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Lepidolite

A group of related mineral species
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Named in 1792 by Martin Klaproth from the Greek words lepidos for "scale" and lithos for "stone".
A field name for the group of Li-rich micas in, or close to, the so-calledPolylithionite-Trilithionite series, alsofluorluanshiweiite andluanshiweiite.

The original lepidolite came from Rožná pegmatite, Žďár nad Sázavou, Vysočina Region, Moravia (Mähren; Maehren), Czech Republic.

The name is sometimes incorrectly applied tolithian muscovite. The pink to purple colour typical of lithian muscovite and lepidolite is usually attributed to divalent manganese (Evans and Raftery, 1982).

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Lepidolite.



Unique IdentifiersJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Lepidolite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Fracture:
Micaceous

Age distributionZambezi Region, Mozambique 268
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Synonyms of Lepidolite

Other Language Names for Lepidolite

Varieties of LepidolitePurple JadeA dense mass of fine grained lepidolite, which is used for carving and as an ornamental stone. It usually contains minorquartz,feldspar,spodumene and occasionallypollucite as impurities. Technically, this material is a rock and not a mineral.Rb-rich LepidoliteA variety ofLepidolite enriched in Rubidium.

Relationship of Lepidolite to other Species
Other Members of Trioctahedral mica:
AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
BalestraiteKLi2V5+Si4O12Mon. 2 :B2
BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Tric. 1 :P1
GarmiteCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon.
HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
KreiteriteCsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2Mon.
MasutomiliteK(LiAlMn2+)[AlSi3O10]F2Mon. 2 :B2
NorrishiteKLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
OrloviteKLi2Ti(Si4O10)OFMon. 2 :B2
PreiswerkiteNaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b
ShirokshiniteK(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
ShirozuliteKMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
SokolovaiteCsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2Mon.
Suhailite(NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
Wonesite(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m :B2/m
ZinnwalditeMica Group.
Lepidolite Members:
Fluorluanshiweiite KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
Luanshiweiite KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Polylithionite KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series 
Trilithionite K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b

Other InformationGranitoid

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    • References for LepidoliteⓘDiba-DarraWeerth et al. (2016)Matt McGill collectionOrris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Poullen et al. (1978)Orris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Orris et al. (2002)Cocker (2018)
    Algeria
     
    Angola
     
    Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves et al. (2009)+1 other reference
    Antarctica
     
    Faure+1 other reference
    Argentina
     
    Battich et al. (2016)Rocks & Min. (2007)Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collectionRaúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection[Polylithionite]Colombo et al. (2011)homepage.mac.com (2009)Econ Geol (1995)[Polylithionite]Lira et al. (2023)López de Azarevich et al. (2021)GALLISKI (1983)+1 other referenceGalliski et al. (2006)+1 other referenceLópez de Azarevich et al. (2021)López de Azarevich et al. (2021)López de Azarevich et al. (2021)Galliski et al. (1999)+1 other referenceminsocam.org (2003)+1 other referenceEcon Geol (1995)Econ Geol (1995)Miguel Ángel María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía (eds.)Demartis et al. (2011)
    Australia
     
    Katz et al. (1979)Daly et al. (1963)+5 other referencesForsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Forsythe (1981)Sorrell (n.d.)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill+1 other referenceRyan Eagle et al. (2018)Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in ...Econ Geol (1995)Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesMackintosh et al. (1971)Jacobson. (2007)Grguric et al. (2009)- (Perth 2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)[Trilithionite]Peter Keller CollectionJacobson et al. (2007)- (Perth 2007)+2 other references- (Perth 2007)+2 other referencesSimpson (1948)Jacobson et al. (2007)Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...Marshall et al. (2016)Marshall et al. (2016)Jacobson et al. (2007)Pegmaites of Western Australia+2 other referencesFetherston et al. (2013)www.pioneerresources.com.au (2016)Pegamatites of Western Australia+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)+1 other referenceJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesSimpson (1948)Grguric et al. (2005)Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)Simpson (1948)+1 other referenceSimpson (1948)SimpsonSimpson (1948)Jacobson et al. (2007)Fetherston (2004)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1928)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1928)+1 other referenceJacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)Fetherston (2004)Jacobson et al. (2007)Kim Macdonald (specimen collected at location)Jacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)Simpson (1948)Pegamtites of Western Australia+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesDormerJacobson et al. (2007)Calderwood+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesPegamtites of Western Australia+2 other references[Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series]Luke Morgan Collection- (Perth 2007)+2 other references
    Austria
     
