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Anorthite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored byRobert M. Hazen
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Named in 1823 by Gustav Rose from the Greek αν and oρθός, "not right angle" or "oblique", in allusion to the oblique triclinic form of the crystals.
Type Locality:
ⓘMount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy
Polymorph of:
Dmisteinbergite,Stöfflerite,Svyatoslavite
Feldspar Group.

Ca-rich end member of theplagioclase (Albite-Anorthite Series).

High- and low-temperature structural modifications exist.

Chemically and stoichiometrically very similar tolawsonite (which contains OH groups and H2O molecules, however).

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Anorthite.



Unique Identifiers

Classification of Anorthite

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.9.2

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, reddish grey, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 - 6½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}, less so on {010}, imperfect on {110}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
2.74 - 2.76 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.76 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Anorthite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v weak

Chemistry of Anorthite
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Na,K

Chemical Analysis
Click on an icon to view
Anorthite no.89 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Anorthite no.126 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

Toggle
Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal StructureMigahe-Jima, Japan 156
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.19 Å(100)
3.18 Å(91)
3.21 Å(63)
3.26 Å(52)
4.04 Å(48)
3.12 Å(39)
3.62 Å(33)
Comments:
Monte Somma, Italy. Pattern is for the low structural modification.

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany, numbers 1999-0087, 1999-0088 (type?).

Synonyms of Anorthite

Other Language Names for Anorthite

Varieties of AnorthiteBytowniteAplagioclase feldspar with an albite : anorthite molar ratio ranging from 10 : 90 to 30 : 70.

May show labradorescence (comparelabradorite).

The original material, a greenish-white substance, was found in a boulder near Bytown (now Ottawa), and later...LabradoriteAplagioclase feldspar with an albite : anorthite molar ratio ranging from 30 : 70 to 50 : 50.
An intermediate member of theAlbite-Anorthite Series.

Labradorite can display an iridescent optical effect (or schiller) known aslabradorescence.
The cause ...LindsayiteAn altered anorthite.Lynx EyeVariety of labradorite with green iridescence.Oregon SunstoneSunstone with inclusions ofcopper instead ofhematite.
Crystallographically oriented nanocrystals ofprotoenstatite andclinoenstatite in association withcopper nanocrystals are responsible for the unusual green and “watermelon” coloration of the or...SpectroliteA variety oflabradorite (strictly,anorthite) showing stronglabradorescence due to very fine exsolution ofK-feldspar.

Relationship of Anorthite to other Species
Other Members of Plagioclase:
AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)Tric.1

Common AssociatesHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.FA.HexacelsianBaAl2Si2O8Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mcm9.FA.Wodegongjieite KCa3(Al7Si9)O32Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.FA.05Panunzite(K,Na)AlSiO4Hex. 6 :P639.FA.05Yoshiokaite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O4]Trig.3 :P39.FA.05NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)Hex. 6 :P639.FA.05TrinephelineNaAlSiO4Hex. 6 :P619.FA.05Davidsmithite(Ca,◻)2Na6Al8Si8O32Hex. 6 :P639.FA.05KaliophiliteKAlSiO4Trig. 3 :P39.FA.05KalsiliteKAlSiO4Hex. 622 :P63229.FA.05CarnegieiteNaAlSiO4Tric.9.FA.05MegakalsiliteKAlSiO4Hex. 6 :P639.FA.05TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 :P639.FA.10MalinkoiteNaBSiO4Hex. 6 :P639.FA.15VirgiliteLiAlSi2O6Hex. 622 :P62229.FA.25LisitsyniteKBSi2O6Orth. 222 :P2229.FA.30FerrisanidineK[Fe3+Si3O8]Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.FA.30Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2 :P219.FA.30RubiclineRb(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.FA.30MonalbiteNaAlSi3O8Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.FA.30MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)Tric.19.FA.30 vaGermanate-celsianBaAl2Ge2O89.FA.30CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m9.FA.30SanidineK(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.FA.30OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.FA.35ReedmergneriteNaBSi3O8Tric.1 :P19.FA.35AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)Tric.19.FA.40ParacelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.FA.45SvyatoslaviteCa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2 :P219.FA.45KumdykoliteNa(AlSi3O8)Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnnm9.FA.50SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.FA.55LisetiteCaNa2Al4Si4O16Orth.mm29.FA.60StronalsiteNa2SrAl4Si4O16Orth.9.FA.60BanalsiteNa2BaAl4Si4O16Orth.mm2 :Iba29.FA.65MaleeviteBaB2Si2O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma9.FA.65PekoviteSrB2Si2O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma9.FA.65DanburiteCaB2Si2O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.FA.70LiebermanniteKAlSi3O8Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.FA.70Lingunite(Na,Ca)AlSi3O8Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.FA.70StöffleriteCaAl2Si2O8Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.FA.75PfaffenbergiteKNa3(Al4Si12)O32Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.FA.75KokchetaviteK(AlSi3O8)Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc

Other InformationGranitoid
  • Syenitoid
  • Gabbroid
  • Anorthositoid
  • Foid-syenitoid
  • Foid-gabbroid
  • Coarse-grained-ultramafic-rock
  • Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
  • Metamorphic rock

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • References for AnorthiteⓘLadjuar MedamRWMW Collection
    Africa
     
    Marcelot et al. (1985)+4 other references
    Albania
     
    Váczi-Lovász et al. (2024)Váczi-Lovász et al. (2024)
    Algeria
     
    Vorobyov (2023)Weber et al. (1992, March)J.P. Lorand and J.Y. CottinAnorthite+2 other referencesMa et al. (2017)Lustrino et al. (2016)Eur. J. Mineral.Eur. J. Mineral.www.lpi.usra.edu (2020)
    Angola
     
    Lapido-Loureiro+1 other referenceSighinolfi et al. (1990)Eur. J. Mineral.
    Antarctica
     
    Johnson et al. (1982)Delaney et al. (1988)McKay et al. (1990)Grossman et al. (1995)Semenova et al. (1992, March)Lin et al. (1991)Hiroi et al. (2023)American Mineralogist- (n.d.)Hiroi et al. (2010)Markl et al. (1999)Mukherjee et al. (1986)Kojima et al. (1995)+1 other referenceKojima et al. (1995)+1 other referenceYanai (1993)+2 other referencesA. J. Brearley (1990)Han et al. (2012)Downes et al. (2008)Harrington et al. (1967)+1 other referenceKyle (1990)Horne et al. (1967)+1 other referenceSmellie et al. (1984)Barton (1965)Mozer (2012)Craddock et al. (1964)LeMasurier et al. (1982)+3 other references
    Argentina
     
    Boctor et al. (1987)Keil (2012)+1 other referenceSymes et al. (1970)Grossman (1999)+1 other referenceZappettini et al. (2014)Pagano et al. (2016)+1 other referenceMusso et al. (2022)Mogessie et al. (2000)Hugo A. Peña (1970)
    Armenia
     
    Nazarov et al. (1993)Bowell et al. (2021)
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Gablina et al. (2006)Lein et al. (2010)Gablina et al. (2017)Sharkov et al. (2007)Milinovic+6 other referencesGablina et al. (2017)
    Australia
     
