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Powellite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Photos of Powellite (356)Discuss Powellite
Powellite GallerySearch Photos of Powellite
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Ca(MoO4)
Colour:
Yellow, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, brown, greenish yellow, grey, blue or black, colourless; black material is deep blue in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.26
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Scheelite Group
Name:
Named in 1891 by William Harlow Melville in honor of the American geologist and explorer, John Wesley Powell [March 24, 1834 Mount Morris, New York, USA – September 23, 1902 North Haven, Maine, USA], second Director of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Type Locality:
ⓘPeacock Mine, Cuprum, Seven Devils Mining District, Adams County, Idaho, USA
Isostructural with:
Scheelite
Powellite-Scheelite Series.

An uncommon secondary mineral, typically formed in the oxidation zones of molybdenum-bearing hydrothermal deposits, rarely in basalt cavities, tactites, and granite pegmatites.

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Powellite.



Unique Identifiers
First published:
1891
Type description reference:
Melville, W.H. (1891) Powellite - calcium molybdate: A new mineral species. American Journal of Science: 141: 138-141.

Classification of Powellite

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
Dana 7th ed.:
48.1.2.2
Dana 8th ed.:
48.1.2.2

48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
27.3.2

27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Powellite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre sub-adamantine on crystal faces; greasy on fracture surfaces. Pearly lustre manifests on foliated pseudmorphous material.
Colour:
Yellow, straw-yellow, yellow-brown, brown, greenish yellow, grey, blue or black, colourless; black material is deep blue in transmitted light.
Comment:
May exhibit zoned colouration.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 onMohs scale
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {112} {011} and {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.26 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.255 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Powellite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
In deeply colored specimens (Houghton County, Michigan, USA):
O = Blue
E = Green

Chemistry of Powellite
Common Impurities:
W

Crystallography of PowelliteNasik, India 1493
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.10 Å(100)
1.929 Å(30)
4.76 Å(25)
1.588 Å(20)
2.61 Å(16)
2.86 Å(14)
1.848 Å(14)
Comments:
Synthetic

Geological Environment
General Appearance of Type Material:
Well formed pyramidal crystals up to 2.5 mm in length, very similar in appearance to scheelite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA: #80674.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Chimneys of ore along a contact between limestone and granite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
BorniteGarnet Group
Reference:
Melville, W.H. (1891) Powellite - calcium molybdate: A new mineral species. American Journal of Science: 141: 138-141.

Other Language Names for Powellite

Relationship of Powellite to other Species
Other Members of Scheelite Group:
RonpetersoniteBaWO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a
ScheeliteCa(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
StolzitePb(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
WulfenitePb(MoO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
Forms a series with:
ScheelitePowellite-Scheelite Series

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/m7.GA.05RonpetersoniteBaWO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05Fergusonite-(Ce)CeNbO4 · 0.3H2OTet.7.GA.05Fergusonite-(Nd)NdNbO47.GA.05Fergusonite-(Y)YNbO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05StolzitePb(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05SuseinargiuiteNaBi(MoO4)2Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05WulfenitePb(MoO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05ScheeliteCa(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.10Formanite-(Y)YTaO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.10Iwashiroite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb)O4Mon. 2/m :P2/b7.GA.15Paraniite-(Y)Ca2Y(AsO4)(WO4)2Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.20Takanawaite-(Y)YTaO4Mon. 2/m

Fluorescence of Powellite

Other Information
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    • References for PowelliteⓘPiedras Blancas depositPorto et al. (1985)
    Australia
     
    Brown et al. (2001)Sorrell (n.d.)Rankin et al. (2002)+1 other referenceSharpe et al. (2004)Vickery et al. (2010)Gilligan et al. (1992)Dieter Mylius collectionStevens (1972)Huckitta 1996Zia U. BajwahZia U. BajwahIvanac et al. (1972)Huckitta 1996Zia U. BajwahHuckitta 1996Huckitta 1996Huckitta 1996Huckitta 1996Con Constantinides collectionCon Constantinides collectionBirch et al. (1998)Ball (1915)Wheeler (2017)Bottrill et al. (2008)Burchard (1977)Sorrell (n.d.)Stuart MillsJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesBaxter (1978)Simpson (1948)Abeysinghe et al. (1997)
    Austria
     