    Exel (1993)Ertl (1995)[Trilithionite]Nikopoulou et al. (2025)
    Belgium
     
    Hatert et al. (2002)Buttgenbach (1918)+2 other references
    Bolivia
     
    Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)
    Brazil
     
    Horbe et al. (1991)Horbe et al. (1999)Morteani et al. (2000)Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)[Polylithionite]Lopes et al. (2024)Vasconcelos MineralsSauer (1982)Petrov (n.d.)+2 other referencesLallemant (1978)Wilson (2012)Bastos (2002)Bastos (2002)Bastos (2002)Andrade et al. (2011)Cassedanne (1983)Cassedanne et al. (1990)Acquired with owner of mine.Betts (n.d.)King (n.d.)Cassedanne et al. (1987)Don Windeler collection ...Menezes Filho et al. (2012)Russ Rizzo CollectionLavinsky (n.d.)+1 other referenceCassedanne et al. (1981)+1 other referenceCassedanne et al. (1980)Moore (2001)Quéméneur et al. (1999)Chukanov et al. (2007)Quéméneur et al. (1999)Russell RizzoQuéméneur et al. (1999)Lavinsky (n.d.)Cassedanne et al. (1994)www.mindat.org (n.d.)Lagache et al. (1997)+1 other referenceSauer (1982)+1 other referenceMoore (2001)Sauer (1982)Mielke (n.d.)+1 other referenceKing (n.d.)SOARES et al. (2000)+1 other referencePavel M. Kartashov analytical dataMurdoch (1955)Cassedanne et al. (1991)SOARES et al. (2000)+3 other referenceswww.minsocam.org (2004)Beurlen et al. (2008)Wolfgang HampelBeurlen+9 other referencesStrmić Palinkaš+5 other referencesde Brito Barreto et al. (2010)+1 other referenceBeurlen+4 other referencesSOARES et al. (2000)Beurlen+4 other referencesFosfatos e Silicatos Secundários de ...Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)[Trilithionite]Coelho et al. (2025)Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)Hudson et al. (n.d.)+1 other referenceQueiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)Queiroz (2016)[Trilithionite]Queiroz et al. (2018)Queiroz (2016)
    Burkina Faso
     
    Ducellier (1963)
    Burundi
     
    Fransolet et al. (1990)
    Cambodia
     
    [Polylithionite]Piilonen et al. (2023)
    Canada
     
    [Trilithionite]Breasley et al. (2024)Dixon (2014, October)Bannatyne (1985)Phillips (1978)+1 other referenceBannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)153-155.+4 other referencesBrennan et al. (2024)Bannatyne (1985)Masau+5 other referencesBannatyne (1985)Černý et al. (2005)Phillips (1978)+2 other referencesBannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)Bannatyne (1985)Selway et al. (1998)+2 other referencesPhillips (1978)+1 other referenceParrish (1977)Higgins (1985)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Feng et al. (2015)Sheard et al. (2012)Groat et al. (2003)Sheard (2010)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Feng et al. (2015)Northern Mineral Showings Database+1 other referenceFaribault (1908)+1 other referenceBreaks et al. (2008)J.C. Pedersen (2000)J.C. Pedersen (2000)Bull. Minéral.+1 other referenceOntario MDI Number: MDI53C11SW00003+4 other referencesPedersen et al. (2002) ...Tindle et al. (2005)Tindle et al. (2002)Taylor et al. (2001)Hewitt (1967)Sabina (2003)Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceGeraint Harris et al (2011)[Polylithionite]PERRAULT (1966)+3 other references[Polylithionite]Horváth et al. (1998)[Polylithionite]Horváth et al. (1998)PotterBynoe (1987)www.cecorp.ca (2016)+1 other referenceKing (n.d.)SRK Consulting (Canada)[Polylithionite]Miller (1990)+4 other references
    China
     
