1984)+1 other referenceCooper et al. (1990)+2 other referencesKingsbury et al. (MS)+3 other referencesKingsbury et al. (MS)+4 other referencesDay (1999)Stanley et al. (1991)Briscoe et al. (2008)Braithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceChris Popham CollectionBraithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceMoreton (2006)Chris Popham Collection
    USA
     
    Graeme (1993)Dr. Marcus OriglieriGalbraith (1959)Hutton (1959)+1 other referencePersonal communication with Robert ...+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)C. Lemanski (6814CL)Thomas et al. (1983)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Khin (1970)+1 other referenceKhin (1970)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Raman analyzed at the University of ...C. LemanskiAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Stolburg (1984)Murdoch et al. (1966)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Cooper et al. (2003)+1 other referencewww.mineralsocal.org (1999)Pemberton (1983)+1 other referenceCollected and analyzed by Bob Housley.Collected by and in the collection of ...Fisher (2002)Foord et al. (1986)Rocks & Min.: 65:349.Wentzell (~1991)Mineralogical Magazine (1996)+1 other referenceSpecimens collected by Jeremy Zolan in ...Mines of the Washington D.C AreaHeinrich et al. (2004)Waisman (1992)+2 other referencesGuilbert and Zeihen+2 other referencesJensen et al. (1995)Jensen et al. (1995)Castor et al. (2004)ncma.minresco.com (n.d.)Castor et al. (2004)Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ...Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.+1 other referencefrom Jungles collectionCastor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Jay Penn collectionWalstrom (n.d.)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceBraithwaite et al. (1994)+1 other referenceCummingsD.Court collection+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)Rocks & Minerals 84:492-500Northrop et al. (1996)Jerry Cone CollectionNorthrop et al. (1996)Walstrom (n.d.)New Mexico Bureau of Geology Mineral ...Northrop et al. (1996)DeMark et al. (1999)King et al. (1995)Genth et al. (1881)Dana 6:1075.Genth (1891)+1 other referenceGenth (1891)+1 other referenceWilson et al. (1978)Dana 6: 1075.Dana 6: 1077.Genth et al. (1881)Genth et al. (1881)Sloto (1989)Montgomery (Jan, 1963)+5 other referencesMin.Rec.:10 (5)+2 other referencesBoucot (1949)+1 other referenceSmith (1977)Smith (1977)+1 other referenceRocks & Minerals: 67 (6)+1 other referenceRocks & Min. 65:349+1 other referenceCollection of Michael Lambert IIBarton et al. (2018)Thorne (n.d.)Rocks & Minerals: 60: 166.Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Collected by Doug Schonewaldwgnhs.uwex.edu (2016)
    Uzbekistan
     
    Eilu (2003)Eilu (2003)
    Zambia
     
    Le Sueur minerals samples at Tucson 2015Allan Ryan collection and field ...Korowski et al. (1978)+1 other referenceBraithwaite et al. (1994)
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