    Stevens (1972)Hodge-Smith (1924)Lovering (1975)Chalmers (1941)Chalmers (1941)Chalmers (1941)Crawford (1973)Smith et al. (1988)Russell et al. (1997)Mason B. (1979)Vickery et al. (2010)Garcia et al. (1978)McKinnon et al. (2017)Fitzherbert et al. (2017)Telus et al. (2014)Henley et al. (2001)Gulson et al. (1985)Worner et al. (et al)Mason (1987)Pearson et al. (1991)Zia U. BajwahMcColl et al. (1979)Ransom (1978)Huckitta 1996Hudson et al. (1966)+1 other referenceRalph S Bottrill CollectionEdwardsHutcheon et al. (1982)J. S. Delaney et al. (1985)Brugger et al. (2006)Keller (1993)Weisberg et al. (2009)Alderman (1940)+1 other referenceSutherland et al. (1967)TaheriGriffin (1982)Sorrell (n.d.)www.crocoite.com (2003)Shayan (1984)MacPherson et al. (1983)Jacobson et al. (2007)Barnes et al. (2020)Booth (1989)263-269. ( Sept 1986)+1 other referenceSimpson (1948)Simpson (1951)SimpsonDelaney et al. (1982)A New Siderolite from Bencubbin+2 other referencesTrommsdorff et al. (1968)Dalstra et al. (2023)Simpson (1948)Simpson et al. (1948)Grguric (2003)www.meteorites.com.auNew Material From+1 other reference
    Austria
     
    Hiessleitner (1951)H. Meixner: 32 (3)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Meixner (1967)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Carinthia II (2017)ERTL et al. (2008)Fechner et al. (1985)Asenbaum et al. (2025)Exel (1993)Exel (1993)Löffler et al. (2011)Libowitzky et al. (2012)Miller et al. (2005)Alker (1956)Aufschluss 1972 (SB)Postl et al. (1996)Postl et al. (1996)Taucher (1989)PostlC.Auer (2016)C.Auer (2016)Krause et al. (2025)
    Bangladesh
     
    Powell (1971)+1 other referenceUddin et al. (2022)
    Belarus
     
    Mason B. (1979)
    Belgium
     
    Hatert et al. (2002)Hatert et al. (2002)Hatert et al. (2002)Hatert et al. (2002)
    Bolivia
     
    Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
     
    Putiš et al. (2022)
    Brazil
     
    Leandro et al. (2022)Cordani (1970)+4 other referencesdoi.org/10.1007/BF00302491+6 other referencesSantos (2012)Jost et al. (2001)Steele et al. (1976)Jour. of South American Earth Sci. ...Allan et al. (1989)Salgado et al. (2019)Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)Duke et al. (1967)+1 other referenceSmith et al. (1933)+9 other referencesRiches (2012)de Hollanda et al. (2017)Souza Neto et al. (2008)Lewis et al. (2016)Pinto V. et al. (2011)de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
    Bulgaria
     
    JANÁK et al. (2011)Szopa+9 other referencesSvetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007)Milenkov et al. (2022)Panayotova et al. (2025)
    Burkina Faso
     
    Grossman et al. (2000)+1 other reference
    Cambodia
     
    Lacombe (1969)+2 other references
    Cameroon
     
    Wandji et al. (2010)
    Canada
     
    Webster et al. (1992)albite alunite andalusite andesine ...Telus et al. (2014)Peatfield (n.d.)Zhu et al. (2018)Sabina (1972)- (n.d.)Phillips (1979)Phillips (1979)Bristol et al. (1989)Bernier (1990)[ ]WaardEvansGrice (1989)Dana et al. (1892)EvansGrice (1989)Traill (1970)www.alpinegems.netLi et al. (2021)Don DoellPapezik et al. (1981)Roach et al. (1998)Grant (2009)Dakota Matrix Mineralswww.geologyontario.mndmf.gov.on.ca (n.d.)www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)Lloyd Van DuzenE. William Heinrich (1962)www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)António Manuel Ináçio Martins.Coleman (1900)T. Tagai et al.determinations by accelerator mass ...+1 other referenceN.T. Pettigrew and K.H. HattoriGeological Survey of Canada+1 other referenceMason (1976)Olivier Langelier CollectionSpray et al. (2023)Velthuizen (1993)Sabina (1986)+1 other referenceSchilling et al. (2011)O'Neill (1914)Eur. J. Mineral.Beaudin et al. (2024)Beaudin et al. (2024)Htoon (1979)Färber (n.d.)
    Cape Verde
     
    Bebiano (1932)+1 other reference
    Central African Republic
     
    Hoinkes et al. (1975)
    Chad
     
    Vincent (Sahara du Tchad)+4 other references
    Chile
     
    Aguirre et al. (1998)Kimura et al. (1991)Petrov (n.d.)+1 other referenceCisternas et al. (2006)Cisternas et al. (2006)Cisternas et al. (2006)Cisternas et al. (2006)British Natural History Museum online ...Woolley (1987)samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ...
    China
     
    Yusheng Zhai et al. (1996)Yu et al. (1994)Jiyue Xue et al. (1999)Tian et al. (2023)Shanming Fu et al. (2005)Zhongli Tang (1990)Lishe Wang et al. (2008)Meng et al. (2023)Wei et al. (2024)Teng et al. (2025)Liangshu Shu et al. (2004)Liangshu Shu et al. (2004)Lin Jun (2006)Zheng et al. (2015)Zhang et al. (2024)Xie et al. (2022)Jiahua Pan et al. (1993)Rambaldi et al. (1984)Zhai et al. (2018)Enguang Zang et al. (2009)Ouyang et al. (2023)Jingwen Mao et al. (2006)Bai et al. (2025)Jianhong Zhang et al. (1989)Zhang et al. (2023)Yang et al. (2022)Huifang Liu and Qi Lu (2008)Jingwen Mao et al. (1996)Li et al. (2022)Li et al. (2024)Qingchang Meng (1981)Hongquan She et al. (2006)Youbin Liang (1981)Huang et al. (2025)Terribilini et al. (2000)Yiming Zhao et al. (2008)Chuanxian Lin and Zheru Zhang (1984)Cao et al. (2024)Mingxing Shi and Guirong Gao (2006)Song et al. (2022)+1 other referenceZhou Guoqing (1997)+1 other referenceZicheng Chen (1991)Matsuda (1969)Zhang et al. (2025)Hanwen Zhang (2001)Chen et al. (2023)Chang et al. (2024)Miao Yu et al. (2013)Huiwen Liu et al. (2014)Wang et al. (2009)Xiong et al. (2025)Yuan et al. (2019)Wang et al. (2025)Qiu et al. (2017)Liu et al. (2024)Jiankang Li et al. (2006)+1 other referenceCongde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991)Fuwen Chen (1990)Tinggao Xia et al. (2005)Xu et al. (2019)+1 other referenceBao Peisheng et al. (2007)Wang et al. (2021)Yanling Tang (2005)Li et al. (2022)Fengmei Chai et al. (2006)Jin et al. (2024)Jiaxin Zhang (2003)+1 other referenceYan et al. (2021)Ruan+3 other referencesRui Wang and Yongfeng Zhu (2010)Han et al. (2007)+1 other referenceWang (2024)Wang et al. (2024)Shen Ping et al. (2007)Xianfan Liu et al. (2009)Xiaoming Qu et al. (2004)Huijuan Peng et al. (2014)Wang et al. (2024)Zhou et al. (2022)
    Colombia
     
    Barboza-Miranda et al. (2025)Betancur-Figueroa et al. (2020)
    Cook Islands
     
    Wood et al. (1970)+4 other referencesWood et al. (1970)+3 other references
    Costa Rica
     
    E.L. Clopton collection
    Cuba
     
    Pujol-Solà et al. (2020)Ríos et al. (1984)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Roesler (1917)Maresch et al. (2012)
    Czech Republic
     
    Sýkorová et al. (2016)Vtělenský J. (1959)Žáček et al. (1995)Dolníček et al. (2018)Zachariáš et al. (2014)Č+4 other referencesMatýsek D.KruťaKuttna+1 other referenceNovak et al. (2010)+2 other referencesKalendaHavelcová et al. (2020)ČernýHouzar et al. (2008)Litochleb (1997)www.mineralos.cz (2003)Pauliš et al. (2021)Ulrych et al. (1989)Žáček VŽáček VŽáček VŽáček et al. (2005)Ulrych et al. (1983)+11 other referencesUlrych (2000)Ackerman et al. (2025)von Engelhardt (1963)HouzarHouzar+5 other references
    Djibouti
     
