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Pharmacosiderite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Named in 1813 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann from the Greek φάρμăκου "pharmakou" for "poison or drug" in allusion to the arsenic content, and σίδηρος "sideros" for "iron" in its composition.
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘTincroft Mine, Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK
ⓘCarharrack Mine, Gwennap, Cornwall, England, UK
Pharmacosiderite Group.
Forms solid solutions withbariopharmacosiderite,natropharmacosiderite,pharmacoalumite and other members of the pharmacosiderite group.

A secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of iron-bearing sulfide deposits or in hydrothermal deposits.


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Pharmacosiderite

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
K : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and< 2:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.8.1a.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
20.9.9

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
9 : Arsenates of Fe

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale green, green, emerald-green, dark brown, honey-yellow to yellow-brown, brownish red, hyacinth-red; green, yellow, light brown in transmitted light (biaxially sectored).
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect to good on {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Comment:
Described as "somewhat sectile"
Density:
2.797 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.90 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pharmacosiderite
Common Impurities:
P

Crystallography of Pharmacosiderite
Click on an icon to view
Pharmacosiderite no.8 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Pharmacosiderite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Crystal Structure

Synonyms of Pharmacosiderite

Other Language Names for Pharmacosiderite

Relationship of Pharmacosiderite to other Species
Other Members of Pharmacosiderite Group:
BariopharmacosideriteBa0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2OTet.42m :P42m
CaesiumpharmacosideriteCsFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m
Hydroniumpharmacosiderite(H3O)Fe4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m
NatropharmacosideriteNaFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m
PlumbopharmacosideritePb0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2OIso.43m :P43m
StrontiopharmacosideriteSr0.5Fe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2OTet.42m :P42m
ThalliumpharmacosideriteTlFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2OIso.43m :F43m

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/m8.DK.BimbowrieiteNaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.PuttapaitePb2Mn2+2ZnCr3+4O2(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 12H2OMon. 2/m :B2/m8.DK.10ThalliumpharmacosideriteTlFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2OIso.43m :F43m8.DK.10NatropharmacosideriteNaFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.10PlumbopharmacosideritePb0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.10StrontiopharmacosideriteSr0.5Fe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2OTet.42m :P42m8.DK.10BariopharmacosideriteBa0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2OTet.42m :P42m8.DK.10Hydroniumpharmacosiderite(H3O)Fe4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.12Hydroniumpharmacoalumite(H3O)Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4.5H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.12BariopharmacoalumiteBa0.5Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.12PharmacoalumiteKAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6.5H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.12Calciopharmacoalumite Ca0.5Al4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.12NatropharmacoalumiteNaAl4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 4H2OIso.43m :P43m8.DK.15MatioliiteNaMgAl5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.15BurangaiteNaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.15NatrodufréniteNaFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.15DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.15GayiteNaMn2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b8.DK.20KidwelliteNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33Mon. 2/m :P2/b8.DK.25Bleasdaleite(Ca,Fe3+)2Cu5(Bi,Cu)(PO4)4(H2O,OH,Cl)13Mon. 2/m :B2/m8.DK.30Matulaite(Fe3+,Al)Al7(PO4)4(PO3OH)2(OH)8(H2O)8 · 8H2OMon. 2/m8.DK.35KrasnoviteBa(Al,Mg)(PO4,CO3)(OH)2 · H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)

Radioactivityshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of Pharmacosiderite

Other Information
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    • References for PharmacosideriteⓘMouzaïaPalache et al. (1951)
    Argentina
     
    Ronald G. Simpson (2017)+1 other reference
    Australia
     
    Gilligan et al. (1993)Williams et al. (2005)Uwe Kolitsch collectionvan der Heyden et al. (1988)Updated list originally distributed by ...part of list University of QueenslandJean Pierre Barral+1 other referenceBottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)Sorrell (n.d.)Sorrell (n.d.)Birch et al. (2007)Ryan Eagle field collected 2018- (n.d.)Nickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)Simpson (1952)Clissold (2007)Nickel (1987)Kim Macdonald collection.Blatchford et al. (1917)Dunn et al. (1985)
    Austria
     