    Walter et al. (2016)Steiner&Melcher (2020)Strasser (1989)Kolitsch et al. (2021)
    Brazil
     
    Souza Neto et al. (2008)+1 other referenceCosta et al. (2024)Souza Neto et al. (2008)
    Bulgaria
     
    Marcus Voigt Collection
    Canada
     
    Peatfield (n.d.)Soregaroli (1968)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Peatfield (n.d.)Selby et al. (2000)Peatfield (n.d.)+1 other referencePeatfield (n.d.)- (n.d.)Richard Gunter specimenwww.ontariominerals.com (2001)Thomson R. (1968)Mielke (n.d.)Sabina (2003)Horváth et al. (2019)GSC Miscellaneous Report 41 - Sabina
    Chile
     
    R.O. Meyer collectionSorrell (n.d.)Francis et al. (1994)A.Molina & M. Dini collectionsCollection Elmar LacknerMaurizio Dini collectionJason B. Smith collectionAmerican MineralogistJewel Tunnel Imports (Baldwin Park, CA)
    China
     
    Zhizu He and Qinwei Dong (2012)Boling Pan et al. (1989)Mingzheng Zhuang (1983)Jichang Weng et al. (2010)Liu et al. (2022)Jian et al. (2022)+1 other referenceZhu et al. (2025)Liu et al. (2022)Wanrong Hou et al. (2010)Fengjun Nie et al. (2012)Fengjun Nie et al. (2012)Xiulan Nie and Wanrong Hou (2010)Chengfa Wang (1984)Xu et al. (2019)+1 other referenceWeiji Zhang (1982)Chengdian Pen (1986)
    Czech Republic
     
    Sejkora et al. (2006)Ulmanová et al. (2019)Čermák F.: Powellit z Černé Vody (žulovský masiv)Sejkora (1998)
    Ecuador
     
    Alejandro Felix Gutierrez
    Egypt
     
    Klemm R. (2013)
    Finland
     
    Hytönen (1999)Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ...+1 other reference
    France
     
    Goujou et al. (2000)R. Pierrot
    Germany
     
    70.+1 other referenceSchatz (1972)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Lapis 1980 (7/8)+1 other referenceWeiß (1990)Lorenz (2004)Weiß (1990)Nickel et al. (1985)Lapis (5)+1 other referenceWitzke et al. (2001)Witzke et al. (2001)
    Greece
     
    Bracke (n.d.)
    India
     
    Haas (n.d.)Ottens (2011)Richard Dale CollectionOttens (1996)Ottens et al. (2019)Claeys (2009)Ottens et al. (2019)Kothavala (1982)+1 other referenceKothavala (1982)Kothavala (1982)Claeys (2009)P Bongaerts collectionI don't know any literature referenceMukhopadhyay (1981)Mukhopadhyay (1981)Khan et al. (2012)
    Iran
     
    Ali Sholeh et al. (2016)
    Italy
     
    Stefan ÖrtelCerea et al. (2019)Marchesini et al. (2025)Bedognè F. et al. (1995)Biffi P. et al. (Varese)+1 other referencePiccoli et al. (2007)De Michele (1974)Preite et al. (1997)De Michele (1974)Orlandi et al. (2013)+1 other referenceGamboni et al. (2011)Gamboni et al. (1997)Dellantonio (2013)Published on LIBVRNA N°1 may 2021. Analysed by Spectralab srl (SEM/EDS and Raman)
    Ivory Coast
     
    Ouattara et al. (2021)
    Japan
     
    Bernard (1985)+1 other referenceAfricano et al. (2000)Nishio-Hamane et al. (2013)Yamada (2004)
    Jordan
     
    Galuskin et al. (2025)Fleurance et al. (2013)
    Kazakhstan
     
    Dana 7:II:1080.Evseev (1995)+1 other referenceEvseev (1995)Chen Xuanhua et al. (2010)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)Yegorov et al. (1970)Pekov (1998)
    Mexico
     