    Iltireh et al. (2024)Iltireh et al. (2024)
    Dominican Republic
     
    Broda et al. (2022)
    DR Congo
     
    Roccati (1907)Roccati (1907)Villeneuve et al. (2022)
    Ecuador
     
    Alejandro Felix
    Egypt
     
    Methot et al. (1975)El-Desoky et al. (2023)Mogahed (2016)Abdelfadil et al. (2025)El Ramly+4 other referencesAtef et al. (2023)El-Dokouny et al. (2023)Atef et al. (2023)Zoheir et al. (2020)Helmy et al. (1995)
    El Salvador
     
    ...
    Ethiopia
     
    exemple de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (5-6)+8 other referencesGebregziabher (1998)Brotzu et al. (Main Ethiopian Rift)+3 other references
    Eurasian Plate
     
    Ki Choi et al. (2024)+1 other referenceSun et al. (2020)
    Europe
     
    Qiao et al. (2024)
    Finland
     
    Barkov et al. (1999a)Fröhlich et al. (2021)J. Dyer collectionwww.gemmo.eu (n.d.)Hytönen (1999)Mason B. (1979)Kärkkäinen et al. (1999)HytönenAarne LaitakariHawthorne et al. (1996)Jaakko Kurki CollectionHenri Koskinen Collection
    France
     
    Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...R. PierrotSpecimen to R.Fialip collection 2010 ...Brousse+3 other referencesM. Christophe Michel-LévyFORESTIER F. H. (1969)Collected by Guy Pégère and François ...PERINET F. (2009)Forestier (1964)Chatagnier et al. (2024)Grew (1977)C. Cotonian et al.Brousse+15 other referencesBrousse+1 other referenceLacroix (1893)Brousse+13 other referencesLACROIX A. (1894)BrousseBailey+7 other referencesBrousse+7 other referencesLemanski (n.d.)Brousse+3 other referencesA. F. Noonan et al. (1977)F. André and J. BéhienF. André and J. BéhienF. André and J. BéhienF. André and J. BéhienF. André and J. BéhienBrousse et al. (1964)+1 other referenceChauris (2014)Brearley et al. (1998)Delesse (1848)+1 other referenceChubb et al. (1927)+8 other referencesLegendre C. et al. (2005)Blais et al. (1997)+2 other referencesMcbirney et al. (1968)+2 other referencesLacroix (1904)ARLIGUIE Michel collectionKuntz et al. (2025)Ch. Lefèvre and Ph. CocusseHewins (2014)Lacroix (1910)Cluzel et al. (2024)Mason B. (1979)Farrington (1901)D. CoffrantQueneau (n.d.)Lacroix (1893)Queneau (n.d.)Bull. Minéral.Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ...G. Trolliard et al.+1 other referenceEtier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004)R. PierrotAmbert et al. (2014)TREILLARD Michel colllectionFavreau G. et al. (2004)Abdel-Karim et al. (1989)Abdel-Karim et al. (1989)Mari et al. (1979)Lougnon (continent et Iles du Levant)+1 other reference
    Gabon
     
    Maier et al. (2015)
    Germany
     
    Nickel (1947)Habel (2009)Mason B. (1979)Wittern (2001)Dill et al. (2012)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Koritnig (1954)Wittern (2001)Bender et al. (1994)Ramdohr et al. (1969)Kratzsch (2006)Loock et al. (1990)Personally collected by Günter FrenzWeiß et al. (1999)Brauns (1922)Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe)Hentschel (1983)BlassBlassLeu (2017)Künzel et al. (2011)Hentschel (1983)+1 other referenceBrauns (1922)Koch (1886)Thomas Lühr CollectionFrenzel (1874)Juliane R. CollectionLapis 30 (7/8)Wittern (2001)H. Vollstädt et al. (Dresden)Leopardi et al. (2024)Wittern (2001)Witzke et al. (1998)Hanneberg et al. (2009)+1 other reference
    Greece
     
    Uwe Kolitsch (unpublished SEM-EDS data)Baltatzis (1981)Rieck et al. (2018)Wang et al. (2017)Mposkos et al. (2011)Vasilatos et al. (2023)Voudouris et al. (2019)Liati et al. (1994)Grosche et al. (2023)33-35+2 other referencesSotiropoulou et al. (2010)Färber (n.d.)
    Greenland
     
    Benson (1940)Bøggild (1953)Deer (1963)Brooks et al. (1982)Bøggild (1953)Vereshchagin et al. (2024)Thomassen et al. (2006, February)+1 other referenceWilliams (1984)Bøggild (1953)+1 other reference
    Grenada
     
    Olsen (2011)
    Haiti
     
    Harnish et al. (1986)
    Hungary
     
    Kovács et al. (2003)Kohút et al. (2019)Szabó et al. (1993)+1 other referenceBrearley et al. (1998)+1 other referenceSándor et al. (2005)EGU / EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly et al. (Bakony-Balaton Highland)XVI ECROFI European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions et al. (Eds F. Noronha, A. Dória and A. Guedes)
    Iceland
     
    Furman et al. (2025)Günter Frenz collectionBlake (1966)Jackson et al. (2019)Martin et al. (2007)+1 other reference
    India
     
    LeelanandamGrossman (2000)+1 other referenceRandive et al. (2020)BHOWMIK (2000)Mohammad et al. (2022)Bhattacharjee et al. (2012)Mineralogical Society of America - ...+1 other referenceNarayanan Kutty et al. (1977)RARE-EARTHSRavindra Kumar et al. (1989)Srinivasan et al. (1996)+1 other referenceMason B. (1979)Gotze+7 other referencesSen et al. (20112)Rout et al. (2022)Mineralogical Studies of Metasomatized ...+1 other referenceSisodia et al. (2001)Shukla et al. (1997)Deb (1980)Brearley (1996)+2 other referencesBridges et al. (1995)GSA Bulletin+4 other referencesSharma et al. (2006)Saiki (1995)Schwartz et al. (2001)Mason (1963)
    Indian Ocean
     
    Maciąg et al. (2019)
    Indonesia
     
    Econ Geol (1977)SmithsonianKnuever et al. (2023)Richard W. Henley+12 other referencesVan Leeuwen (1981)+1 other referenceQi et al. (2024)Dani Lukman Hakim (2016)Abdurrachman et al. (2012)Idrus et al. (2009)
    Iran
     
    Stalder (1971)Fadaeian et al. (2022)Nezafati et al. (2017)Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)Altenberger et al. (2022)Shahbazi et al. (2019)Rahmani et al. (2020)Powell (1971)
    Iraq
     
    Kettanah (2023)
    Ireland
     
    Rutley (1902)David Jordan (1999)
    Israel
     
    Griffin et al. (2016)Stan+4 other referencesBritvin et al. (2021)+1 other referenceKruszewski et al. (2021)Britvin et al. (2019)Galuskina et al. (2025)Gross (1977)
    Italy
     
