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Helvine

A valid IMA mineral species
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Photos of Helvine (533)Discuss Helvine
Helvine GallerySearch Photos of Helvine
Edit HelvineAdd SynonymEdit CIF structuresClear Cache
from Latin 'helvus' = 'yellow', for the colour
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘBrüder Lorenz Mine, Breitenbrunn, Breitenbrunn, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany
ⓘSt. Richard Mine, Breitenbrunn, Breitenbrunn, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany
Helvine Group.Danalite-Helvine Series, and theGenthelvite-Helvine Series.
The IMA officially recognized name (2012 IMA list) is helvine, not helvite, although the synonym "helvite" may be more common in the literature.

The largest crystals known are the 15 cm-long edge helvine crystals found at the Chingolo skarn mine in the Córdoba province, Argentina
(Lira et al., 2023).


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Helvine

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
Dana 7th ed.:
76.2.4.1
Dana 8th ed.:
76.2.4.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
Hey's CIM Ref.:
17.9.4

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
9 : Silicates with sulphide or sulphite

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Helvine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Golden yellow, brown, red, gray-yellow, yellow-green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 - 6½ onMohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=741 - 873 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {111} {111}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.2 - 3.44 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.23 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Helvine
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Zn,Ca

Chemical AnalysisSchwarzenberg, Saxony, Germany 2453
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.382 Å(100)
1.955 Å(80)
2.215 Å(70)
2.618 Å(65)
1.692 Å(65)
1.510 Å(50)
1.466 Å(50)
Comments:
Butte, Montana, USA.

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, 22941.

Synonyms of Helvine

Other Language Names for Helvine

Relationship of Helvine to other Species
Other Members of Helvine Group:
DanaliteBe3Fe2+4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n
GenthelviteBe3Zn4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n
Tugtupite(BeAlSi)Na4(SiO4)3ClTet.4 :I4
Structurally related to group(s):
Sodalite GroupThe Sodalite Group is characterised by sodalite-type stacking of alumosilicate building units that produces Cubo ...
Forms a series with:
DanaliteDanalite-Helvine Series
GenthelviteGenthelvite-Helvine Series

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/b9.FB.Åsgruvanite-(Ce)Ce16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(AsO3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m19.FB.SteudeliteNa3(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(SO3)6F6 · 4H2OHex.6m2 :P62c9.FB.Wenlanzhangite-(Y)Y2V3+2V4+2(SiO4)2O4(OH)4Tric.1 :P19.FB.SlyudyankaiteNa28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6(S6)1/3(CO2) · 2H2OTric. 1 :P19.FB.Bolotinaite(Na7◻)(Al6Si6O24)F · 4H2OIso.43m :I43m9.FB.SapozhnikoviteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2Iso.43m :P43n9.FB.BetziteNa6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Quadridavyne(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4Hex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.05SulfhydrylbystriteNa5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2(SH)Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Marinellite(Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2OTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Afghanite(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6Cl6Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Bystrite(Na,K)7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S5)ClTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Franzinite(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.5H2OHex.9.FB.05KyanoxaliteNa7(Al6-xSi6+xO24)(C2O4)0.5+x · 5H2O (0 < x < 0.5)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Farneseite(Na,Ca,K)56(Al6Si6O24)7(SO4)12 · 6H2OHex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.05Alloriite(Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Liottite(Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4Hex.6 :P69.FB.05DepmeieriteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(PO4,CO3)1-x · 3H2O (x<0.5)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Biachellaite(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5 · H2OTrig. 3 :P39.FB.05Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05CancrisiliteNa7(Al5Si7O24)(CO3) · 3H2OHex. 6mm :P63mc9.FB.05Fantappièite[Na82.5Ca33K16.5](Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33 · 4H2OTrig.3 :R39.FB.05CarbobystriteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3) · 3.5H2OTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05MicrosommiteNa4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2Hex. 622 :P63229.FB.05PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Tounkite(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)2Cl · 0.5H2OHex. 622 :P62229.FB.05Balliranoite(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Giuseppettite(Na,K,Ca)7-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,Cl)1-2Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Sacrofanite(Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6 · 2H2OHex.9.FB.05KircheriteNa5Ca2K(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.33H2OTrig. 32 :R329.FB.05HydroxycancriniteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2 · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Davyne(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(Cl2,SO4)2Hex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.10HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)Iso.43m :P43n9.FB.10LazuriteNa7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2OIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10DanaliteBe3Fe2+4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10KamaishiliteCa2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2Tet.9.FB.10SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12ClIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10NoseanNa8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2OIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10GenthelviteBe3Zn4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10BicchuliteCa2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2Iso.43m :I43m9.FB.10Tsaregorodtsevite(N(CH3)4)(AlSi5O12)Orth. 222 :I2229.FB.10VladimirivanoviteNa6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2 · H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.FB.10Tugtupite(BeAlSi)Na4(SiO4)3ClTet.4 :I49.FB.15MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24ClTet. 4/m :I4/m9.FB.15MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.FB.15Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)Tet. 4/m :I4/m