    Chen et al. (2022)Guiqing Li (1982)[Polylithionite]Liu et al. (2018)Guiqing Li (1982)Zhu et al. (2001)Zhu et al. (2001)Hui Li et al. (1983)+2 other referencesZhaochong Zhang et al. (1994)Deshi Lu (1993)Ruiling He and Enkui Cao (1985)+2 other references[Trilithionite]Fan G. et al. (2013)[Polylithionite]Qu et al. (2023)Yuan et al. (2022)Qin et al. (2025)Gefei Huang et al. (2005)Zhifang Zeng et al. (2008)Anthony+1 other referenceYuzhou Li (1990)Zeheng Lei et al. (2009)Xinyou Zhou et al. (2013)Zeheng Lei et al. (2009)National Geological Archives of China ...Cheng et al. (2022)+1 other referenceJiang et al. (2023)Hong Liu (1986)USGS Open-File Report 03-220Jia et al. (2024)Fengjun Nie et al. (2013)Zhang et al. (2022)Zhang et al. (2025)Xiaojun Yuan et al. (2004)- (1998)Liao Shen (1996)- (1998)Minqing Cheng and Cunchang Wang (1989)Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985)+1 other referenceXilin Liu (1991)Dingtang Huang (2003)Dingtang Huang (2003)[Trilithionite]Ganfu Shen and Jinsha Xu (2006)Xu et al. (2024)Chengfa Wang (1986)+5 other referencesLiu et al. (2022)+4 other referencesYuzhuang Sun et al. (2010)Li+6 other referencesWang et al. (2021)Zhao et al. (2023)[Trilithionite]Lei et al. (2025)Li+5 other referencesLi et al. (2022)Lai et al. (2023)Rucheng Wang et al. (2018)Qin et al. (2025)[Trilithionite]Qin et al. (2025)Kang et al. (2024)+1 other referenceMa et al. (2025)+1 other referenceMa et al. (2025)Lianxing Gu et al. (1995)+1 other referenceLi+5 other referencesYao et al. (2024)+1 other referenceLiu Guobin und Lu Huanzhang (1986)Feng et al. (2019)Feng et al. (2019)Feng et al. (2019)Tianren Zou et al. (1986)+4 other referencesCao et al. (2022)Yanling Tang (2005)Chen et al. (2022)Denghong Wang et al. (2001)Chen et al. (2022)Feibao Wu and Zongyu Li (1986)Feibao Wu and Zongyu Li (1986)Cunlin Liu et al. (1987)Liu et al. (2020)Zongxi Yang et al. (2009)
    Czech Republic
     
    Povondra et al. (eds.)+1 other referenceČerný et al. (Weisser Stein)Bull. Minéral.+1 other referenceHistoric mineral collection National ...Čech (1961)Němec (jihozápadní Morava)Sejkora (1998)[Trilithionite]Rieder et al. (1970)[Polylithionite]Rob Lavinsky (ex. Josef Vajdak specimen)Sekanina (1929-1930)Luna J.: Lithný pegmatit od Krasonic u ...Bull. Minéral.+1 other referenceHouzar (1995)StaněkČechBull. Minéral.+1 other referenceNemec (1982)[Polylithionite]Škoda et al. (2012)+1 other referenceNěmec D.: Ein Pegmatit mit Li-Mineralisierung von Dolní Bory in Westmahren (ČSSR)Novák et al. (2008)[Trilithionite]Novák et al. (1999)Novák M. (1987)[Polylithionite]Novák+4 other references[Polylithionite]Flégr et al. (2017)Nikischer (2023)Novák+2 other references[Polylithionite]P. Pauliš (2001)P. Pauliš (2001)KoudelkaKruťawww.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/556.PDF.+1 other reference
    DR Congo
     
    Buttgenbach (1947)Pezzotta et al. (2020)Loun et al. (2018)Dewaele et al. (2016)
    Egypt
     
    Raslan et al. (2010)Abed et al. (2022)[Polylithionite]Abd El-Naby (2009)[Polylithionite]Mahdy et al. (2025)Ali et al. (2020)
    Eswatini
     
    Trumbull (1995)Trumbull (1995)+1 other reference
    Ethiopia
     
    A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile)+1 other reference
    Europe
     
