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Leadhillite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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EditAdd SynonymEdit CIF structuresClear Cache
Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Colour:
Colourless to white, grey, yellowish, pale green to blue; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.55
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1832 after the Type Locality, Susanna mine, Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
Type Locality:
ⓘSusanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
Polymorph of:
Macphersonite,Susannite
A rare monoclinic lead sulphate carbonate hydroxide, polymorphous withsusannite (Trigonal) andmacphersonite (Orthorhombic). Typically these minerals are all found as small to microscopic clear to white tabular pseudohexagonal crystals (trillings for leadhillite).

Heating leadhillite causes it to reversibly transform into susannite in the temperature range from 50 to 82°C (Bindi & Menchetti 2005).


Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2

Classification of Leadhillite

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
F : With (Cl), SO4, PO4, TeO3
Dana 7th ed.:
17.1.2.1
Dana 8th ed.:
17.1.2.1

17 : COMPOUND CARBONATES
1 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:
12.2.11

12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to white, grey, yellowish, pale green to blue; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 onMohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001} and easy.
Parting:
Translation gliding on {001}, as well as twin gliding with K1(340), σ2[140]; K2(34¯0), σ1[140].
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.55 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.57 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Leadhillite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong

Chemistry of Leadhillite

Crystallography of Leadhillite
Click on an icon to view
Leadhillite no.6 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Leadhillite no.36 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

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Crystal StructureTsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Otavi District, Oshikoto, Namibia 2143
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
11.6 Å(60)
6.78 Å(30)
3.57 Å(100)
2.94 Å(70)
2.89 Å(60)
2.62 Å(60)
2.11 Å(60)
2.06 Å(60)
1.554 Å(60)
Locality:
Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
Comments:
The 6.78 (30) line distinguishes leadhillite from susannite.

Geological Environment

Synonyms of Leadhillite

Other Language Names for Leadhillite

Common AssociatesIso.m3(2/m3) :Fd35.BF.05ManganotychiteNa6Mn2(CO3)4(SO4)Iso.m3(2/m3) :Fd35.BF.05TychiteNa6Mg2(CO3)4(SO4)Iso.m3(2/m3) :Fd35.BF.05FerrotychiteNa6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4)Iso.m3(2/m3) :Fd35.BF.10SidorenkiteNa3Mn2+(CO3)(PO4)Mon.5.BF.10CrawforditeNa3Sr(CO3)(PO4)Mon. 2 :P215.BF.10BonshtedtiteNa3Fe2+(CO3)(PO4)Mon. 2/m :P21/m5.BF.10BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)Mon. 2/m :P21/m5.BF.15Daqingshanite-(Ce)(Sr,Ca,Ba)3(Ce,La)(CO3)3-x(PO4)(OH,F)2xTrig.5.BF.20Reederite-(Y)(Na,Mn)15Y2(CO3)9(FSO3)ClHex.6 :P65.BF.25Mineevite-(Y)Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2ClHex. 6/m :P63/m5.BF.30BrianyoungiteZn3(CO3,SO4)(OH)4Mon. 2/m :P21/m5.BF.35PhilolithitePb12Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)5.BF.40MacphersonitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)5.BF.40SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2Trig. 3 :P35.BF.45Peatite-(Y)Li4Na12Y12(PO4)12(CO3)4(F,OH)8Orth. 222 :P2225.BF.50Ramikite-(Y)Li4(Na,Ca)12Y6Zr6(PO4)12(CO3)4O4[(OH),F]4Tric. 1 :P1

Fluorescence of Leadhillite

Other Information
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    • External Links:
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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • References for LeadhilliteⓘLa BoritaSillitoe et al. (2023)Sillitoe et al. (2023)
    Australia
     
    Gilligan et al. (1995)Birch et al. (1997)Con Constantinides collectionSielecki (1988)Sielecki (1988)Palache et al. (1951)Palache et al. (1951)M. Latham Collection 2011
    Austria
     