    Russo et al. (2004)Scacchi (1882)Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico ...Rose. G. (1823)Alfonso Frías Forcada CollectionDe Stefani (1905)Russo et al. (2004)Manasse (1902 b)www.gmgn.it (n.d.)Badham (1997)Scacchi (1882)Scacchi (1882)Scacchi (1882)+2 other referencesPanikorovskii et al. (2017)+2 other referencesMason (1971)+2 other referencesMorandi et al. (1982)Federico et al. (2002)De Michele (1974)Antonio Borrelli collection - visual ...Stoppa et al. (2019)Antonio Borrelli collection - visual ...Antonio Borrelli collection - visual ...Stoppani et al. (1982)Lacroix (1917)Parodi et al. (1996)Collected & analyzed by Rossano CarliniStoppani et al. (1982)Signoretti et al. (2001)Cresta et al. (2002)Begini (2021)+1 other referenceCarliniCarlini et al. (2017)Zambonini F. (1900)+1 other referenceMarchesini et al. (2025)Maida (2002)Maida (2002)Cerea et al. (2019)Tumiati et al. (2018)Marchesini et al. (2025)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Roccati (1903)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Sessa et al. (2017)Franciosi et al. (2019)Stara et al. (1999)Franceschelli M. et al. (2005)+11 other referencesSimeone et al. (1999)Conte et al. (2010)Lustrino et al. (1999)Henry Stephens Washington (1908)Pichler (1980)Renzulli+4 other referencesBergeat (1900)Alletti et al. (2005)S. Tonarini et al.Colacicchi (1963)+2 other referencesCivetta L. et al. (1998)Beccaluva et al. (1981)+1 other referenceRotolo et al. (2006)+1 other referenceDe Michele (1974)+1 other referenceDe Michele (1974)De Michele (1974)De Michele (1974)Exel (1987)De Michele (1974)Liotti L. (Grosseto)Innocenti F. et al. (1997)+1 other referenceD'Achiardi (1872-73)Brizzi G. et al. (FI)Brizzi G. (1996)Brizzi G. (1996)D'Achiardi (1872-73)Trua et al. ( 2002)+1 other referenceLaurenzi et al. (1994)+8 other referencesMattioli et al. (2016)Fabris et al. (2014)
    Ivory Coast
     
    Coulibaly et al. (2025)
    Japan
     
    Kuno (1960)+1 other referenceSatori et al. (2025)- (n.d.)Matsuyama (2001)Bulletin of the National Science Museum et al. (4)Osakabe et al. (1983)Koide (1951)MORISHITA et al. (2001)Malaviarachchi et al. (2010)Matsubara (2003)Petrov (n.d.)Huzita (1971)- (n.d.)Yoji Arakawa (2008)Tokiko Tiba (1989)Tokiko Tiba (1989)Tokiko Tiba (1989)Zyunpei Harada (1936)Petrov (n.d.)+1 other referenceNishida (1994)unpublished analysisPetrov (n.d.)Banno et al. (2009)奥村滋. (1986)- (n.d.)Quartieri et al. (1990)Petrov (n.d.)Sueoka Y (2013)Kato (1922)Matsueda (1983)Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus.+1 other referenceNishiyama (1983)Tainosho (1974)Petrov (n.d.)Masaru Yamaguchi (1964)HARUMoto (1952)+1 other referenceMasaru Yamaguchi (1964)Tomita (1936)+5 other referencesMasaru Yamaguchi (1964)Kato (1924)Itaru Ogitsu: Origin of composition ...Alfredo Petrov - field observationsPXRD by John AttardNishida (1994)photo in: Koubutsu Doshikai (2017)Can Mineral February 1+2 other referencesPetrov (n.d.)classic specimens widely distributed in ...+1 other referenceSadanaga et al. (1974)
    Jordan
     
    Pitty et al. (2010)Galuskin et al. (2023)+2 other referencesBritvin et al. (2023)+1 other referenceKhoury et al. (1982)+2 other references
    Kazakhstan
     
    2: 322-324+2 other referencesKomatsu et al. (2001)
    Kenya
     
    Baker (1963)+1 other referenceWhite et al. (2012)Saggerson (1991)+1 other referenceRout et al. (2008)Rix (1973)+4 other referencesScott (1980)+4 other referencesWaweru (2020)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Soloviev (2011)
    Libya
     
    Lustrino et al. (2012)Goudarzi (1970)+1 other referenceIkeda et al. (2000)Meteoritical Bull. 84 (Aug.2000)Zhang et al. (2013)
    Lithuania
     
    Steele et al. (1982)Bukovanská et al. (1991)+2 other references
    Madagascar
     
    Lacroix (1941)+1 other referenceBesaire (1966)Lautel (1953)James+8 other referencesMajmundar (1970)Majmundar (1970)Collection Musée National de la ...Schwarz et al. (1996)Rakotondrazafy et al. (1996)Besaire (1966)Mineralogical Society of America - ...+1 other referenceRakotondrazafy et al. (1996)Besaire (1966)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-61Besaire (1966)Delbos (1955)Royal Museum for Central AfricaSavornin (1934)pers. com. K.E.Larsen april 2006Lacroix (1922)Frank K. Mazdab collectionBehier (1963)pers. com. K.E.Larsen april 2006pers. com. K.E.Larsen april 2006www.madagascarminerals.com (n.d.)Lacroix (1922)Di Cecco (2013)Lacroix (1922)Lacroix (1922)rockPTXBesaire (1966)B. Devouard et al. : "Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites")Nicollet (1990)Lacroix (1912)+3 other referencesLacroix (1922)Lacroix (1922)John Sobolewski photo and specimenGroat+5 other referencesCheilletz et al. (2001)Cheilletz et al. (2001)Cheilletz et al. (2001)
    Malawi
     
    Henn et al. (1990)
    Malaysia
     
    Tayor (1971)
    Mauritania
     
    Berger et al. (2013)- (2010)- (2010)Duke (1978) ...+1 other reference- (2010)
    Mauritius
     
    Baxter et al. (1985)
    Mexico
     
    Hernández-Herrera et al. (2025)Collectors Edge specimensImai H. and Yurimoto H. (2000)+5 other references ...Morgan (2017)Morgan (2017)Gupta (2015)Ruzicka et al. (2006)
    Middle East
     
    Mittlefehldt (1984)+2 other referencesGross (1977)+1 other reference
    Mongolia
     
    Soloviev et al. (2022)Andreyeva et al. (1987)Savina et al. (2020)Kovalenko et al. (1995)Peretyazhko et al. (2017)Peretyazhko et al. (2018)Peretyazhko et al. (2018)Peretyazhko et al. (2017)
    Morocco
     
    Connolly et al. (2007)+3 other referencesIvanova et al. (2002)Riches et al. (2012)Pang et al. (2016)Verhaert et al. (2018)JÉRÉMINE (1955)+1 other referenceGentil+4 other referencesEl Adnani et al. (2016)
    Mozambique
     
    Pardieu et al. (2013)TORRE DE ASSUNCAO et al. (1962)
    Myanmar
     
    Guo et al. (2016)Themelis (2008)
    Namibia
     
    Ewart et al. (1998)Mathias (1956)+8 other referencesDziggel et al. (2009)
    Nazca Plate
     
    Zawadzki et al. (2022)
    New Zealand
     
    Railton et al. (1990)Hiess et al. (2007)Speight (1943)Carlson et al. (1974)ThorntonCody et al. (1981)Railton et al. (1990)HobdenUlrich (1890)Benson (1942)+1 other referenceMossman et al. (2000)Mossman et al. (2000)Railton et al. (1990)Brearley et al. (1998)Railton et al. (1990)Wodzicki et al. (1970)Waight (1995)
    Nicaragua
     
    Hynek et al. (2013)
    Niger
     
    Black+3 other references
    Nigeria
     
    Fuhrman et al. (1981)
    North Africa
     
    Mikouchi et al. (200O)+2 other references
    North Macedonia
     
    Prelević et al. (2008)+1 other reference
    Northwest Africa
     
    - (2004, July)
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Rubin et al. (2017)Srinivasan et al. (2018)Treiman et al. (2023)Russell et al. (2003)+1 other referenceXie et al. (2024) ...+2 other referenceswww.lpi.usra.edu (2014)Fintor et al. (2014)Moggi-Cecchi et al. (2007) ...+4 other referencesAnorthite+2 other referencesMa et al. (2024)Ruzicka et al. (2014)Houde et al. (2023)Mikouchi et al. (2012)+1 other referenceZhang et al. (2020)
    Norway
     
