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Britholite Group

A group of related mineral species
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A group in theApatite Supergroup which includes hexagonal and pseudo-hexagonal silicates with partially ordered M1 and M2 cations (Pasero et al., 2010).

The minerals of the britholite group are phosphorous-bearing silicates with apatite-type structure and shows a complexity both chemical and structurally. Minerals in this group are among the most abundant and important REE-bearing minerals.


Unique IdentifiersJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Chemistry of Britholite Group

Other Language Names for Britholite Group

Relationship of Britholite Group to other Species
Other Members of Apatite Supergroup:
Apatite GroupA group in theApatite Supergroup which includes hexagonal and pseudohexagonal phosphates, arsenates and ...
Belovite GroupA group in theApatite Supergroup which includes hexagonal and trigonal phosphates with the M1 site split ...
Ellestadite GroupA group in theApatite Supergroup which includes hexagonal and pseudohexagonal sulphato-silicates with the ...
Hedyphane GroupA group in theApatite Supergroup which includes hexagonal and pseudohexagonal phosphates, arsenates and ...
VanackeritePb4Cd(AsO4)3ClTrig. 3 :P3
Britholite Group Members:
Britholite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OHHex. 6/m :P63/m
Britholite-(La) Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
Britholite-(Y) (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OHHex. 6/m :P63/m
Calciobritholite (Ca,Y)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH)
Fluorbritholite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3FHex. 6/m :P63/m
Fluorbritholite-(La) Ca2La3(SiO4)3FHex. 6/m :P63/m
Fluorbritholite-(Nd) Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3FHex. 6/m :P63/m
Fluorbritholite-(Y) (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3FHex. 6/m :P63/m
Fluorcalciobritholite (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3FHex. 6/m :P63/m
Tritomite-(Ce) Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)
Tritomite-(Y) Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F)

Other Information
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    • References for Britholite GroupⓘIn OuzzalAllègre et al. (1972)+5 other references
    Angola
     
    Campeny et al. (2017)[Britholite-(Ce)]Gonçalves+1 other referenceAmores Casals S et al. (2014)[Britholite-(Ce)]Torró et al. (2012)
    Argentina
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Urbina Nilda+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Lira et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini)
    Australia
     
    Stevens+2 other referencesAnenburg et al. (2018)[Britholite-(Ce)]Brugger et al. (2006)[Britholite-(Ce)]- (1992)+1 other referenceSergeev et al. (2024)Sergeev et al. (2024)
    Brazil
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Azzi (2017)[Britholite-(Ce)]Azzi (2019)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Chris D. Parkinson et al.[Tritomite-(Y)]Grainger et al. (2008)[Britholite-(Ce)]Campo Rodriguez et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Ce)]Vilalva et al. (2010)+2 other referencesRosa et al. (2018)[Britholite-(Ce)]de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)Rojas et al. (2016)
    Canada
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Kyla M. Arden and Norman M. Halden (1999)Mitchell et al. (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]Chafe (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]GSC locality database[Britholite-(Ce)]GSC locality database+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Sheard et al. (2012)Normandeau et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pinckston et al. (1995)+1 other reference[Tritomite-(Y)]162-165.+1 other reference[Tritomite-(Y)]D. D. Hogarth et al. (1973)[Tritomite-(Y)]Frondel (1961)+2 other references[Tritomite-(Y)]Rocks & Min.:59:206 & 210.+2 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]McLaughlin (1990)[Britholite-(Ce)]Currie et al. (1996)+1 other referenceAarden et al. (1974)[Britholite-(Y)]Louise Corriveau (Date Modified: 2008-12-08)[Britholite-(Ce)]Sabina (1983)[Britholite-(Ce)]GOLD (1972)[Britholite-(Ce)]Gold (1969)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel M. Kartashov 2018[Britholite-(Ce)]Liu (1993)[Britholite-(Ce)]Horváth et al. (1990)[Britholite-(Ce)]Horváth Collection - confirmed by ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Petrella (2013)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Mohammadi et al. (2025)
    China
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Qiang Wang et al. (2003)[Britholite-(Ce)]Zhang Peishan et al. (1996)[Britholite-(Y)]Chunliu Song (1988)[Britholite-(Ce)]Zonglin Hou (1989)+1 other reference[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Miyawaki et al. (2011)[Britholite-(Ce)]Ma et al. (2022)+2 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]Orris et al. (2002)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Yang et al. (2025)[Britholite-(Ce)]Yang et al. (2006)[Britholite-(Ce)]Orris et al. (2002)Lin et al. (1995)[Britholite-(Ce)]Wang et al. (2023)[Fluorbritholite-(La)]Wang et al. (2025)[Britholite-(Ce)]Wang et al. (2023)[Britholite-(Ce)]Wang et al. (2024)
    Egypt
     