    Kolitsch et al. (2013)Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD-analysis of drilling)+1 other referenceNiedermayr et al. (1995)Auer (2023)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Blass et al. (2000)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Kolitsch (2015)- Auer (2025)Jakely (2008)
    Bailiwick of Guernsey
     
    Henwood (1871)
    Belgium
     
    Blaß et al. (1995)José Dehove collection.
    Canada
     
    Cobalt - Belleterre - Timmins+1 other reference
    Chile
     
    gerhard mohn EDS and SEMsamples analysed by Gerhard Moehn.sample analysed by Tony Kampf
    China
     
    Boling Pan et al. (1989)
    Czech Republic
     
    RÜSENBERG et al. (1996)Pauliš et al. (2023)
    France
     
    Boisson et al. (2000)Queneau (n.d.)Chollet et al. (2013)Vernay (1997)+1 other referenceChollet Pascal CollectionY. Vessely collectionChollet Pascal CollectionChollet Pascal CollectionValverde J. (1999)Y. Vessely collectionSarp (1984)Asselborn (1982)Inventaire minéralogique de la France ...+1 other referenceP. Le Roch collectionGermain C. et al. (1990)Wittern et al. (1997)Thierry Brunsperger collection and Nicolas Meisser analysis (Lausanne Geological Museum)Wittern et al. (1997)Legrand et al. (2008)Palache et al. (1951)Lheur (2023)Leconte J. et al. (2016)Queneau (n.d.)
    Germany
     
    Collection Elmar LacknerSchlomann et al. (1988)Schlomann et al. (1988)Steen (1993)Walenta (1992)+1 other referenceWalenta (1992)Walenta (1992)+1 other referenceWalenta (1994)Walenta (1992)+2 other referencesWalenta (1991)Obermüller (2003)Collection of Steffen MichalskiWeiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Gröbner et al. (2009)ko.jansen+2 other referencesBlaß et al. (2021)Schnorrer-Köhler (1991)Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Weiß (1990)Stieglitz et al. (1989)Bender et al. (1994)Der Aufschluss 2000 (2)+1 other referenceHenrich (2009)Schnorrer-Köhler (1987)Blaß et al. (1995)Blaß et al. (1995)Blaß et al. (1995)International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals (3)+1 other referenceBlaß et al. (1995)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Lapis 1988 (1)+1 other referenceSchnorrer-Köhler (1988)Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Graf (1992)Schüller et al. (2013)Reinhardt et al. (2005)Weiß (1990)Henrich (2007)Graf (1991)Lapis (2)Graf (1991)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Der Aufschluss Vol.55Wittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Buchert (2012)Paar (1983)Neschen (n.d.)Lapis 30 (7/8)
    Greece
     
    Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1982a)Lapis et al. (1999)+1 other referenceGelaude et al. (1996)Gelaude et al. (1996)Gelaude et al. (1996)L.Rantos collection
    Hungary
     
    Szakáll
    Iran
     
    Jörg ReichertWilke (1977)
    Ireland
     
    Found by George Ryback in 1963.Moreton et al. (2007)
    Italy
     
    Bortolozzi et al. (2015)+1 other referenceMarco Bonifazi collectionRivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin)Maida (2002)Parola et al. (2023)Ciriotti et al. (2019)Piccoli et al. (2007)Luigi Chiappino dataPelloux A. – (1930)Pelloux (1904)+3 other referencesStara et al. (1996)StaraStaraPelloux A. – (1930)+1 other referenceStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Preite et al. (2007)De Michele (1974)StaraPalache et al. (1951)P.StaraStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1993)Pelloux (1930)+1 other referenceBoscardin M. and Bortolozzi G. (1985)Rocchetti I. (2012)Bortolozzi et al. (2013)Campostrini et al. (2005)Maiello (1998)Gasparetto et al. (2014)Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals (2)www.comune.pisa.it (2000)Franzini et al. (1992)+2 other referencesJansen et al. (1998)Boscardin M. et alii. "I minerali nel Vicentino" et al. (Vicenza)Zordan et al. (2012)
    Japan
     