    Quellmalz (1992)+1 other reference
    Finland
     
    Teertstra et al. (1993)Alviola Reijo 1974. Selostus ...Lahti (1981)Lahti (1981)Lahti (1981)Lahti (2000)Lahti (2000)Haapala (1966)+2 other referencesLynch et al. (2025)Haapala (1966)+1 other referenceAarne LaitakariTeertstra et al. (1998)+1 other referenceNordenskiöld (1863)
    France
     
    G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français)+1 other referenceJ.-J. Périchaud: Les Minéraux d'Auvergne et al. (1985)J.-J. Périchaud: Les Minéraux d'Auvergne et al. (1985)Aubert (1969)Belot (1978)Mourey Y. (1985)Yves Mourey CollectionGermain C. (1988)Chauris (2014)- (L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 955-958)Sinkankas (1981)Patureau et al. (2011)Aubert G Pierrot R (1959)perso.wanadoo.fr (2004)Boisson (1988)Boisson (1988)Guide geologique de la Haute Vienneperso.wanadoo.fr (2005)perso.wanadoo.fr (2005)perso.wanadoo.fr (2005)Kreipl (1974)Bariand et al. (n.d.)J. Geffroy+1 other reference
    Germany
     
    Hanneberg et al. (2009)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Thuß (1991)Thomas et al. (2000)[Polylithionite]René (2019)[Trilithionite]Witzke et al. (2001)Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in ...Gerstenberg (n.d.)HAAKE et al. (1994)Wittern (2001)
    Greenland
     
    [Polylithionite]Bøggild (1953)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]McDonald et al. (2001)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Petersen (2001)[Polylithionite]Lorenzen (1881)+2 other referencesSørensen (1962)[Polylithionite]Petersen (2001)[Polylithionite]Julian Gray (2002)Soerensen (1962)[Polylithionite]Friis et al. (2004)[Polylithionite]Metcalf-Johansen (1977)[Polylithionite]Friis et al. (2004)[Polylithionite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[Polylithionite]Cole (2003)Oen (1964)Sørensen (1962)[Polylithionite]Otter (2016)
    India
     
    Sarkar (1996)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Singh et al. (1991)Mukhopadhyay (1981)Maitra et al. (2009)Maitra et al. (2009)
    Indian Plate (India Plate)
     
    Singh et al. (1991)
    Ireland
     
    [Polylithionite]Barros et al. (2022)
    Italy
     
    Calanchi et al. (1980)+2 other referencesPezzotta+2 other references- (n.d.)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Mattioli V. (1987)[Trilithionite]Venzo et al. (2017)Orlandi et al. (1997)Pezzotta et al. (2007)Barsotti et al. (2006)F.Pezzotta (2008)Giuliano bettini collectionBarsotti et al. (2006)Lapis n1Orlandi et al. (1996)+1 other referenceNannoni R.
    Japan
     
    [Polylithionite]Imaoka et al. (2024)Yohei Shirose and Seiichiro Uehara (2013)+1 other referenceMasukawa et al. (2013)Matsubara et al (1995)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Kovalev et al. (2009)[Polylithionite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Oitseva et al. (2017)Voloshin et al. (1983)+1 other referenceZimanovskaya et al. (2022)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    [Polylithionite]Pautov et al. (2013)Karpenko V.Yu. et al. (OH)
    Madagascar
     
    Michel Arliguie collection & photo (Photo ID: 965678 , old sample)Behier (1963)Pezzotta (2005)Michel Arliguie collection & photo (Photo ID: 954076 , old sample from former C.E.A )Behier (1960)Behier et al. (1955)Besaire (1966)- (2004)[Trilithionite]Vandall KingBehier (1963)Pezzotta (1999)Behier (1963)Behier et al. (1955)Behier et al. (1955)+1 other referenceBehier (1960)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-45 (Visually identified)Rakotoarison (1964, May)+1 other referenceRaúl Jorge Tauber LarryBehier (1960)+1 other referenceRakotoarison (1964, May)Lefevre et al. (1998)Ranorosoa (1986)+1 other referenceLacroix (1912)Mrose et al. (1961)Knut Edvard Larsen collection (M-723,M-600)+1 other referenceRakotoarison (1964, May)Lefevre et al. (1998)+1 other referenceRanorosoa (1986)Ranorosoa (1986)+1 other referenceRanorosoa (1986)Ranorosoa (1986)+1 other referenceRakotoarison (1964, May)Ranorosoa (1986)Ranorosoa (1986)Wilson (1989)Michel Arliguie collection & photo (Photo ID: 946793, old sample)Duparc et al. (1910)Behier (1963)Pezzotta (1999)
    Malawi
     