    Sæther (1942)Goldschmidt (1911)Garmo et al. (2017)Wilke (1976)Wilke (1976) ...Root et al. (2005)Mason (1967)Heldal+29 other referencesGeological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Duchesne (ed.)Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Svensen (2004)Geological Survey of Norway. The ...Jamtveit et al. (1997)Cadow (1993)Evans (1997)Bøe (2001)Sigurd Stordal collectionHiorthdahl (1877)Porter (2014)Porter (2014)Geological Survey of Norway. The ...
    Oman
     
    Arai+4 other referencesIvanova et al. (2003, March)Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2003)Zhang et al. (2009)+1 other referenceMeteoritical Bulletin et al. (2000)Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2008)Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2001)The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 86 et al. (2002)Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2003)www.lpi.usra.edu (n.d.)Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2003)- (2004, July)- (2004, July)
    Pacific Ocean
     
    R. Hekinian et al.Yang et al. (2024)Wheat et al. (2008)Astakhova et al. (2014)[var: Labradorite]Astakhova et al. (2014)Yan et al. (2024)
    Pakistan
     
    imported from Neelum ValleyBlauwet et al. (2004)Wang et al. (2022)+1 other referenceOkrusch et al. (1976)Okrusch et al. (1976)Jan et al. (2022)
    Palestine
     
    Gross (1977)
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Downes (1994)Smith (1976)+1 other referenceTraill (1961)Lowder (1970)
    Paraguay
     
    Woolley (1987)Woolley (1987)
    Peru
     
    Eur. J. Mineral.
    Philippines
     
    Ruth et al. (2021)H. J. Axon and M. J. Nasir (1977)Fournelle et al. (1996)Cao et al. (2018)
    Poland
     
    Włodyka et al. (2015)Wojciechowski J. 1955: O żyłach ...Wojciechowski J. 1955: O żyłach ...Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)www.kamienna-gora.eu (2020)Birkenmajer et al. (2002)+1 other referenceP.119-129+1 other referenceHeflik W. (Lower Silesia)Lis et al. (1986)Borkowska (1985)Kruszewski et al. (2012)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Gil et al. (2019)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Berg G. (1910)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Awdankiewicz (2013)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Szumowska M. et al. (Lower Silesia)Kłos T. at all (1967)Kozłowska-Koch (1981)+2 other referencesKarwowski Ł. 2003: The new ...+1 other reference ...Grabarczyk et al. (2022)Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD data+1 other referencePierwołaCiesielczuk et al. (2014)Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data
    Portugal
     
    Oliveira et al. (2025)L. Miguel Gaspar and Carlos M. C. Inverno (2000)Gaspar et al. (2000)geoportal.lneg.pt (n.d.)Rui Nunes 2010Josep Sanchez LaFuente i Mariol field ...Morais+2 other references
    Republic of the Congo
     
    Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
    Romania
     
    Papp et al. (2005)SzakállSzakáll et al. (2010)Pál Molnár (2000)Michel‐Lévy (1988)Călin et al. (2025)Holban et al. (2016)
    Russia
     
    Konev et al. (1993)I.I Likhanov et al.Kepezhinskas et al. (2023)Vakh et al. (2009, October)+1 other referenceSklyarov et al. (2016)Sklyarov et al. (2016)Krot et al. (2008)Doroshkevich et al. (2012)Kiseleva et al. (2022)Spiridonov et al. (2019)Spiridonov et al. (2019, April)Spiridonov et al. (2018)Kislov+1 other referencePlotinskaya et al. (2015)Filina et al. (2019)Filina et al. (2019)Cesnokov et al. (1998)Chesnokov et al. (1989)+2 other referencesSharygin et al. (2010)Sorokina et al. (2019)Victor Grigorievich Korinevsky et al. (16)Kolisnichenko et al. (2008)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Mazurov et al. (2007)Buravleva et al. (2016)Gramenitskiy et al. (2019)Grossman et al. (1986)Anastasiya SERGEEVA (2023)Palyanova et al. (2023)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Rappenglück (2022)Shchipalkina et al. (2020)Erik Vercammen collectionPavel.M. Kartashov data.Anan’ev et al. (2011)Sandimirova et al. (2014)Anan’ev et al. (2011)Kassandrov et al. (2009)Soloviev et al. (2022)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Migdisova et al. (1988)Kokh et al. (2023)Pekov (1998)Frank K. Mazdab collection (see https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-226-to-fkm-250/#FKM-226 for normalized analyses)Sluzhenikin et al. (2015)Shchukina et al. (Vol. 473, No. 1, pp. 333-337)Erokhin et al. (2017, December)Sklyarov+5 other referencesSklyarov+5 other referencesSklyarov et al. (2023)Sklyarov et al. (2021)+1 other referenceKolova et al. (2023)Sushchenko et al. (2023)Groshev et al. (2019)Yefimov et al. (1986)+1 other reference ...A. N. Korobeinikov et al. (1998)Goryunov et al. (2023)Goryunov et al. (2023)Orsoev et al. (1985)+1 other reference[var: Labradorite] ...Huber et al. (2015)Grokhovskaya et al. (2000)Smol’kin et al. (2023)Bazai et al. (2009)Kalinin et al. (2024)Podlipsky et al. (2007)Steele et al. (1982)Ivanov (1975)Erokhin et al. (2018)Gvozdev (2001)Eur. J. Mineral.Ivashchenko (2024)Svetova et al. (2022)Svetov et al. (2023)[World of Stones 12:49]Trunilina et al. (2021)Shadenkov (1989)Kostin (2021)Kudrin et al. (2020)Trunilina et al. (2022)Trunilina et al. (2022)Ganino et al. (2019)Zhitova et al. (2025)Duke et al. (1967)+1 other referenceMikhailov et al. (2021)Anikina et al. (2014)Garuti et al. (2003)Shabutdinov et al. (2024)Holmberg et al. (1990)Soloviev et al. (2013)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Lorenz et al. (2000)Prokof’ev et al. (2007)
    Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
     
    Le Maitre (1959)+5 other references
    Saint Kitts and Nevis
     
    Saint Lucia
     
    M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al.
    Samoa
     
    Kear+4 other references
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Camp et al. (1989)+2 other referencesAbuamarah et al. (2023)Fredriksson et al. (1986)
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra P. et al. (2008)Koděra (1986)[[1]]ReatoKoděra (1986)M. Huraiova et al.Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Ďuďa (1993)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)+2 other referencesMyšľan P et al. (2020)BacsóKoděra (1986)DudaKoděra (1986)ĎuďaĎuďaDuda et. all.
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Smith et al. (2021)Mineralogical Magazine 38 (293)+1 other referenceLabotka et al. (1980)Maier et al. (2023)Buchanan et al. (2000)McCall (2016)PMPB Meulenbeld collectionPMPB Meulenbeld collectionMandende (2014)+2 other referencesArmitage (2011)Li et al. (2004)Cairncross et al. (1995)McCall (2016)Atanasova et al. (2016)Ballhaus et al. (1986)Dzvinamurungu (2012)Smith et al. (2021)Kottke-Levin et al. (2008, December)Smith et al. (2013)Chris Emproto CollectionClifford et al. (2012)Rozendaal et al. (2017)Rozendaal et al. (2017)Rozendaal et al. (2017)Rozendaal et al. (2017)Prior (1918)
    South China Sea
     
    Zhou et al. (2022)
    South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
     
