Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Log InRegister
AboutSupport UsPhotosDiscussionsSearchLearnMore
Quick Links :The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Hedenbergite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored.Click here to sponsor this page.
Photos of Hedenbergite (285)
Hedenbergite GallerySearch Photos of Hedenbergite
EditAdd SynonymEdit CIF structuresClear Cache
Named in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Mr. Anders Ludvig (Ludwig) Hedenberg [1781 Sweden - 1809 Sweden], formerly a clerk associated with Mountain College, and later chemistry student and co-worker with Berzelius and who first found it at Mormorgruvan, Tunaberg, Sweden and published a description of the mineral. Later Berzelius (in 1819) named the mineral and described it. Hedenberg and Berzelius attempted to make compounds involving nitrogen and sulfur. {N.B. The first initial commonly attributed to Anders Ludvig Hedenberg's name signifies the title "Mister" and not to a given name.}
Type Locality:
ⓘMormorsgruvan, Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field, Tunaberg, Nyköping, Södermanland County, Sweden
Pyroxene Group -Clinopyroxene Subgroup. See also theHedenbergite-Johannsenite Series,Diopside-Hedenbergite Series, and theHedenbergite-Petedunnite solid solution.

CompareUM2004-50-SiO:AlFeGd.


Unique Identifiers

IMA Classification of Hedenbergite
Strunz-mindat (2025):
9.DA.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th ed.:
65.1.3a.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.22.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
22 : Silicates of Fe and Ca

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Opaque
Colour:
Brownish green, black
Streak:
White, grey
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {110}
Parting:
{100}{010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.56 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.65 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Hedenbergite
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= pale green, bluish green
Y= green, bluish green
Z= green, yellow green

Chemistry of Hedenbergite
Common Impurities:
Mn,Zn,Ti,Al,Mg,Na,K

Crystallography of Hedenbergite
Epitaxy Comments:
Hedenbergite whiskers epitaxial on babingtonite (Nagashima and Nishio-Hamane, 2018).

X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.995 Å(100)
2.528 Å(80)
2.970 Å(50)
1.638 Å(40)
1.629 Å(40)
3.26 Å(30)
2.890 Å(30)
Comments:
Cordillera Blanca, Peru, ICDD 25-160 (magnesian).

Geological Environment

Synonyms of Hedenbergite

Other Language Names for Hedenbergite

Varieties of HedenbergiteHedenbergite-HyperstheneIntermediate between Hedenbergite & HyperstheneManganese-bearing Hedenbergite

Relationship of Hedenbergite to other Species
Other Members of this group:
AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
BurnettiteCaVAlSiO6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
ClinoenstatiteMgSiO3Mon. 2/m :P21/b
ClinoferrosiliteFe2+2Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b
ColomeraiteNaTi3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
DavisiteCaScAlSiO6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
DiopsideCaMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
EsseneiteCaFe3+[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m :B2/b
GrossmaniteCaTi3+ AlSiO6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
JervisiteNaSc3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
JohannseniteCaMn2+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
KanoiteMn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b
KosmochlorNaCrSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
KushiroiteCaAl[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m :B2/b
NamansiliteNaMn3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
NatalyiteNaV3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Omphacite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m
PetedunniteCa(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b
RyabchikoviteCuMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b
SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Tissintite(Ca,◻)AlSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
UM2001-19-SiO:AlCaMgNa(Na,Mg,Ca)(Mg,Al)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
UM2003-36-SiO:CaNaNaCrSi2O6 - CaMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b
Forms a series with:
DiopsideDiopside-Hedenbergite Series
JohannseniteHedenbergite-Johannsenite Series

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.ProtoenstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn9.DA.RyabchikoviteCuMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DA.05Donpeacorite(Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbca9.DA.05EnstatiteMg2Si2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbca9.DA.05FerrosiliteFe2+2Si2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbca9.DA.10ClinoenstatiteMgSiO3Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DA.10ClinoferrosiliteFe2+2Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DA.10KanoiteMn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DA.10Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DA.15GrossmaniteCaTi3+ AlSiO6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15DiopsideCaMgSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15 vaJeffersoniteCa(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si2O69.DA.15JohannseniteCaMn2+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15PetedunniteCa(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15EsseneiteCaFe3+[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15KushiroiteCaAl[AlSiO6]Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.15DavisiteCaScAlSiO6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.20Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.20Omphacite(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6Mon. 2/m9.DA.25JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25NamansiliteNaMn3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25NatalyiteNaV3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25JervisiteNaSc3+Si2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25Tissintite(Ca,◻)AlSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.25KosmochlorNaCrSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.30SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.DA.35HiroseiteFeSiO3Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma

Other Information
Search Engines:
  • Look for Hedenbergite on Google
  • Look for Hedenbergite images on Google
  • Look for Hedenbergite on Bing
  • Look for Hedenbergite images on Bing
  • Look for Hedenbergite on DuckDuckGo
  • Look for Hedenbergite images on DuckDuckGo
  • Look for Hedenbergite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library
    • External Links:
  • Look for Hedenbergite on Webmineral
  • Look for Hedenbergite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Hedenbergite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Buy from D. Joyce minerals
  • Buy rare minerals from Excalibur Minerals
  • The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals
  • Wilensky Exquisite Minerals
  • Blue Gems Australian & International
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • Quality Mineral Specimens - Cal Neva Mineral Co.
  • Buy from McDougall Minerals

    • References for HedenbergiteⓘLadjuar MedamJournal of Petrology 43 (4)Merkel et al. (2013)
    Algeria
     
    L. Latouche : "L'orthoferrosilite et les roches associées de la région des Gour Oumeladen (N.E. Ahaggar, Algérie)Allègre et al. (1981)+4 other referencesAzzouni‐Sekkal et al. (1987)
    Angola
     
    Borst et al. (2023)
    Antarctica
     
    Krot et al. (2013)Harris et al. (2002)Ohtani et al. (2011)B.A. Worley+1 other referenceMcKay et al. (2003)+1 other referenceBoudette et al. (1966)+2 other referencesLeMasurier et al. (1982)+3 other referencesWoolley (2019)LeMasurier (1990)Adie (Ed.)
    Argentina
     
    Kurat et al. (2004)+2 other referencesLANFRANCHINIPagano et al. (2016)+3 other referencesPONS+2 other referencesBrodtkorb (2002)+1 other reference
    Australia
     
    McQueen+2 other referencesCundari (1973)+3 other referencesMulholland (1984)Eggleton+3 other referencesAshley et al. (1997)Preliminary sulphur isotopes report. In ...+1 other referenceSeccombe et al. (1998)Gole (1981)Stevens+2 other referencesGilligan et al. (1992)Knutson+4 other referencesBlampain et al. (2006)Birch (1999)M Willoughby collectionVera Munro-Smith (2006)Ramdohr (1950)Teale et al. (2006)Raymond (1992)+2 other referencesEdwardsOliver et al. (1985)+1 other referenceCave et al. (2024)Williams et al. (1998)+1 other referencePobleteLehrmann (2012)Lehrmann (2012) ...+5 other referencesAshley (1980)Edraki et al. (2025)ROSS et al. (1987)Hutcheon et al. (1982)G.S. Teale and A.M. Brewer (2003)Nikolakopoulos (2013)www.homestead.com (n.d.)+1 other referenceTaheriBottrill et al. (2008)Amy B.D. Cockerton and Andrew G. Tomkins (2012)Burchard (1977)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill (2018)Kwak et al. (1988)Clarke et al. (1983)+3 other referencesSorrell (n.d.)R. Lawrence. Mesozoic Geology of ...+3 other referencesSimpson (1948)Gole (1982)Mueller et al. (2008)De Laeter et al. (1978)+3 other referencesEconomic Geology (1997)Meinert+1 other reference
    Austria
     
    U. Kolitsch et al. (2009)Götzinger (1978)+2 other referencesKolitsch et al. (2013)Beran et al. (1985)"in den Grenzbereich Salit/Ferrosalit"]+1 other referenceBeran et al. (1985)Strasser (1989)Postl et al. (2011)Taucher (1989)www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016)Exel (1993)Exel (1993)Kolitsch et al. (2012)+1 other reference
    Azerbaijan
     
    Agaev et al. (2019)
    Brazil
     
    Leandro et al. (2022)ConceicaoConceicao et al. (2009)Lobata & Fyfe (1995)+1 other referenceMesquita et al. (2017)Coldebella et al. (2020)Coldebella et al. (2020)Vlach et al. (2018)Souza Neto et al. (2008)Souza Neto et al. (2008)+1 other referenceCosta et al. (2024)Souza Neto et al. (2008)Vlach (2012)33rd International Geological Congress (2008)33rd International Geological Congress (2008)Rojas et al. (2016)Queiroz (2016)
    Bulgaria
     