    [Polylithionite]Petersen et al. (1994)
    Malaysia
     
    Teh (1981)
    Mauritania
     
    Marsh et al. (2015)Marsh et al. (2015)Marsh et al. (2015)
    Mexico
     
    Rocks & Min.:63:456.+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Rocks & Min.:63:456+1 other referencePanczner (1987)
    Mongolia
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[Polylithionite]Econ Geol (1995)+2 other references[Polylithionite]Kovalenko et al. (1995)+2 other references[Polylithionite]Econ Geol (1995)[Polylithionite]Hawthorne et al. (1986)Tumenbayar et al. (2000)+1 other reference
    Morocco
     
    [Polylithionite]Khadem Allah (1993)
    Mozambique
     
    [Trilithionite]University of Arizona Mineral Museum ...Behier (1957)+1 other referenceWilson et al. (2000)Gomes et al. (2022)Wilson et al. (2000)Goni et al. (1964)+1 other referenceGoni et al. (1964)+1 other referenceGomes Figueiredo C.S. (1967)+1 other referenceBehier (1957)+1 other referenceSchappmann (2005)Teertstra et al. (1999)+1 other reference
    Myanmar
     
    Harald Schillhammer collectionAung et al. (2021)Maung Kyaw Khaing Win (2003)Hong Wang et al. (2013)- (1998)
    Namibia
     
    Wilson et al. (2002)www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de (2003)von Bezing (2007)Keller (1991)von Bezing (2007)Keller (1991)Ashworth (2014)Keller (1991)Keller (1991)Cairncross et al. (2006)+1 other referenceportal.unesco.org (n.d.)Keller (1991)von Bezing (2007)Keller (1991)Keller et al. (1989)+1 other referencevon Bezing (2007)Mining Ann. Review (1985)+1 other referenceKeller (1991)+1 other referenceKeller (1991)+1 other referenceKeller (1991)+2 other referencesvon Bezing (2007)von Bezing (2007)Cairncross et al. (2006)+1 other referenceCairncross et al. (2006)+1 other referenceErnst A. Schnaitmann+1 other referenceAshworth (2014)[Polylithionite]www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)+5 other referencesvon Bezing (2007)von Bezing (2007)Baldwin (1994)Baldwin (1989)+1 other referencevon Bezing (2007)+1 other referenceBaldwin (1994)
    Nepal
     
    - (n.d.)+1 other reference
    New Zealand
     
    Pirajno et al. (1985)
    Niger
     
    Abdourahamane Attourabi et al. (2022)
    Nigeria
     
    Okunlola et al. (2009)Okunlola et al. (2009)Int J Econ & Environ Geology Vol 1 (1)Amuda et al. (2022)
    North Korea
     
    Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceKondo (1940)Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other reference
    North Macedonia
     
    Hidden treasures of Macedonia+3 other references
    Norway
     
    Larsen (1981)Larsen et al. (1981)Neumann (1985)Larsen et al. (2007)Gunnar Raade (1990)+1 other referenceNordrum et al. (1999)Norges geologiske undersøkelse (NGU)aps.ngu.no (n.d.)Wilhelmsen (2020)Oftedal (1943)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2005)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (1991)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Berge (n.d.)[Polylithionite]Berge (n.d.)[Polylithionite]Berge (n.d.)[Polylithionite]Raade et al. (1980)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Åsheim (1994)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-324 (Visual id only)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Raade et al. (1980)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2010)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Larsen et al. (2013)[Polylithionite]Raade et al. (1980)
    Pakistan
     