    C.Auer (2016)C.Auer (2016)Meixner (1953)Puttner (2002)Blass (2000)A.Pichler (2012)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Huber et al. (1984)+1 other referenceStrasser (1989)Paar et al. (1978)Strasser (1989)Exel (1993)Neschen (n.d.)Strasser (1989)Tomazic (1999)Leikauf et al. (2000)Bernhard et al. (2005)C.Auer (2021)Bojar et al. (1995)Auer & Postl (2016)Chris Auer- (1994, July)Kolitsch et al. (2008)
    Belgium
     
    Michel Blondieau.+1 other referenceHatert et al. (1998)+1 other referenceLefevre (2001)+6 other references
    Brazil
     
    Moura et al. (2007)+1 other referenceSergio Varvello collection+1 other referenceAtencio et al. (2004)Sergio Varvello collectionSergio Varvello collectionSergio Varvello collectionAtencio et al. (2006)
    Bulgaria
     
    Martin Števko-unpublishedMinceva-Stefanova (2001)
    Canada
     
    Walker et al. (2009)Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History ...Ontario Division of MinesOntario Division of MinesAnthony et al. (2016)Watson et al. (1996)
    Chile
     
    Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)Cook (1978)samples analysed by Gerhard Moehn and ...Kampf et al. (2013)maurizio dini collection - quantitative ...
    Czech Republic
     
    Lapis 2002 (7/8)Scharm B.Sejkora et al. (2006)+1 other referenceFILIPPI M. et al. (2005)Sejkora+1 other referenceŠreinHistoric mineral collection National ...Roman Gramblicka collectionRoman Gramblicka collectionSejkora et al. (2009)Dvořák et al. (2012)VÍŠKOVÁ et al. (2022)MiškovskýStaněk (1991)+4 other referencesStaněk (1997)Novák+3 other references
    France
     
    Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ...+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2000)R. PierrotBelot (1978)Bariand et al. (n.d.)PIERROT R. (1971)Michel Blondieau collectionCollected by IOB Sylvano analysed by BOURGOIN Vincent (Jean Wyart association)Laurent (1995)Favreau G. et al. (1996)Personally collected by Yves MOUREY in ...GOURAULT C. (2011)Yves Mourey CollectionYves Mourey CollectionLe Roch (2009)Le Règne Minéral (2007)Germain C. et al. (1990)Pierre Le RochChauris (2014)Chauris (2014)De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2001)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Bari (1982)Escande et al. (1973)+6 other referencesEscande et al. (1973)+6 other referencesQueneau (n.d.)Queneau (n.d.)Arliguie M collection+1 other referenceQueneau (n.d.)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceLa minéralogie. Béryl Limousin+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceQueneau (n.d.)www.zampano.com (n.d.)+1 other referenceQueneau (n.d.)Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...Favreau et al. (2010)Queneau (n.d.)Jean Claude DolRobert PECORINI (2016)Georges Favreau specimensCaubel (1997)Queneau (n.d.)Queneau (n.d.)Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)Guitard (2010)Jean Claude DolQueneau (n.d.)Legrand et al. (1986)+1 other reference"La minéralisation thallifère de Jas Roux (Hautes Alpes)+2 other referencesPalache et al. (1951)+2 other referencesJean-Marie Claude collectionCLAUDE Jean Marie Collection and ...
    Germany
     
    Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Palache et al. (1951)Wittern (2001)Aufschluss 1970 (5)+1 other referenceHock et al. (1992)Hanneberg et al. (2009)+1 other referenceF. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)Weiß (1990)+2 other referencesPalache et al. (1951)Schwarzmeier et al. (2015)+2 other referencesWeiß (1990)Rainer Batoschewitz specimen (http://www.meteorite-lab.homepage.t-online.de/index_dateien/bm.pdf)Lapis (10)Weiß (1990)Schnorrer (1993)Koch (2008)Henrich et al. (2019)Der Aufschluss 2000 (2)Wittern (2001)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Mineralienwelt 2/1997Russell (1910)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)+1 other referenceWeiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Noll (1984)Markl et al. (1990)Lapis (9)Weiß (1990)SEM-EDS by Joy DesorRondorf et al. (1992)Thomas LührGröbner et al. (2011)Gröbner et al. (2011)Thomas Lühr CollectionThomas Lühr CollectionWittern (2001)Gröbner et al. (2011)Stolze et al. (08/2020)Lapis (4)Gramblička (n.d.)Wittern (2001)Schnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceKleeberg et al. (1992)www.dergraul.de (2001)www.dergraul.de (2001)Stark (2011)Martin et al. (1992)Massanek et al. (2005)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Palache et al. (1951)Wittern (2001)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceGerstenberg (n.d.)43-47+3 other referencesKnoll (2009)Wittern (2001)Selling catalog Steffen Michalski ...
    Greece
     