    Tomblin (1965)
    South Korea
     
    Kinosaki (1941)Lee et al. (2022)Lee (ed)+7 other referencesAtsuo Harumoto (1970)Jo et al. (2023)
    South Sudan
     
    PUN et al. (1998)
    Spain
     
    Navarro et al. (2009)Romero Silva (2003)B. Azambre et al.+1 other referenceB. Azambre et al.+1 other referenceMason (1963)B. Azambre et al.+1 other referenceTernes (1995)Sauro et al. (2021)+2 other referencesB. Azambre et al.+1 other referenceB. Azambre et al.+1 other referenceAbad+3 other referencesMajarena Serrano (2015)Llorca et al. (2009)Roda-Robles et al. (2012)J.I.Gil Ibarguchi et al. ( 1988)+1 other referenceJoan Rosell et al. (2023)Mellado et al. (2022)Torró et al. (2018)C. Canet et al.Alfonso et al. (2012)Jiménez MartínezCarlos Anaut analysis (Baikal Geo)www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)Weibel (1954)Martin-Izard et al. (1995)Mason et al. (1973)
    Sri Lanka
     
    Samarakoon et al. (2021)
    Sweden
     
    Stenberg (2002)Agarwal et al. (2016)GFF 72Thulin (1996)E.Grip: GFF 93J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ...J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ...J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ...J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ...J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ...+1 other referenceFlink (1914)The Swedish Museum of Natural History ...Torstensson (2004)Otter (2004)Wilke (1997)Jonsson (1992)Gustafsson (1987)Gatedal (n.d.)Östra Värmlands Mineral SocietyRincon (2022)+1 other referenceJohan Söderhielm
    Switzerland
     
    Romani (2000)Stalder et al. (1998)Trommsdorff et al. (1969)Stalder et al. (1998)Mittelholzer (1936)
    Taiwan
     
    Juan et al. (1959)Juan et al. (1959)CHEN et al. (1989)
    Tajikistan
     
    Litvinenko+9 other referencesSoloviev et al. (2019)Nasdala et al. (1993)
    Tanzania
     
    Hintze (2010)+1 other referenceMaaskant et al. (1980)Abart et al. (2009)Schwaighofer et al. (1987)Hsu et al. (1997)Hänni (1987)
    Thailand
     
    Part II+4 other referencesLi et al. (2023)
    Tonga
     
    [var: Labradorite]Bauer (1970)
    Turkey
     
    Helvaci (1998)SOYLU et al. (1999)- (2010)Sarp et al. (1976)Sarp et al. (1977)Goryunov et al. (2023)Kocatürk et al. (2025)Boztuğ+1 other referenceBoztuğ+2 other references
    Uganda
     