    - (2004)Blauwet et al. (2004)+1 other referenceTVM SpecimenLaurs et al. (1998)Dudley BlauwetBlauwet et al. (2004)Laurs et al. (1998)imported from Shigar District+2 other references
    Poland
     
    Pieczka A.Pieczka et al. (2015)+2 other referencesPieczka et al. (2012)Rubio-Ordóñez et al. (2019)Kozłowski A. (2021)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Szełęg et al. (2010)
    Portugal
     
    Dias et al. (2009)B. Charoy et al.+1 other referenceCathelineau et al. (2024)Neiva et al. (2000)+2 other referencesNeiva et al. (2000)+1 other referenceAlves (n.d.)+1 other referenceMartins da Pedra collectionAlexandre Pedroso collection+1 other referenceAlves (n.d.)Klaus Ludwig CollectionKlaus Ludwig CollectionSchnorrer-Köhler (1991)Martins et al. (2011)various photographsMineralien Atlaspersonal findInternational Geological Congress (2008)
    Romania
     
    Szakáll et al. (2010)Calin et al. (2014)
    Russia
     
    Bulnaev (2006)[Polylithionite]Bailey (1980)webmineral.ru (2021)Igor Savin's dataMakagon (2007)+2 other referencesБоруцкий Б.Е. ...[Polylithionite][World of Stones 95:5-6[Polylithionite]Pekov et al. (2004)Huber et al. (2023)[Polylithionite]Pekov (2000)[Polylithionite]Pekov (1998)D’yachkov et al. (2022)[Polylithionite]Pekov (2003)[Polylithionite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Semenov E.I. (1972)Pekov (1998)+1 other referenceKing (n.d.)Zozulya et al. (2024)Pekov (1998)+3 other referencesSeltmann et al. (2010)Ryazantseva (2001)Ryazantseva (2001)+1 other referenceBortnikov et al. (2008)[Polylithionite][World of Stones 12:49][Polylithionite]Trunilina et al. (2024)[Trilithionite]Trunilina et al. (2024)Alekseev et al. (2020)+1 other referenceAlekseev et al. (2020)- (n.d.)Sokol et al. (2010)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+2 other referencesKievlenko et al. (2003)Igor.V. Pekov (2008)+1 other referenceMishainikKuznetsova (2009)[Polylithionite]Seltmann et al. (2010)[Polylithionite]Kapustin et al. (1965)[Polylithionite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)www.minsocam.org (n.d.)www.minsocam.org (n.d.)+1 other referenceSharygin et al. (2014)Thomas et al. (2012)Grant (2001)Grant (2001)+1 other referencePeretyazhko et al. (2004)Kasatkin et al. (2020)Badanina et al. (2008)+3 other referencesPavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Rwanda
     
    Acke et al. (2025)Hulsbosch et al. (2014)Bertossa (1968)+1 other referenceBertossa
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Gevers+2 other referencesBaldwin (1994)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Baldwin (1994)Cairncross et al. (1995)Gauert C et al. (2014)Cairncross et al. (1995)Baldwin (1994)Baldwin (1994)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)
    South Korea
     
    Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceKinosaki (1942)Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceTsuda (1969)Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceChoi et al. (2014)Shibata (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceHarada et al. (1944)
    Spain
     
    Alejandro Sánchez Jiménez[Polylithionite]Dill et al. (2023)[Polylithionite]Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Roda-Robles M E et al. (2014)Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)+1 other referenceMangas et al. (1988)+1 other referenceRoda-Robles et al. (2006)[Polylithionite]Tánago et al. (2012)Garate-Olave I et al. (2014)
    Sweden
     
    Augsten (2008)Lynch et al. (2025)Langhof et al. (1998)Selway et al. (2002)Selway et al. (2002)Lorin (2002)Grensman et al. (1991)+2 other referencesQuensel (1937)+2 other references
    Switzerland
     
    Graeser et al. (2001)+1 other reference
    Tajikistan
     
    [Polylithionite]Grew et al. (1994)+7 other referencesMirakov M.A. et al. (2018)[AmMin 85:1561]Thomas et al. (2010)
    Thailand
     
    Manning (1982)Nakapadungrat et al. (1993)Econ Geol (1995)Econ Geol (1995)
    Turkey
     