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    • References for HelvineⓘCasa la Plata depositWilliam T. Holser: Beryllium minerals ...Rimann (1928)Sureda et al. (2010)King (n.d.)Brodtkorb (2002)
    Australia
     
    Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)Zaw et al. (1997)Grguric et al. (2009)Simpson (1928)Simpson (1928)+1 other referenceJacobson et al. (2007)Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other references
    Austria
     
    Neumayer (1980)+1 other referenceErwin LöfflerKNOBLOCH (2012)+1 other referenceKolitsch (2017)Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010)Postl et al. (1998)Orlandi et al. (2005)
    Brazil
     
    Bastos Neto et al. (2009)+1 other referenceMiranda (2018)Martin Slama collection+1 other referenceMoore (2004)+1 other referenceIn Collection of Martin Slamae Souza et al. (2016, July)+1 other referenceIn Collection of Martin Slama
    Bulgaria
     
    www.mgu.bg (2021)Berylium mineralisation in Pb-Zn ore ...+1 other reference
    Canada
     
    NB Mineral Occurrence Database Ref. 45+1 other referenceGroat et al. (2003)Chatterjee (1977)Grice (1989)+1 other reference
    China
     
    Martin Slama CollectionZhang et al. (2023)Liu (2006)Liu (2006)www.smartminerals.com (n.d.)Liu (2006)Fengjun Nie et al. (2004)Tron (2003)+1 other referenceXiaofei Wang et al. (2010)www.smartminerals.com (2004)Huang et al. (1988)Yuzhou Li (1990)Bingtao Li (1993)Shimou Chen et al. (1981)+2 other referencesDu et al. (2025)Ottens et al. (2005)+1 other referenceOttens et al. (2012)Ottens et al. (2012)Martin Slama CollectionZhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997)Jiang Bin specimenYunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985)Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985)Berthold Ottens (2009)Giuliani et al. (1988)Raimbault (1993)Shiyu Liu et al. (2022)DU et al. (2014)
    Czech Republic
     
    Jan VlkNovák
    France
     
    Ragu (1994)Ragu (1994)+2 other referencesDubru. M (1986)+1 other reference
    Germany
     
    Weiß (1990)Neschen (n.d.)Tröger (2006)J.C. Freiesleben (1817)+1 other referenceGerstenberg (n.d.)J.C. Freiesleben (1817)+1 other referenceSchlegel (1991)Wittern (2001)Dunn (1976)www.minmax.netIn Coll. Martin Slama
    Greenland
     
    Petersen (2001)Bohse et al. (2001)Tony Peterson photo and collection
    India
     
    Lahiri (1972)
    Italy
     
    Campostrini et al. (2014)Bellatreccia et al. (1997)+1 other referenceDella Ventura et al. (1999)+1 other referenceCarliniCarlini et al. (2017)Cerea et al. (2019)- (n.d.)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Vanini F. (2000)in Coll. M. SlamaBarsotti et al. (2006)F. Pezzotta (1994)+1 other reference
    Japan
     
    MATSUBARA et al. (1996)Endo (2008)Matsubara Satoshi et al. (1980)Haruna et al. (2002)- (n.d.)Yoshinaga (1959)- (n.d.)Akira Kato (undated manuscript)- (n.d.)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Stepanov et al. (2012)Evseev (1995)Chen Xuanhua et al. (2010)Evseev (1995)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    L.A. Pautov data
    Malawi
     