    Roccati (1907)Roccati (1907)
    UK
     
    Alysson Rowan collectionGolley et al. (1995)Golley et al. (1995)Majendie (1818)Golley et al. (1995)Eastwood et al. (1968)+2 other referencesDay (1999)Marr (1900)Day (1999)Ford et al. (1993)Miller et al. (1962)+5 other referencesRender (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Rutley (1902)Tilley (1937)Rutley (1902)Tindle (2008)Emeleus et al. (1992)J. C. Phillips et al. (2013)Howie (1963)
      • East Dunbartonshire
    Rutley (1902)Harrison (1975)
      • Highland
        • Caol and Mallaig
          • Isle of Rum
    - (numerous petrology texts and dictionaries)
        • Eilean á Chèo
    Smith et al. (2002)Livingstone (1988)Davidson (1935)
        • Fort William and Ardnamurchan
    Graham et al. (2017)
      • Outer Hebrides
        • St Kilda
    Miller et al. (1965)
      • Renfrewshire
    Day (1999)
      • Stirling
    Rutley (1902)
    • Wales
      • Powys
        • Old Radnor
    Cotterell et al. (2011)
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea
      • Alushta
    Spiridonov et al. (2019)
    • Donetsk Oblast
      • Gorlovka
    Ivanova et al. (1993)
    • Kirovohrad Oblast
    Gurov et al. (2006)
    • Mykolayiv Oblast
    Semenenko et al. (2001)
    • Rivne Oblast
    Acta Geologica Polonica Vol 2 et al. (in Polish)+1 other reference
    • Zaporizhia Oblast
      • Vasylivka Raion
    Labotka et al. (1980)+1 other reference
    • Zhytomyr Oblast
      • Korosten Raion
    Liventseva (n.d.)
      • Zhytomyr Raion
        • Cherniakhiv Raion
          • Golovine village
    www.pegmatite.ru (2009)+1 other reference
        • Khoroshiv Raion (Volodarsk-Volynskii)
    Grzegorz Słowik collection+1 other reference
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Chambers County
    Dean (1995)
      • Franklin County
    Labotka et al. (1980)+1 other reference
      • Perry County
    Chizmadia et al. (2002)+1 other reference
    • Alaska
      • Fairbanks North Star Borough
        • Fairbanks Mining District
    Cameron (2000)
      • Nome Census Area
        • Port Clarence Mining District
    Faust G T (1971)
      • Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area
        • Ketchikan Mining District
    Irvine (1962)
    • Arizona
      • Cochise County
    Graeme (1993)Cooper (1961)+1 other referenceCooper (1961)+1 other reference
        • Tombstone Mining District
    Anthony et al. (1995)
        • Winchester Mountains
          • Winchester Mining District
    Cooper (1961)+1 other referenceCooper (1961)+1 other reference
      • Greenlee County
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10048294
      • La Paz County
        • Eagletail Mts (Cemetary Ridge)
    Haxel et al. (2023)
      • Pima County
        • Box Canyon
    Bunch et al. (1969)Cooper (1961)+1 other referenceCooper (1961)+1 other reference
        • Sierrita Mountains
          • Pima Mining District
    Cooper (1961)+1 other reference
        • Tucson Mountains
          • Amole Mining District
            • Tucson
    Cooper (1961)+1 other reference
      • Santa Cruz County
        • Patagonia Mountains
          • Patagonia Mining District
            • Mowry
              • Mowry Wash
                • Mowry Hill
    Schrader (1915)
      • Tohono O'odham Nation Reservation
        • Sierrita Mountains
    Cooper (1961)+1 other reference
      • Yavapai County
        • Bradshaw Mountains (Bradshaw Range)
          • Big Bug Mining District
            • Mayer
    Lindgren (1926)
        • Eureka Mining District
    A.I.M.E. Ore Deposits of the Western States (1933)Mason (1976)Howard (1987)+1 other reference
      • Hot Spring County
    Erickson+1 other referenceHoward (1987)+1 other reference
        • Little Rock
    Barwood (1989)Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Howard (1987)+1 other reference
    • California
      • Amador County
    Rose (1959)
      • Fresno County
        • Kaiser Wilderness area
    Chesterman (1942)+2 other references
      • Inyo County
        • Panamint Mts (Panamint Range)
          • Panamint Mining District (Ballarat Mining District)
            • Panamint (old Panamint)
    Geol. Soc. of America Bulletin
      • Kern County
        • Boron
    Cal Div of Mines & Geology "Mineral ...
      • Lake County
        • East Mayacmas Mining District
          • Middletown
    Murdoch (1966)
      • Los Angeles County
    Blackerby (1968)+1 other reference
        • Palos Verdes Peninsula
          • Palos Verdes Hills
    Sharp (1959)+2 other referencesAndersen (1917)+1 other reference
      • Nevada County
    Kracek (1952)+2 other references
      • Riverside County
        • Jurupa Valley
          • Crestmore
    Pemberton (1983)+1 other reference
              • Sky Blue Hill
    AmMin 26:352-381
        • Palm Springs
    PXRD by John Attard (Attard XRD Services)
        • Riverside
    Richmond (1939)+1 other reference
      • San Bernardino County
        • East Kramer Mining District
          • East Kramer Borate area (East Kramer Colemanite area)
    MarekC (2018)+1 other reference
      • San Diego County
        • Carlsbad
    Marek Chorazewicz (2025)Merrill
        • San Marcos Mountains
    Larsen et al. (1948)+2 other references
      • Santa Barbara County
    Kampf et al. (2024)
      • Western Los Angeles County
    Miller (1934)+2 other references
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee County
        • Sedalia Mining District
    U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...+1 other reference
      • Fremont County
        • Cotopaxi Mining District
          • Cotopaxi
            • Mine Gulch
    Am Min 50:1179-1212USGS Prof Paper 649
        • Iron Mountain complex
    Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Gunnison County
        • Dorchester Mining District
          • Taylor Park
    Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Willow Creek Mining District
    Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Jefferson County
        • Evergreen Mining District (Malachite Mining District)
    USGS Prof Paper 223+1 other reference- (2005)
      • Pueblo County
    Lewis et al. (2016)
      • Rio Grande County
        • Summitville Mining District (Summit Mining District)
          • South Mountain
    Holmes et al. (1983)
      • Sedgwick County
    Hutchison et al. (1995)
      • Weld County
        • Johnstown
    • Connecticut
    Januzzi et al. (1976)
      • Middlesex County
        • East Hampton (Chatham)
          • Airline Railroad
    Schooner (1958)
          • Cobalt
    Chomiak (1989)
        • Haddam
    Foye (1926)
        • Portland
          • Collins Hill
            • Strickland pegmatite
    Schooner (circa 1985)
      • Tolland County
        • Willington
    Ague (1995)
    • Florida
      • Orange County
    Connolly et al. (2006)
    • Georgia
      • Columbia County
        • Phinizy
    Cook (1978)
      • Elbert County
    34-37+2 other referencesCook (1978)
      • Greene County
    Cook (1978)
        • Union Point
    Cook (1978)
      • Hart County
    Cook (1978)Cook (1978)Cook (1978)
      • Jasper County
        • Monticello
    Rocks & Min.:64:198.Cook (1978)
      • Rabun County
    Cook (1978)Helms et al. (1987)
      • Towns County
    Cook (1978)
        • Young Harris
    Hopkins (1914)
      • Upson County
    Cook (1978)
    • Hawaii
      • Hawaii County
    Patrick J. Shamberger (2004)
        • Kilauea Volcano
    Dunham (1933)
      • Honolulu County
        • Oahu Island
          • Koolau Range (Koolau caldera)
    Dunham (1933)Geological Society of America et al. (1947)
    • Idaho
      • Clark County
        • Spencer
    Ream (1995)
      • Fremont County
    Ream (2004)
      • Latah County
    Ream (2004)
      • Lemhi County
        • Dump Creek
    - (2005)- (2005)
      • Madison County
        • Rexburg area
    Hamilton et al. (1963)
    • Iowa
      • Emmet County
    Grady et al. (2015)
    • Kansas
      • Decatur County
    Komorowski et al. (2007)+3 other references
      • Greenwood County
        • Lamont
    Boesenberg et al. (1997)+1 other reference
      • McPherson County
    Russell et al. (1997)
      • Norton County
    Lionel Wilson & Klaus Keil (1991)
    • Kentucky
      • Wayne County
        • Monticello
    Olsen et al. (1987)
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin County
        • Lewiston
    Fisher (1934)+1 other reference
      • Cumberland County
        • Casco
    P. Cristofono collection 2021
        • Raymond
    King et al. (1994)
      • Franklin County
        • Alder Stream Township
    Boudette
        • Farmington
    King et al. (1994)
        • Redington
    Boudette
      • Knox County
        • Appleton
    King et al. (1994)
        • Union
    Rainville et al. (1976)
        • Warren
    W. B. Thompson et al. (2005)
        • Washington
    King et al. (1994)
      • Lincoln County
        • Monhegan Plantation
    Woodrow B. Thompson et al. (1998)
        • Nobleboro
    Mason B. (1979)
      • Oxford County
        • Bethel
    Hitchcock
        • Grafton
    King et al. (1994)
      • Piscataquis County
        • Big Moose Township
    Espenshade
        • Katahdin Iron Works
    Houston
        • Little Moose Township
    Espenshade
      • Sagadahoc County
        • Phippsburg
    King et al. (1994)
      • York County
        • Cornish
    King et al. (1994)
        • Kennebunkport
    McHone et al. (1982)McHone et al. (1982)
        • Sanford
    Webster et al. (1848)
        • York
    WandkeAndersonGilman
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex County
    Gleba (2008)Gleba (2008)Emerson (1917)
      • Hampden County
        • Holyoke
    Emerson (1917)
      • Hampshire County
        • Pelham
    Emerson (1917)+1 other referenceEmerson (1917)
      • Middlesex County
        • Cambridge
    Ross (2010)Jaggar (4)
    • Michigan
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
        • Norway Lake
    Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Aldrich et al. (1965)
        • Mansfield Township
    Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Keweenaw County
        • Allouez Township
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
        • Grant Township
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
          • Lac La Belle
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Marquette County
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Minnesota
      • Cook County
    Winchell (1900)
      • Lake County
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    P. W. Weiblen and Henry HaII (1967)
      • Saint Louis County
        • Duluth
    Miller+2 other references
    • Missouri
      • Iron County
    WALTER (2011)
      • Warren County
    Chizmadia et al. (2002)+1 other reference