    Helvaci (1998)Öztürk (1997)Kines (1969)
    UK
     
    Russell (1946)Golley et al. (1995)Moulding et al. (2005)Hall (1868)+2 other referencesGolley et al. (1995)McLintock (1923)+2 other referenceswww.mineralman.f9.co.uk (2001)Livingstone et al. (1983)Jackson (1982)+1 other referencewww.ebooksread.com (n.d.)+3 other references
    Ukraine
     
    Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2013)
    USA
     
    Ransom (1974)[Polylithionite]Anthony et al. (1995)[Polylithionite]Anthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceThe-Vug.com Collecting Minerals of La ...Meeves et al. (1966)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceGalbraith (1959)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10259152.+1 other referenceJahns (1952)+1 other referenceMeeves et al. (1966)Jahns (1952)Galbraith (1959)docs.azgs.az.gov (2017)Solomon Feinstein Collection.+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)Jahns (1952)Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceJahns (1952)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10102521Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceJahns (1952)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Karl Estes (1998)+1 other referenceHoward (1987)+1 other reference[Polylithionite]H. Barwood - unpublished (2010)Butler (1995)Fisher et al. (1944)+3 other referencesRocks & Min.:63:441.+1 other referenceJune.+1 other referenceWrightI. Arc spectrographic detection of ...+4 other references[Polylithionite-1M]David Lowe personally analyzed sample ...Kunz (1905)+2 other referencesFisher (2002)Tucker et al. (1939)Weber (1963)Pratt (1904)+2 other referencesWeber (1963)MudochWeber (1963)Fisher et al. (1)+1 other referenceSan Diego Mining Company 1996. Gem Hill ...+2 other referencesWeber (1963)illus.+1 other referenceWeber (1963)Jahns et al. (1951)Fisher (2011)Mauthner (2011)personal collections (Reed, Mauthner)Kunz+1 other referenceKunz (1905)Kunz (1905)Weber (1963)Weber (1963)Rocks & Minerals: Mayillus.+1 other referenceSchaller+1 other referenceMerrillJanuary: p. 42.+1 other referenceJahns et al. (1951)Swoboda+2 other referencesJahns et al. (1951)Kunz (1905)Jahns et al. (1951)Sheppard (2008)+1 other referenceSheppard (2008)+1 other referenceSchaller (1904)+3 other referencesFisher (2002)Kunz (1905)San Diego Mining CompanyFoord et al. (1989)+2 other referencesSan Diego Mining CompanyRogers (1910b)+5 other referencesRogers+2 other referencesAntisell (1853-56)+1 other referencePemberton (1983)+1 other referenceStevens et al. (1942)+1 other referenceJanuary: p. 40+2 other referencesillus.+3 other referencesEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)[Polylithionite]American MineralogistEckel et al. (1997)[Polylithionite]Brigatti et al. (2000)Richard Fretterd and Jean Cowman (2016)[Polylithionite]AmMin 85:1275-1286 (2000)[Polylithionite]American Mineralogist- (2005)[Trilithionite]RRUFF Database Specimen No. RO50486Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Hanley et al. (1950)+2 other referencesMeeves et al. (1966)Eckel et al. (1997)Meeves et al. (1966)Meeves et al. (1966)Hanley et al. (1950)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 24:233-234.+4 other referencesKing (n.d.)+2 other referencesMeeves et al. (1966)USGS Proffesional Paper 265+2 other referencesUSGS Proffesional Paper 265+1 other reference[Polylithionite]Walstrom (n.d.)USGS Proffesional Paper 265+3 other referencesUSGS Proffesional Paper 265+2 other referencesUSGS Proffesional Paper 265+2 other references[Polylithionite]Brigatti et al. (2000)Meeves et al. (1966)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)[Polylithionite]Brigatti et al. (2000)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)[Polylithionite]Brigatti et al. (2000)Januzzi et al. (1976)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 70:379+1 other referenceCameron et al. (1954)+1 other referenceBetts (1999)USGS Professional Paper 255.+9 other referencesBastin (1910)Bowman (1902)+4 other referencesHewitt (circa 1960s)Januzzi et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMoritz (n.d.)Moritz (n.d.)