    Blaß et al. (1998)Rieck et al. (2018)Hanke (1996)Rieck et al. (2022)Gröbner (2001)Rieck et al. (2018)Frenzel (1895)42.+2 other referencesGelaude et al. (1996)Gelaude et al. (1996)Bracke (n.d.)Dill et al. (2010)
    Hungary
     
    www.geomania.huOwn found (Tóth L.,2012)
    Ireland
     
    S. Moreton collection
    Italy
     
    Pagano et al. (2001)Redazionale (2005)Redazione (2005)probed by Balestra C.Gianluca Armellino et al. (2024)Capitanio A. (2000)Carmagnola et al. (2019)Bedognè et al. (2006)Gentile et al. (2012)Gentile P. (1985)+2 other referencesBiffi P. et al. (2004)Guastoni et al. (2003)+2 other referencesAmbrino et al. (2009)Ambrino et al. (2009)Ciriotti et al. (2019)Ciriotti et al. (2019)Boscardin M. (1990)ALBERTINI C. (2014)Guastoni (2009)Guastoni et al. (2006)+2 other referencesStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1994)Stara et al. (1996)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)Sergio Mascia finding+1 other referenceStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Joshua Chambers CollectionBrizzi et al. (1994)Stara et al. (1996)Pelloux (1921)Stara P. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)- (n.d.)Stara et al. (1993)Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis)Vecchi et al. (2013)Gasparetto et al. (2014)Erica Bittarello+3 other referencesFerretti et al. (2019)Brizzi G. et al. (GR)Biagioni et al. (2013)Biagioni et al. (2013)Francesco Bonotti CollectionFrancesco Bonotti CollectionN. Calanchi et al. (1976)Innocenti et al. (2002)+1 other referenceF. Millosevich (1914)+1 other referenceL. Busatti (arsenopirite, farmacosiderite, dufrenite)F. Senesi (1998)Brizzi G. et al. (1986)+1 other referenceBoscardin et al. (2011)+1 other reference
    Japan
     
    Uehara et al. (2014)Yaiba SakaguchiUehara et al. (2014)OHNISHI et al. (2013)+1 other referenceKusachi et al (1986)Akira Kato (2009)
    Kazakhstan
     
    Kopchenova et al. (1962)+2 other references
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1963)
    Mexico
     
    Moore (2008)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)
    Morocco
     
    Favreau et al. (2006)Kampf (2004)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau et al. (2007)Favreau (n.d.)JP Barral collectionFavreau et al. (2006)Kampf (2004)Favreau et al. (2006)
    Namibia
     
    Gebhard (1999)
    New Zealand
     
    Auton (1982)Craw et al. (1992)+1 other referenceAuton (1997)ParituHaffert et al. (2010)
    North Macedonia
     
    Percival et al. (1994)Balić Žunić et al. (1993)+3 other references
    Norway
     
    Kamphaug (1986)Kristiansen et al. (1972)+1 other referenceHusdal (2011)Husdal (2021)Ellingsen et al. (2000)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)- (n.d.)Larsen (2013)Ljøstad (1988)+3 other references
    Poland
     
    Siuda+2 other referencesDomań+3 other referencesSiuda et al. (2003)Lis J. et al. (Sudety)+2 other references
    Portugal
     
    Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Pedro Alves analytical dataPedro Alves collection and/or ...Artur Neves collectionAlves (n.d.)Schnorrer-Köhler (1991)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Mineralien AtlasMarques de Sá et al. (2002)Alves (n.d.)Ko Jansen collection
    Romania
     
    www.minerals-of-the-carpathians
    Russia
     
    Kasatkin et al. (2014)+1 other referenceYurgenson et al. (2011)
    Slovakia
     
    Števko M. et al. (2010)Koděra (1986)Smithsonian Institution USNM ...Števko M. (2022)DudaOndrejka et al. (2024)Števko M. (2022)Martin ŠtevkoOzdín et al. (1999)Ozdín et al. (1999)
    South Africa
     
    Robert O. Meyer collection+1 other referenceMalcolm Southwood (2002)Cairncross et al. (1995)SAMS (South African Micromount Society)Robert O. Meyer collection+3 other references
    Spain
     