    El Monsef et al. (2018)
    Finland
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Ani et al. (2013)[Britholite-(Ce)]Al-Ani ThairAl-Ani et al. (2018)[Britholite-(Y)]Siivola (1975)[Britholite-(Y)]Jyrki Autio Collection. Pavel M. ...[Britholite-(Y)]Ilkka Mikkola collection[Britholite-(Y)]Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019
    Germany
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe)[Britholite-(Ce)]www.mindat.org (2008)+1 other referenceHentschel (1990)Hentschel (1990)Hentschel (1990)
    Germany/Belgium
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Knute Eldjarn
    Greenland
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Cegiełka et al. (2019)Borst (2014)[Britholite-(Ce)]Danoe et al. (1959)Friis (2016)[Britholite-(Ce)]Karup-Møller et al. (2017)[Britholite-(Ce)]Bøggild (1953)[Britholite-(Ce)]Winther (1901)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Collection of NHM+1 other reference
    Guinea
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Parodi et al. (2004)+1 other reference
    Hungary
     
    SZAKÁLL et al. (2003)[Britholite-(Ce)]Nagy et al. (2003)
    India
     
    Chandra et al. (2018)[Britholite-(Ce)]Bhushan (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]Mishra (1987)+5 other referencesChakrabarty et al. (2018)
    Indonesia
     
    Sukadana et al. (2022)
    Iran
     
    Milton (1977)
    Italy
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Orlandi et al. (1989)[Britholite-(Ce)]Balassone et al. (2013)+1 other referenceMelluso et al. (2014)Di Vito et al. (1987)+21 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]Russo et al. (2004)Balassone et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Ce)]Federico et al. (2002)[Britholite-(Ce)]Mattei et al. (2009)Antonio Borrelli collectionCámara et al. (2012)[Britholite-(Ce)]Oberti et al. (2001)[Britholite-(Ce)]Della Ventura et al. (1999)+3 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)[Britholite-(Ce)]Stoppa et al. (2019)[Britholite-(Ce)]Bortolozzi (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Ciriotti et al. (2011)[Britholite-(Ce)]Lapis 28 (12)[Britholite-(Ce)]Gianfranco Ciccolini CollectionZaccaria et al. (2021)
    Japan
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Imaoka et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Y)]Hata (1938)[Britholite-(Y)]Nagashima et al. (1971)[Britholite-(Y)]Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.+2 other references[Britholite-(Y)]ex-Okamoto collection (2015)
    Kazakhstan
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Kogarko et al. (1995)[Britholite-(Ce)]Mineralogical Society of America - ...
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    [Fluorcalciobritholite]Pautov et al. (2013)
    Libya
     
    Lustrino et al. (2012)
    Madagascar
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Estrade (2014)[Britholite-(Ce)]Wolfgang Hampel (2011)
    Malawi
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Orris et al. (2002)
    Mexico
     
    Mitchell et al. (2025)Elias-Herrera et al. (1991)
    Mongolia
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]G.S. Ripp data+1 other referenceKovalenko et al. (1995)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)Dostal et al. (2023)[Britholite-(Ce)]Ripp+6 other references
    Morocco
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Khadem Allah (1993)
    Mozambique
     
    Lulin et al. (1985)+2 other references
    Namibia
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Blancher (2008)Koller F et al. (2014)
    North Korea
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Takubo (1941)www.ctia.com.cn (n.d.)
    Norway
     
    Griffin et al. (1979)[Britholite-(Y)]Griffin et al. (1979)[Tritomite-(Ce)]RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R060046+1 other reference[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal et al. (2017)[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal (2008)[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal (2008)[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal (2008)[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal (2008)[Britholite-(Y)]Husdal (2008)[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersen et al. (1996)[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (2005)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Engvoldsen et al. (1991)[Britholite-(Ce)]Peter Andresen collection[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (1976)[Britholite-(Ce)]Burvald (1993)[Britholite-(Ce)]Burvald (1993)[Britholite-(Y)]Neumann (1985)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Brøgger (1890, January)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]+1 other reference[Tritomite-(Ce)]Brøgger (1890, January)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (2010)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)][Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersen (1993)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Weibye et al. (1850)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Andresen (2011)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (1993)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Brøgger (1890, January)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Andersen et al. (2010)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Brøgger (1890, January)[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen (1988)[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]Raade (1971)[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (2010)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersen et al. (1996)[Tritomite-(Ce)][Britholite-(Ce)]Engvoldsen et al. (1991)[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen collection and ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Collection of Peter Andresen.+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersen et al. (1996)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Larsen et al. (2010)[Tritomite-(Ce)]www.mindat.org (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen observation and ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-1381)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Engvoldsen et al. (1991)[Tritomite-(Ce)]Berge et al. (1975)[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen collection and ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)[Britholite-(Ce)]Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-5171)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Berge et al. (1976)+1 other reference
    Pakistan
     