    Ohnishi et al. (2011)Yamada (2004)Yosimura (1939)+2 other referencesKojiro (1999)
    Namibia
     
    Bowell et al. (2013)Palache et al. (1951)von Bezing (2007)Dunn (1991)
    Norway
     
    Åmli et al. (1972)+1 other reference
    Portugal
     
    Pedro Alves analytical data and ...
    Romania
     
    G.Koller
    Russia
     
    Yurii P. Men'shikov dataVoloshin A.V. et al. (1986)Yakovenchuk et al. (2007)Palache et al. (1951)Seroka (2001)Palache et al. (1951)
    South Africa
     
    Glass (2006)Cairncross et al. (1995)Wight (2002)Cairncross et al. (1995)Meyer et al. (1986)
    Spain
     
    Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)Abella i Creus (2018)FMF Forum
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)XRD Analyses by N. Meisser+1 other referenceParker et al. (1973)Stalder et al. (1998)Ansermet (2012)Ansermet (2012)
    Tunisia
     
    Palache et al. (1951)
    UK
     
    Golley et al. (1995)Starkey (2012)Golley et al. (1995)Rob Bowell (Cardiff University analysis)Golley et al. (1995)Norman Wilson collectionDay (1999)Norman Wilson collectionNorman Wilson collectionDay (1999)Hartley (1984)+1 other referenceHartley (1984)+2 other referencesHartley (1984)+3 other references- (2006)Green (1989)+3 other referencesGreg et al. (1858)+9 other referencesGoodchild (1885)+5 other referencesCooper et al. (1990)Paul NicholsonStanley et al. (1991)Day (1999)Cooper et al. (1990)Briscoe et al. (2008)[BMS]vanadinite and descloizite+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)Ford et al. (1993)Ford et al. (1993)Steve Rust collectionNorman Wilson collectionS Rust collectionRussell (1936)Green (1987)+2 other referencesS. Rust collectionNeall et al. (2005)S. Rust collection.S Rust collectionDay (1999)S Rust collectionDavies (1877)+1 other referenceS Rust collectionDay (1999)S. Rust collectionPalache et al. (1951)Temple (1955)+1 other referenceS.Rust CollectionS.Rust CollectionS.Rust CollectionDay (1999)Rust et al. (1988)Day (1999)Bevins (1994)+3 other referencesDay (1999)Day (1999)Day (1999)National Museum of Wales database+1 other reference
    USA
     
    Graeme (1993)Graeme (1981)+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceRon Layton self collectedLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Raman analyzed at the University of ...Jones (1980)+3 other referencesPXRD by John AttardAllen et al. (1988)+1 other referenceRaman analyzed at the University of ...+1 other referenceWilson et al. (1974)+1 other referenceWilliams et al. (1963)+1 other referenceWilliams et al. (1963)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Dana 6: 922.Palache et al. (1951)+4 other referencesPalache (1941)+4 other referencesUniv. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Pemberton (1983)+2 other referenceswww.mineralsocal.org (1999)Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966)+1 other referenceRogers (1901)+5 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)USGS PP 368 "Geology & Ore Deposits of ...+3 other referencesPemberton (1983)+4 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Joe Marty specimensCollected by and in the collection of ...Crowley (1977)+5 other referencesCollected by and in the collection of ...San Diego Natural History MuseumEckel et al. (1997)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceReam (1995)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)Dunn et al. (1975)George Vaux collection at Bryn Mawr ...+1 other referenceTucker (2006)Gobla (2012)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Dana 6:A3:45.Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ...Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)www.excaliburmineral.com/mink-n.htmA. Kampf 2-2018A. V. Heyl (1992)+1 other referenceDana et al. (1892)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.:60:112.Rocks & Min.Thorne (n.d.)Thorne (n.d.)Dana 6:1092 & A3:45+1 other referenceCollected by and in the collection of ...Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62Dietrich (1990)Cannon (1975)Cannon (1975)Irving
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