    Beinlich et al. (2019)George-Aniel et al. (1991)+1 other referenceEcon Geol (1991)Querol+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Lapis 2001 (1)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...Megaw (2023)Megaw (2023)
    Middle East
     
    Vapnik et al. (2014)
    Mongolia
     
    Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)
    Morocco
     
    Meisser et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2007)Favreau et al. (2006)Palache et al. (1951)
    Namibia
     
    Xu et al. (2025)Rick TurnerJahn et al. (2006)+1 other referenceGebhard (1999)
    Nicaragua
     
    - (2005)
    Niger
     
    Bohari et al. (2022)
    North Macedonia
     
    Đorđević et al. (2024)
    Norway
     
    Burvald (1983)Furuhaug et al. (1977)Andresen (1990)Raade (1966)Raade (1966)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2005)Larsen et al. (2010)Hasan (1971)Hasan (1971)Hasan (1971)Viola et al. (2008)Nordrum (2001)
    Poland
     
    Mochnacka et al. (2015)+1 other referenceLis et al. (1986)Mikulski (2013)
    Russia
     
    Potseluev et al. (2006)Damdinov et al. (2022)Kasatkin et al. (2022)webmineral.ru (2016)Nishanbaev et al. (2016)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Gramenitskiy et al. (2019)Pekov et al. (2022)Palache et al. (1951)Singer et al. (2008)Kalinin (2021)Kalinin (2021)Kalinin (2021)Perevoznikova et al. (2022)Перевозникова et al. (СИХОТЭ-АЛИНЬ)Africano et al. (2003)+2 other referencesPavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Palache et al. (1951)
    Serbia
     
    Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013)Radosavljević-Mihajlović et al. (2017)Pačevski et al. (2016)+1 other reference
    Somaliland
     
    Orris et al. (2002)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Rozendaa et al. (2012)
    Spain
     
    Rewitzer et al. (2018)Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)Joan Rosell-Riba (2023)Mata i Perelló (1990)Bareche (2005)Alfonso et al. (2012)
    Sweden
     
    Sundberg+1 other referencerruff.geo.arizona.edu (2006)Robbins et al. (1985)Strand (2017)Andersson et al. (2024)
    Switzerland
     
    Roth et al. (2025)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Roth et al. (2013)Weiß (1982)+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2003)+1 other referenceCannon (2005)Stalder et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Tanzania
     
    Bill Larsen
    Turkey
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Kocatürk et al. (2025)Kocatürk et al. (2025)
    UK
     
    Stanley et al. (1991)Hartley (1984)+2 other referencesStarkey (1995)+1 other referenceBattey et al. (1962)+1 other referenceMational Museum of Wales database
    USA
     