    Castro+2 other referencesCalvo (2015)+1 other referenceJosé Miguel Sola Fernández and group.A. Arribas et al. (2005)G. Leal et al. (2005)Rewitzer et al. (2016)+2 other referencesCalvo (2008)Calvo Rebollar (2015)Calvo Rebollar (2015)Calvo (2008)Boixereu-Vila et al. (2025)Calvo et al. (2014)Carlos González Bargueño et al. (2003)González Bargueño et al. (2003)Boixereu-Vila et al. (2025)Joan RosellJoan Abella i Creus (2008)Jimenez R. et al. (2004)Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)Calvo (2015)Sainz de Baranda Graf (2013)Calvo Rebollar (2015)MinRec-2003-0708-315Lapis 2002 (11)Adrián PesudoCasanova HonrubiaA. PesudoFavreau (n.d.)
    Switzerland
     
    Kolitsch (1998)Ansermet (2012)Cuchet et al. (2005)Ansermet (2012)Stalder et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Taiwan
     
    James K.C.Huang CollectionChen et al. (1985)
    Thailand
     
    Queneau (n.d.)
    UK
     
    Russell (1910)+2 other referencesGolley et al. (1995)Day (1999)Foster (n.d.)+2 other referencesP Haas (2007)Collins (1871)Collins (1871)+1 other referencePHall (1868)+1 other referenceHill et al. (1906)Hausmann (1813)Phillips (1823)+2 other referencesS. Rust collection.Phillips (1823)+3 other referencesHall (1868)+1 other referenceHall (1868)+1 other referenceGolley et al. (1995)Collection Richard De NulP D Trebilcock.G. CurtisCollection Richard De NulRoyal Cornwall Polytechnic Society (1870)+1 other referenceEx Chris JewsonDay (1999)G.Curtis collection.Rollinson et al. (2017)[www.thamesvalleyminerals.com]+1 other referencePhillips (1823)+3 other referencesEmbrey et al. (1987)Golley et al. (1995)Carne (1822)+3 other referencesHall (1868)+1 other referenceCollins (1871)39-40+1 other referenceDines (1956)Collins (1876)Hall (1868)+1 other referenceGolley et al. (1995)M.Rumsey - EDS identification - NHM (2010)Greg et al. (1858)+6 other referencesCooper et al. (1990)Cooper et al. (1990)Davidson et al. (1951)+1 other referenceCooper et al. (1990)Kingsbury et al. (1957)+4 other referencesKingsbury et al. (1960)+2 other references- (2006)Kingsbury et al. (1960)+2 other referencesKingsbury et al. (1960)+1 other referenceStanley et al. (1991)Cooper et al. (1990)+1 other referenceCooper et al. (1990)+1 other referenceCooper et al. (1990)Moore (2001)Collection Richard De Nul
    USA
     
    Dean (1995)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)- (2008)Graeme (1993)Graeme (1981)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)Michael Cline Collection+1 other referenceBideaux et al. (1960)+1 other referenceAnderson et al. (1955)Kampf et al. (2018)Dunning et al. (2005)Dunning et al. (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Shepard (1837)Waisman (1992)+1 other referenceThorne (n.d.)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Ron Layton collection specimenCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ...Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ...Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Collection of Kelly Starnes 1991Collection of Kelly Starnes 1990The Minerals of Rhyolite PassJensen et al. (2010)Castor et al. (2004)MinRec 16 (1)Castor et al. (2004)American Mineralogist (1978)+2 other references- (n.d.)+1 other referenceJensen et al. (2001)Castor et al. (2004)Smith (2005)Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241+1 other referenceHeixong YangDunn (1995)Kenney Gay - North Carolina Geological ...Genth et al. (1881)Loomis (2011)Seaman (1976)Mineral WebzineSmith et al. (2000)Rocks & Min.: 60:111.W. L. Roberts labelSmith et al. (2000)Smith et al. (2000)Bullock (1981)Dana 6: 1092.+3 other referencesBullock (1981)Econ Geol (1996)King et al. (1995)King (n.d.)Thorne (n.d.)Bullock (1981)Thorne (n.d.)SEM EDS confirmed by Rob Bowell.Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8
    Uzbekistan
     
    Ishbobaev et al. (2023)
    Zimbabwe
     
    Vetter et al. (1999)+1 other reference
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