    • Montana
      • Glacier County
    USGS PP 296 (Ross,1959)
      • Jefferson County
        • Boulder Batholith
          • Boulder Mining District
            • Boulder
    USGS Bulletin 988-G (1953)
      • Madison County
        • Mineral Hill Mining District (Pony Mining District)
    MBMG IC-24 (Reid,1958)
      • Powell County
    KUNZ et al. (2003)McCallum (1996)
      • Stillwater County
    Rifai+4 other references
    • Nebraska
      • Dodge County
    Pabian (1971)
      • Morrill County
    Pabian (1971)
      • Thomas County
    Pabian (1971)
    • Nevada
      • Clark County
        • Black Mountains
          • Black Mountains Mining District
    Castor et al. (2004)
      • Eureka County
        • Safford Mining District
    Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)
      • Lander County
        • Battle Mountain Mining District
          • Copper Canyon mine
    Castor et al. (2004)
      • Nye County
    Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)
        • Union Mining District
          • Berlin
    Quillen (2017)
      • Pershing County
    Castor et al. (2004)
    • New Hampshire
      • Belknap County
        • Belknap Mts (Gunstock Mts; Suncook Mts)
    Smith (2005)
      • Coos County
        • Stark
    Meyers et al. (1956)+1 other reference
      • Grafton County
    Williams et al. (1954)Meyers et al. (1956)Rice et al. (1971)Hitchcock (1905)
      • Rockingham County
        • Newington
          • Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge
    Nora K. Foley et al. (2006)
        • Nottingham
    • New Jersey
    Gorring et al. (2024)
      • Somerset County
        • Bridgewater Township
      • Sussex County
        • Franklin
    Palache (1935)Dunn (1995)
        • Ogdensburg
          • Sterling Hill
    Dunn (1995)Frondel (1972)+3 other referencesMason (1976)
      • Bernalillo County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Catron County
        • Mogollon Mountains
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Cibola County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Doña Ana County
    Northrop et al. (1996)
        • Organ Mountains
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Grant County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Hidalgo County
        • Pyramid Mountains
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Lincoln County
        • Capitan Mountains
    Northrop et al. (1996)Tommy B. Thompson (1973)
      • Luna County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Otero County
        • Orogrande Mining District (Jarilla Mining District)
          • Orogrande
    XRD data from the New Mexico Bureau of ...
      • Rio Arriba County
    Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Sandoval County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Santa Fe County
        • New Placers District
    W. W. (2012)
      • Sierra County
    Maxwell et al. (1986)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)USGS Bull 945C+1 other reference
          • Discovery Gulch
    Jahns et al. (1944)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Socorro County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Taos County
    Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Torrance County
    Northrop et al. (1996)
      • Union County
    Steele et al. (1982)+1 other reference
    • New York
    Ransom (1974)
        • North Elba Township
    William J. Miller. Geology of the Lake ...
        • Town of Newcomb (Tahawus)
    Robinson et al. (2007)+1 other reference
      • Franklin County
        • Saranac Lake
    Robinson et al. (2007)
      • Orange County
        • Town of Blooming Grove
    Manchester (1931)Manchester (1931)
        • Town of Tuxedo
    Rocks & Min.: 20:469.
        • Town of Warwick
    Manchester (1931)
      • Putnam County
        • Town of Philipstown
    Betts (n.d.)
      • Warren County
        • Johnsburg Township
    Miller (1938)
          • Johnsburg Village
    Larsen et al. (1932)
      • Buncombe County
    Wood (1996)
      • Cabarrus County
        • Concord
    Barbara A.Olsen
      • Carteret County
        • Beaufort
    Callahan et al. (2001)
      • Clay County
    LangDana 6:515Nathan Clay Collins (2011)GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume 56 ...Nathan Clay Collins (2011)Denison et al. (1967)Speer (1981)
      • Davie County
    McSween et al. (1984)Hadley
        • Bullock
    Zeitner
      • Jackson County
    Nathan Clay Collins (2011)
      • Macon County
    Genth (1891)Nathan Clay Collins (2011)
        • Cowee Valley
          • Ellijay Mining District
            • Franklin
    Absher and McSween H.Y JrCollins (2011)
      • Mecklenburg County
    Pratt (1933)Hoy et al. (1939)McSween Jr et al. (1984)Pratt (1933)Colney (1962)
        • Carthage
    Tera et al. (1987)J.Wright Horton et al. (2006)
      • Rowan County
    McSween et al. (1984)White et al. (1945)Philip Stanley JustusSpeer (1997)Stephan Brewer HarperUSGS Bulletion No+1 other reference
    • Ohio
      • Ashtabula County
        • Saybrook Township
    Specimens collected by Isaac Coblentz . ...
    • Oklahoma
      • Dewey County
    Brearley et al. (1998)
      • Kiowa County
    - (2005)
      • Washita County
    Rubin et al. (1985)+1 other reference
    • Oregon
      • Douglas County
    Russell et al. (1987)
      • Harney County
    Cran Cowanpana-mine.com (n.d.)+1 other referenceChristopher L. Johnston et al. (1991)‘David Carter’ Ex-collection+1 other referenceChristopher L. Johnston et al. (1991)
      • Josephine County
        • Winona Mining District
    - (1952)
      • Klamath County
    Howard (2008)
      • Lake County
        • Plush
    Christopher L. Johnston et al. (1991)March.+1 other referenceMarch.+1 other reference
    • Pennsylvania
    USGS National Geochemical Database ...
      • Delaware County
        • Middletown Township
    Gordon (1922)
      • Lancaster County
        • Bart Township
    R. C. Smith II
      • Lebanon County
        • Cornwall Borough (Cornwall)
    Lapham et al. (1965)
      • York County
        • Warrington Township
          • Rossville
    Mineral collecting in Pennsylvania+2 other references
    • Rhode Island
      • Kent County
    AmMin 12:427-436 (1927)
      • Providence County
        • Cumberland
    • South Carolina
    Chaumba (2010)
      • Edgefield County
    Earle Sloan (1908)Earle Sloan (1908)Prince et al. (2004)
      • Saluda County
    Speer et al. (1981)Prince et al. (2004)
      • York County
    - (2005)- (2005)
    • South Dakota
      • Hanson County
    Mason et al. (1973)+1 other reference
      • Lawrence County
        • Galena Mining District
          • Roubaix
    Roberts et al. (1965)
      • Pennington County
    Roberts et al. (1965)
    • Tennessee
      • Carter County
        • Cranberry Magnetite Mining District
    Paris (2011)
        • Walnut Mountain Mining District
    W.S. Bayley (1922)W.S. Bayley (1922)
      • Cumberland County
    Kunz (1887)
      • Hamblen County
    Merrill (1896)
      • Johnson County
        • Mountain City Mining District
    Paris (2011)Paris (2011)
      • Lincoln County
    Buchanan et al. (1996)+1 other reference
      • Sevier County
        • Great Smoky Mountains
    Paris (2011)
    • Texas
      • Brewster County
        • Alpine
    ...+1 other reference
        • Big Bend National Park
    Morgan et al. (2008)
        • Christmas Mountains
    Joesten (1974)
      • McLennan County
    Srinivasan et al. ( 2000)
    • U.S. Virgin Islands
      • St Thomas
    Donnelly (1962)
    • Utah
      • Box Elder County
    Heyse (1975)
      • Emery County
        • San Rafael Swell Mining District
    USGS Bull 878 p 41
      • Juab County
    Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)
      • Millard County
        • Deseret
    R&M 68:6 p381-393+1 other reference
      • Salt Lake County
        • Big Cottonwood Mining District
          • Argenta
    Bullock (1981)
        • Little Cottonwood Mining District
          • Alta
    Woodford et al. (2001)
      • Tooele County
        • Stansbury Mountains
          • Free Coinage Mining District
    Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)
          • Third Term Mining District
    Bullock (1981)
    • Vermont
      • Essex County
        • Lemington
    Wolff (1929)Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
        • Shrewsbury
    Woolley (1987)
    • Virginia
      • Amelia County
        • Winterham
    Rocks & Min.: 8:143-144.+2 other references
      • Augusta County
    Dietrich (1990)
      • Bedford County
    Dietrich (1990)
      • Fairfax County
        • Culpeper Basin
          • Centreville
    - (2005)
      • Fauquier County
        • Casanova
    Lee et al. (1989)
      • Henrico County
    Bischoff et al. (1984)
      • Pittsylvania County
    Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)
    • Washington
      • Clark County
        • Washougal
    Jérome et al. (1972)
      • Kittitas County
    MacDonald Jr et al. (2022)
      • Snohomish County
        • Index Mining District
    Cannon (1975)
      • Stevens County
        • Springdale Mining District
          • Allen Clay Property
    Derkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other reference
    • Wisconsin
      • Ashland County
    Klewin+1 other reference
      • Lincoln County
    Cordua (1998)
    • Wyoming
      • Albany County
        • Iron Mountain Mining District
    - (2005)
        • Lake Owen Complex
    5th International Platinum Symposium ...Hausel et al. (2001)
      • Campbell County
        • Reno Junction
    Cosca et al. (1988)
      • Johnson County
        • Buffalo
    AmMin 72:137
    Vietnam
     
    • Lào Cai Province
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    Hoang Minh Thao et al. (2017)
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    Isabella Pignatelli et al. (2018)
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    Meck et al. (2011)
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    Grew et al. (1997)
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      • Beitbridge District
    Hossain (1977)
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    Eales (1964)
    Outer Space
     
    Gornitz (2007)+1 other reference
    The Moon
     
    • Apollonius Highlands
    Mokhov A.V. and Kartashov P.M. data
    • Descartes Highlands
    Walker et al. (1973)+1 other reference
    • Mare Crisium
    Pavel Kartashov
    • Mare Fecunditatis
    Vinogradov (1971)
    • Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms)
    Jin et al. (2025)
    • Taurus-Littrow Valley
    Longhi et al. (1974)+1 other reference
    Venus
     
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