    - (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)Mulligan+1 other reference- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046190+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Cooper (1964)+1 other reference- (1973)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039384Cooper & Silver (1964)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Mr. Roy ParsonsAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)Confirmed by Raman spectorscopy at the ...Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)Dale (1959)+1 other referenceJahns (1952)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10048180.MRDS file #10027315.Anthony et al. (1995)Onac+2 other referencesMRDS file #10037090.Wenrich (1988)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039530Wilson (1941)+3 other referencesKeith (1974)+1 other referenceGalbraith (1959)+2 other referencesWilson (1941)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039411Schrader & Hill (1910)+3 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10103745MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039612Schrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Ransome (1922)+5 other referencesGalbraith (1947)Raman analyzed at the University of ...MRDS database Dep. ID #10039521+1 other referenceDale (1959)+1 other referenceWilson (1941)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037099Rocks & Min.: 24:376-377.Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceWilson (1941)MRDS database Dep. ID #10109052- (2005)field collected specimen from David LoweUSGS Bull 1182E+1 other referenceClark (1956)+4 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)Engel (1954)+2 other referencesRinehart (1964)+1 other reference- (2005)Knopf (1917a)+6 other referencesTucker (1941)+3 other referencesTucker (1941)+3 other referencesMcAllister (1955)+2 other referencesEngel (1962)+1 other referenceHess (1917)+3 other references- (2005)Hess (1917)+1 other referenceWiese (1946)+2 other referencesWiese (1946)+4 other references- (2005)Herschel WardLemmon (1941b)+3 other referencescalif Div Mines SR48 "Economic Geology ...Lemmon (1941b)+4 other references- (2005)Rinehart (1964)+2 other referencesRinehart (1964)+2 other referencesUSGS Bull 1182E+1 other referenceDoebrich+2 other referencesDunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]Weber (1963)+3 other references- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Kampf et al. (2012)+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Carnegie Museum of Natural History ...Kampf et al. (2013)Moritz (n.d.)Januzzi et al. (1976)Yedlin (1967)+1 other referenceCook (1978)Rocks & Min. 70:244Ream (2004)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceReam (1995)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Rocks & Min. 70:249-250.USGS OFR 2000 - OF-00-239Ream (1995)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Thompson et al. (1998)King (2009)Leavitt et al. (1993)Travis Olds collection+1 other referenceRosemeyer (2001)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceRosemeyer (2001)Morris (1983)Rocks & Minerals:58:109.+1 other referenceRocks & Minerals: 61:328.+1 other referenceHeinrich et al. (2004)Morris (1983)Travis Olds collectionRosemeyer (2001)- (2005)- (2005)Krohn et al. (1977)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Gobla (2012)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Tucker (n.d.)+1 other referenceTucker (n.d.)+1 other reference- (2005)Tucker (n.d.)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+2 other references- (2005)J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1987)NBMG Bull 83 Geology and Mineral ...Longwell et al. (1965)+2 other referencesDoebrich+3 other references- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)LaPointe et al. (199)+1 other referenceUSGS Open-File Report 76-56+2 other referencesLaPointe et al. (199)+2 other referencesSchilling (1979)LaPointe et al. (199)+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)+2 other referencesLaPointe et al. (199)+2 other referencesLaPointe et al. (199)+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology (1983)NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)NBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ...Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)- (2005)John W. Norby and Michael J.T. Orobona (2002)NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ...- (2005)- (2005)Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ...+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 63:487.- (2005)Schilling (1979)Schilling (1979)- (2005)Schilling (1979)John Dowis Collection--SurpriseSchilling (1979)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other reference+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 80 Geology and Mineral ...+3 other references- (2005)NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)+1 other reference- (2005)Schilling (1979)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)Castor et al. (2004)Martin Jensen (2011)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Schilling (1979)- (2005)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other referenceDana 7:II:1081.+2 other referencesSchilling (1979)- (2005)Johnson (1977)- (2005)Johnson (1977)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Johnson (1977)+1 other referenceKen Coleman Collection- (2005)- (1976)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)Schilling (1979)- (1976)- (2005)David Shannon Minerals to John Weber ...- (1976)Meyers et al. (1956)Dunn (1995)Dunn (1995)Dunn (1995)Northrop et al. (1996)- (2005)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)- (1965)+1 other referenceYang et al. (2023)+1 other referenceRobert E. Walsttom collectiongeoinfo.nmt.edu (n.d.)+2 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459Jerry Cone CollectionNMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2000)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)USGS Bull 945C+2 other referencesUSGS Bull 945C+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)USGS Bull 945CUSGS Bull 945C+1 other referenceUSGS Bull 945C+1 other reference- (2005)Wilson et al. (1978)C.W. Allen collection- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)www.juniata.edu (n.d.)MillerRocks & Minerals (1986)Smith (1991)+1 other reference- (2005)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)- (2005)MINERALS OF THE KARNES URANIUM ...- (2005)Palache et al. (1951)Smith (1991)Self-collected by Franklin Roberts.Bullock (1981)Dana 7:II:1080.+4 other references- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Nolan et al. (1935)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)John Lindell CollectionCannon (1975)Valentine et al. (1960)Cannon (1975)+1 other reference- (2005)Cannon (1975)+1 other referenceCannon (1975)Derkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other referenceDerkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other referenceDerkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other reference- (2005)+1 other reference- (2005)
    Vietnam
     
    Ko-Chun Huang Collection
    Zimbabwe
     
    Frei et al. (1998)Cairncross (2004)
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