    Rashid et al. (2025)
    Paraguay
     
    Comin-Chiaramonti et al. (2016)
    Poland
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Domańska-Siuda et al. (2022)
    Portugal
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Lavarde et al. (2019)Ternes (1999)[Britholite-(Y)]Knut Edvard Larsen collection[Britholite-(Ce)]Alves (n.d.)[Britholite-(Ce)]Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Hirtopanu Paulina et al. (2013)
    Russia
     
    [Britholite-(Y)] ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Doroshkevich et al. (2012)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+3 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]webmineral.ru (2016)[Britholite-(Ce)]Liferovich et al. (2006)[Britholite-(Y)]Alekseev et al. (2015)[Britholite-(Ce)]I.I. Kupriyanova Mineralogy of ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Kalyago et al. (1990)[Britholite-(Ce)]Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)[Britholite-(Y)]Voloshin et al. (2005)+2 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]Mikhailova et al. (2007)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[Fluorcalciobritholite]Pekov et al. (2007)[Britholite-(Ce)]Konopleva et al. (2008)[Britholite-(Ce)] ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Pakhomovsky et al. (2014)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Vetrin et al. (2020)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Kasatkin (2019)[Britholite-(Y)]Lunts et al. (1972)[Britholite-(Y)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[Britholite-(Y)][Britholite-(Y)]Pavel M. Kartashov collection[Britholite-(Y)]Zozulya et al. (2022)[Britholite-(Y)]Kalashnikov et al. (2016)[Britholite-(Ce)]Bazai et al. (2009)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+2 other references[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Sorokhtina et al. (2018)Trunilina et al. (2022)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ...[Britholite-(Ce)]Kapustin Yu.L. (1989)
    Slovakia
     
    [Tritomite-(Y)]Huraiová M. et al. (Lučenecká kotlina)[Britholite-(Y)]Uher et al. (Y)+1 other reference
    South Africa
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Giebel et al. (2017)[Britholite-(Ce)]Mitchell et al. (2006)[Britholite-(Y)][Britholite-(Ce)]Cairncross et al. (1995)[Britholite-(Ce)]Cairncross et al. (1995)[Britholite-(Ce)]Rozendaa et al. (2012)
    South Korea
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Jitsutaro Takubo (1941)[Britholite-(Ce)]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Spain
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Ковальчук et al. (2014)+1 other referenceAhijado et al (2005)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Mangas J. et al. (1996)[Britholite-(Ce)]Dill et al. (2023)Venturelli et al. (1984)+2 other references[Britholite-(Ce)]Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)[Britholite-(Ce)]Prado-Herrero et al. (2008)
    Sweden
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Strand (1999)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Strand (1999)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]RRUFF ID: R070412+1 other referenceAndersson et al. (2024)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Andersson et al. (2024)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Holtstam et al. (2005)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersson et al. (2024)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Andersson et al. (2024)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Holtstam et al. (2007)+1 other reference[Fluorbritholite-(Y)]Holtstam et al. (2007)[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersson et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Ce)]Andersson et al. (2024)
    Turkey
     
    Deady et al. (2019)Leo et al. (1974)+2 other references
    UK
     
    [Britholite-(Y)]Tindle (2008)[Britholite-(Y)]Smith et al. (2002)+2 other references
    Ukraine
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]Morozewicz (1904)[Britholite-(Ce)]Dubyna O.V. et al. (2020)[Britholite-(Ce)]Kogarko et al. (1995)
    USA
     
    [Britholite-(Ce)]www.koeln.netsurf.de (2001)Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)[Britholite-(Ce)]Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)[Britholite-(La)]Adams (2017)[Britholite-(Ce)]Eckel et al. (1997)[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011)+1 other reference[Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Charles Stern et al. (2016)[Britholite-(Ce)]Eckel et al. (1997)[Britholite-(Ce)]Eckel et al. (1997)[Britholite-(Y)]Eckel et al. (1997)[Britholite-(Ce)]Trela et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Ce)][Britholite-(Y)]Demark (2000)[Britholite-(Ce)]USGS Open File report 2010-5220A differentiated alkaline intrusion+1 other referenceGammons et al. (2024)[Britholite-(Y)]Castor et al. (2004)[Tritomite-(Y)]Jaffe et al. (1962)+1 other reference[Britholite-(Ce)]Smith et al. (2000)[Britholite-(Y)]Arthur Smith et al. (2008)
    Vietnam
     
    [Fluorbritholite-(Ce)]Feldman l.G. et al. (1987)
    Quick NavTopAbout Britholite GroupUnique IdentifiersIMA ClassificationPronunciationChemistryCrystal StructureSynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsOther InformationInternet LinksReferencesLocalitiesLocality List
     
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