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Penfieldite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Pb2Cl3(OH)
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellowish or bluish tints
Lustre:
Adamantine, Greasy
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
5.82 - 6.61
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in honour of US mineralogist Samuel Lewis Penfield (Catskill, New York, January 16, 1856 - August 12, 1906, South Woodstock, Connecticut), Yale University.
Type Locality:
ⓘLavrion Slag Localities, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece
Soluble in water, leaving a yellowish white lead oxychloride residue.


Unique Identifiers
First published:
1892
Type description reference:
Genth, F.A. (1892) On penfieldite, a new species. American Journal of Science: 144: 260-261.

Classification of Penfieldite

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Dana 8th ed.:
10.4.1.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
4 : A2(O,OH)Xq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
8.8.9

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Penfieldite
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellowish or bluish tints
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 4 onMohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {0001}.
Density:
5.82 - 6.61 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Penfieldite
Surface Relief:
Moderate

Chemistry of Penfieldite

Crystallography of Penfieldite
Click on an icon to view
Penfieldite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

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Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

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Crystal StructureMargarita mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta, Chile 2346
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.73 Å(FFF)
3.14 Å(FF)
3.31 Å(F)
2.744 Å(F)
2.563 Å(F)
2.266 Å(F)
5.70 Å(mF)

Geological Environment
General Appearance of Type Material:
Hexagonal crystals to 5 mm in length. With basalt termination or tapering.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Seawater modified slag deposits
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
ParalaurionitePhosgenite
Reference:
Genth, F.A. (1892) On penfieldite, a new species. American Journal of Science: 144: 260-261.

Other Language Names for Penfieldite

Common AssociatesHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mmm3.DC.Lucabindiite(K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br)Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mmm3.DC.Cuatrocapaite-(NH4)(NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m3.DC.Cuatrocapaite-(K)K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m3.DC.NapoliitePb2OFClTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mcm3.DC.TorrecillasiteNa(As,Sb)3+4O6ClOrth.3.DC.05ParalaurionitePbCl(OH)Mon. 2/m :B2/m3.DC.05LaurionitePbCl(OH)Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)3.DC.05Mauriziodiniite(NH4)(As2O3)2IHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mmm3.DC.05Russoite(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5Hex. 622 :P6223.DC.10FiedleritePb3FCl4(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m3.DC.15TelluroperitePb3TeO4Cl2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)3.DC.20LaurelitePb7F12Cl2Hex.6 :P63.DC.25ZhangpeishaniteBaFClTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm3.DC.25MatlockitePbFClTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm3.DC.25Zavaritskite(BiO)FTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm3.DC.25RorisiteCaFClTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm3.DC.25BismocliteBiOClTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm3.DC.25VegrandisiteBaCl2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma3.DC.30NadoritePbSbClO2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm3.DC.30PeritePbBiClO2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm3.DC.40ThorikositePb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I4/mmm3.DC.45MereheaditePb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2Mon.m3.DC.50BlixitePb8O5(OH)2Cl4Orth.3.DC.52RumseyitePb2OClFTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :I4/mmm3.DC.55Vladkrivovichevite[Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pmmn3.DC.55PinalitePb3WO5Cl2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)3.DC.57YeomanitePb2O(OH)ClOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma3.DC.60SymesitePb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2OTric.1 :P13.DC.60LorettoitePb7O6Cl2Orth.3.DC.62Sarawakite (of Frenzel)Sb, O, Cl (?)3.DC.65EcdemitePb6As3+2O7Cl4Mon. 2 :P213.DC.70MendipitePb3Cl2O2Orth. 222 :P2121213.DC.75DamaraitePb3Cl(OH)O2Orth.mm2 :Pmc213.DC.80OnoratoiteSb8Cl2O11Tric.1 :P13.DC.95BarstowitePb4Cl6(CO3) · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m

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    • References for PenfielditeⓘPanjsher Valley slag depositsMerkel et al. (2013)
    Austria
     
    Kolitsch et al. (2013)
    Chile
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Brugger et al. (2012)Freundlich+1 other reference
    Czech Republic
     
    C.Auer (2017)
    Greece
     
    Fritz Schreiber collectionGelaude et al. (1996)Gelaude et al. (1996)no description given yet]+1 other referenceHerbert Smith et al. (1899)+6 other referencesRieck et al. (2018)Gelaude et al. (1996)Gelaude et al. (1996)Lacroix et al. (1908)+1 other reference
    Italy
     
    Palombi et al. (2009)Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin)www.comune.pisa.it (2000)Franzini et al. (1992)+2 other references
    Poland
     
    Kucha (2021)Kucha (2021)
    South Africa
     
    Barkov et al. (2001)
    Spain
     
    Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...Dill et al. (2023)Rewitzer et al. (2018)Van den Berg et al. (2020)
    Tunisia
     
    Kutzke et al. (1997)
    UK
     
    BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
    USA
     
    Ream (1995)
    Vietnam
     
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