    Bonev (2007)Yana Tzvetanova et al. (2018)Vassileva et al. (2009)A. Piestrzynski (2001)[MinRec 22 p.439]Bonev et al. (2003)Grozdanov+4 other referencesI. Kostov et al. (1964). Kostov et al. (1964)
    Cameroon
     
    Njonfang et al. (2000)Tetsopgang et al. (2003)Marzoli et al. (Africa)+8 other referencesdoi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128+8 other referencesPouclet et al. (2014)
    Canada
     
    Peterson T.DPell (1994)REAMSBOTTOM (1971)Ghent et al. (1990)Peatfield (n.d.)Ray et al. (1994)MINFILE No 092HSE060+2 other referencesRay et al. (1983)Econ Geol (1992)Dawson+1 other referenceRay et al. (1994)Econ Geol (1990)Parrish (1977)Miller et al. (1995)- (1998)+2 other referencesLi et al. (2021)Acosta-Góngora et al. (2015)Doucette et al. (1997)Meinert+1 other referenceJiricka (2013)Sangster+1 other referenceKing (n.d.)King (n.d.) ...E. William Heinrich (1962)Bud Schafferwww.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)Currie (1980)Age of the Cabonga nepheline syenite+4 other referencesEcon Geol. (1995)+1 other referenceHorváth et al. (2013)Allcock (1982)Fred Schuster specimenGrice (1989)+1 other referenceChartrand (1999)Nadeau et al. (2015)Petrella (2013)W. W. Moorhouse and N. Shepherd (1963)May 1984+4 other referencesShaw et al in Canadian Mineralogist (1962)+1 other referenceSteadman et al. (2015)Montgomery et al. (1972)+1 other referenceLayne et al. (1988)Layne et al. (1988)L. A. Dick and G. W. Robinson (1979)
    Cape Verde
     
    Barker et al. (2012)
    Central African Republic
     
    Hoinkes et al. (1979)
    Chad
     
    Vincent (Sahara du Tchad)+4 other references
    Chile
     
    Singer et al. (2008)Maskaev et al. (2007)
    China
     
    Xuncheng Wang and Yucai Zhou (1995)+1 other referenceZhiyu Zhang et al. (2010)Qingtao Huang (1984)Xiao et al. (2022)Bin Cui (1987)+1 other referenceXu et al. (2000)Xiong et al. (2024)Hong et al. (2013)Zhenhua Zhou et al. (2011)Yiming Zhao et al. (1982)+2 other referencesYongjun Di et al. (2006)Yongjun Di et al. (2006)Yiming Zhao et al. (1982)Yongjun Di et al. (2006)+1 other referenceDuifu Liu and Yufeng Chen (2005)Qingtong Ye et al. (1983)Zhang et al. (2024)He et al. (2024)Guoxiang Chi et al. (1993)Liangqi Lei et al. (2002)Liangqi Lei et al. (2002)Jiang (2005)Zhaoshan Chang et al. (2006)Meng et al. (2022)Jichang Weng et al. (2010)Qiu et al. (2024)Mao et al. (2011)Xingjie Jia et al. (2012)Huang et al. (2024)Zhang et al. (2023)Jian Wang et al. (2014)Jingwen Mao et al. (2004)Zhenhua Zhou et al. (2011)Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003)+3 other referencesHuifang Liu and Qi Lu (2008)Huanzhang Lu and Crawford (1986)Chen et al. (1992)+2 other referencesCai et al. (2024)+1 other referenceDequan Zhang et al. (1991)+4 other referencesYunfen Lei and Dequan Zhang (1991)+2 other referencesMei et al. (2023)Ottens et al. (2012)Ottens et al. (2014)Feng Yuan et al. (2012)Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003)+1 other referenceFu et al. (2023)Hanwen Zhang (2001)Li et al. (2023)Zhang et al. (2025)Miao Yu et al. (2013)Li et al. (2011)+1 other referenceYiming Zhao et al. (2013)Chen et al. (2023)Yiming Zhao et al. (2013)Jiannan Liu et al. (2013)+1 other referenceShengchao Ma et al. (2013)Wang et al. (2023)+1 other referenceWang et al. (2009)Zhaolong Li and Lianying Zhang (1999)+1 other referenceZhenhua Zhou et al. (2011)Yang et al. (2024)Xue et al. (2021)Ma et al. (2022)Ma et al. (2022)Shu et al. (2024)Xu et al. (2024)Weizheng Hu et al. (2006)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Li et al. (2020)+1 other referenceLiu et al. (2022)Liu et al. (2022)Mao et al. (2005)Jiaxing Li et al. (2003)+1 other referenceZhixin Zhang et al. (2011)Liu et al. (2016)Chuandong Xue et al. (2008)Hua Huang et al. (2014)WANGSiyao Chen et al. (2013)+2 other referencesHuijuan Peng et al. (2014)Tao Ren et al. (2013)Zhenhua Zhou et al. (2011)Xu et al. (2021)Kaiji Yu (1984)+1 other referenceKaiji Yu (1984)Kaiji Yu (1984)Cai et al. (2018)
    Colombia
     