    Guastoni A. et al. (Malawi)+1 other reference
    Malaysia
     
    Moh et al. (1982)
    Mexico
     
    Panczner (1987)
    Morocco
     
    Walenta (1981)
    Namibia
     
    Dunn (1991)
    Norway
     
    Goldschmidt (1911)- (n.d.)Oftedal et al. (1963)Nordli et al. (1997)+1 other referenceOftedal et al. (1963)Goldschmidt (1911)Oftedal et al. (1963)Hurum et al. (1997)+2 other referencesLarsen et al. (2010)+1 other referenceWiik (2007)Oftedal et al. (1963)+1 other referenceRaade (1972)Raade et al. (1999)+3 other referencesLarsen (1988)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2005)Larsen (2018)+1 other referenceEngvoldsen et al. (1991)- (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Am Min 68:5-6 pp 628-633+1 other referenceLarsen (1988)Raade et al. (1983)Larsen (1988)Berge (n.d.)Larsen (1988)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen (1988)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen (2021)Larsen (1988)+1 other referenceLarsen (1993)+1 other referenceIvy Wilson collection 1989Oftedal et al. (1963)Brøgger (1890)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Andersen (1993)Larsen (1988)Peter Andresen collectionBerge (1993)+1 other referenceBrøgger (1890)+1 other referenceLarsen (1988)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2015)Hansen (1981)Larsen (1988)+1 other referenceKnut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-6065Personally collected by Peter Andresen ...Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Peter Andresen collectionArne Åsheim collection 2006+2 other referencesLarsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)Andresen (2013)+1 other referenceFrode Andersen collection/observation ...Knut Edvard larsen collection (MM-2580)Martin Sky Strand pers. com to Knut ...+1 other referenceKamphaug (1987)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Berge (n.d.)Berge (n.d.)Berge et al. (2002)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Andersen et al. (1994)
    Pakistan
     
    - (2004)Blauwet et al. (2004)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    - (1997)+2 other referencesKing (n.d.)
    Poland
     
    Pieczka et al. (2012)Feldspat et al. (2006)Martens (1965)
    Portugal
     
    Felix Garcia Garcia Mineral CollectionNuno Afonso collection (XRD-analysed)Pierre Rosseel collection
    Romania
     
    Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg.Munteanu (1993)+1 other reference
    Russia
     
    Damdinova et al. (2018)Pekov (1998)KolesnichenkoFilimonova et al. (2006)V.A. Gorelov (1997)Ivashchenko et al. (2006)P.Kartashov data+2 other referencesUSGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p87+1 other referencePavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Slovakia
     
    Martin Števko-unpublished+1 other reference
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)
    Spain
     
    Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Garcia-Guinea et al. (2005)Garcia G. et al. (2004)Tánago et al. (2012)
    Sweden
     
    Gatedal (2003)Hällström et al. (2024)Langhof et al. (1998)Nysten (1996)Gustafsson et al. (1991)+1 other referenceDamman et al. (1992)Gatedal (n.d.)+1 other referenceGustafsson et al. (2003)+1 other reference
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)
    Tajikistan
     
    Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ...
    UK
     
    Kingsbury (1961)+2 other references[Specimen in the Natural History Museum+3 other referencesKingsbury (1961)Golley et al. (1995)Kingsbury (1961)+2 other references
    Ukraine
     
    Liventseva (n.d.)
    USA
     
    - (2008)Warner et al. (1959)+2 other referencesTrischka et al. (1929)+3 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)Howard (1987)Barwood (1989)Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Fisher (2002)Jahns et al. (1951)Jahns et al. (1951)Jahns et al. (1951)+3 other referencesMurdoch (1946)+4 other referenceswww.coloradomineralsociety.org (2016)- (2005)Meeves et al. (1966)Min News 20:9 pp1Burbank (1933)+1 other referenceIn Collection of Martin SlamaHenderson et al. (circa 1970)+1 other referenceSchooner (circa 1990)W.C. van Laer: the Sawtooth batholithWC van LaerWm. C. van Laer.WC van LaerRocks & Min. 70:246+3 other references- (2005)Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 16: 244Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.+2 other references- (2005)Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Art Smith (2001)Barton (1968)+4 other referencesSmith (2005)+1 other referenceRocks & Min 80:245Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4+1 other reference- (1965)Northrop et al. (1996)Weissenborn (1948)+3 other referencesNMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459+3 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)Northrop et al. (1996)NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+1 other referenceDeMark (1989)+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Robert E. Wastrom CollectionUSGS Bull 945C+2 other referencesUSGS Bull 945C+1 other referenceUSGS Bull 945C+1 other referenceJahns et al. (1944)USGS Bull 945C- (2005)USGS Bull 945CHanahan (1985)Smith (1991)AmMin 47:395Bullock (1981)Dunn (1976)Thorne (n.d.)Rocks & Min.: 60: 165.+4 other referencesRocks & Min.: 8:143-144.Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Falster et al. (1996)
    Zimbabwe
     
    Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89
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