+4 other referencesRocks & Min.: 12: 141-143.+1 other referenceUSGS Professional Paper 255: 333-338.+5 other referencesBarton and Goldsmith (1968)+3 other referencesThompson et al. (1998)King (2000)Bastin (1911)+1 other referencePersonally collected and sight ...D. levesque photoUSGS Bull 445Wilson (1977)+1 other referenceKing et al. (1994)+3 other referencesKing (2000)Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004W. B. Thompson et al. (2005)King (n.d.)Mineral News (1993)Rocks and Minerals (1980)+3 other referencesUSGS Bull 445USGS Bull 445King et al. (1994)+1 other referenceCameron+3 other referencesHess et al.King et al. (1994)Gary Freeman+1 other referenceUSGS Bull 445King et al. (1991)+4 other referencesKing (n.d.)Cameron+1 other referenceHess et al. (1943)Cameron+1 other referenceKing (n.d.)Clara Brennan et al. (2016)Gleba (2008)[Trilithionite]Foster et al. (1962)+1 other reference"Western Massachusetts Mineral ..."Western Massachusetts Mineral ..."Western Massachusetts Mineral ...- (2005)Heinrich (Pegmatites of Montana, Economic Geology, Vol. 44, No. 4, June-July 1949)- (2005)USGS Open-File Report 76-56+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ...Castor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceFoord et al. (1999)Garside NBMG Bull 81 (1973)+2 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)Rocks & Min 80:247Meyers et al. (1956)Page & Larrabee (USGS Prof. Paper 353)+2 other referencesSmith (2005)Morrill+1 other referenceSmith (2005)USGS Prof Paper 353+2 other referencesSmith (2005)Jeremy Zolan CollectionNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)NMBMMR Bull 94 Geology and Ore Deposits ...+1 other reference[Polylithionite]4th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985)Northrop et al. (1996)+1 other reference- (1965)Northrop et al. (1996)[Polylithionite]Laszlo Horvath collectionBingler (1968)+1 other referenceJahns (1946)+2 other referencesNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Pough (n.d.)+2 other referencesGraton (1906)Wilson et al. (1978)Wilson et al. (1978)Zeitner (1968)Miller et al. (to be published by NCGS)MillerE.L. Clopton collectionMeeves et al. (1966)+1 other reference- (2005)Smith et al. (2000)U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...+1 other referenceSmith et al. (2000)- (2005)Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117-118.+5 other referencesSmith et al. (2000)- (2005)Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112+1 other referenceRocks & Minerals: 67 (6)+1 other referenceMeeves et al. (1966)+1 other referenceUSGS Prof Paper 297A+1 other reference- (2005)Landes (1932)Dietrich (1990)[Polylithionite]Robin D. Tibbit (deceased)[Polylithionite]Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8+1 other referenceCannon (1975)Buchholz et al. (2007)+1 other referenceAlexander Falster et al. (2018)Alexander Falster et al. (2018)Falster et al. (1988)+1 other reference- (2005)Rocks&Min 76:23-241Hausel et al. (2001)Meeves et al. (1966)Meeves et al. (1966)Hanley et al. (1950)Hausel et al. (2001)Bargar et al. (1973)
    Uzbekistan
     
    Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan)
    Vietnam
     
    Hien-Dinh et al. (2017)Russo et al. (2006)+1 other reference
    Zambia
     
    www.jagodagems.com (n.d.)
    Zimbabwe
     
    Mineral Trade Notes (1953)159 pages.+1 other referenceAhrens (1951)- (2011)Ahrens (1951)Ackermann et al. (1968)Ackermann et al. (1968)Anonymous (1995)Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89Mineral Trade Notes (1953)+1 other referenceHornung. G. PhD thesis. Pegmatites of ...Ackermann et al. (1968)Ackermann et al. (1968)von Knorring et al. (1963)+1 other referenceAckermann et al. (1968)Cairncross (2004)Anonymous (1995)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)McGregor (1946)+2 other referencesgeology.csupomona.edu (2001)+1 other referenceMcGregor (1946)Ahrens (1951)Kievlenko et al. (2003)Kievlenko et al. (2003)HARRISON (N.M.)HARRISON (N.M.)Ahrens (1951)
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