    Econ Geol (1984)
    Czech Republic
     
    Tasáryová et al. (2014)Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ...+1 other referenceZácek (2007)Novák et al. (2013)+1 other referenceŠrein+3 other referencesVeselovskỳ et al. (2018)Dalibor MatýsekKing (n.d.)Malec et al. (2013)Ettler et al. (2015)Houzar et al. (2008)HouzarFilip et al. (2002)Gramblička (n.d.)Hyrsl et al. (2009)HouzarRieder et al. (1970)ČERMÁKMalec et al. (2013)HrazdilHouzar+5 other references
    Djibouti
     
    Richard+3 other references
    Dominican Republic
     
    Krebs et al. (2008)
    DR Congo
     
    Andersen et al. (2014)Rumvegeri et al. (1985)
    Ecuador
     
    Vallance et al. (2009)
    Egypt
     
    Abouzeid et al. (2014)Frisch et al. (1999)International Geological Congress (2008)Helmy et al. (2021)International Geological Congress (2008)
    Eritrea
     
    Journal of Petrology
    Ethiopia
     
    Black et al. (1972)Varet (1970)
    Finland
     
    Kinnunen (1988)Ahven (2012)+1 other referenceIlkka Mikkola collectionHytönen (1999)Geological Survey of Finland Aijala - ...Geological Survey of Finland Liipola-N ...Latva
    France
     
    Brousse+7 other referencesChauris (2014)Bonin et al. (1972)+3 other referencestemporal trends in a large Polynesian shield volcano. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (2)+6 other referencesLacroix A. (1931)+4 other referencesWittern et al. (1997)El Mendili et al. (2022)Bull. Minéral.+8 other referencesBull. Minéral.publication date: November 2018+1 other referenceCollection TRENCART+1 other referenceGuitard (2010)
    Germany
     
    Tschauner+3 other referencesMineralien-Welt 18 (5)Weiß (1990)Lapis 12/1997 + 1/1998+2 other referencesin the collection of Christof SchäferBlass+1 other referenceBlass+1 other referenceBlass+1 other referenceBlass+1 other referencein the collection of Christof Schäferin the collection of Christof Schäfer+1 other referenceC.Auer (2019)Lapis (10)www.mineralienatlas.de (2016)Gröbner J.+1 other referenceReinhardt et al. (2022)Reinhardt et al. (2022) ...Meyer et al. (2025)Schlegel (1991)www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)www.dergraul.de (2001)Lapis 30 (7/8)Reinhardt et al. (2022)Reinhardt et al. (2022)
    Greece
     
    Economou et al. (1981)+1 other referenceRieck et al. (2018)Kolitsch et al. (2014)Gauthier et al. (1991)Gauthier et al. (1991)Gauthier et al. (1991)Ko Jansen+1 other referenceVlachopoulos et al. (2019, May)Rocks & Min.: 64 (5)+1 other referenceKorosidis et al. (2022, March)
    Greenland
     
    Schönenberger et al. (2008)Coulson (2003)Petersen et al. (1993)+1 other referenceParsons et al. (1981)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)Stephenson et al. (1982)Nielsen et al. (2015)Woolley (1987)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
    Honduras
     
    Econ Geol (2004)
    Hungary
     
    Szakáll: Minerals of Szár HillBrearley et al. (1998)+2 other references
    Iceland
     
    Roobol (1974)+1 other referenceJørgensen (1980)+1 other referenceMartin et al. (2007)+1 other reference
    India
     
    Shaikh et al. (2017)Shaikh et al. (2017)Sadashivaiah et al. (1965, February)+1 other referenceNag et al. (1984)+6 other referencesMadhavan et al. (1981)+5 other referencesNarasayya et al. (1974)Bhattacharyya (1985)Chowdhury (2007)N. Subba Reddy (1982)N. Subba Reddy (1989)
    Indonesia
     
    Soeria-Atmadja et al. (1988)+1 other referenceEcon Geol (1997)+1 other referenceNew (2006)Abidin et al. (2014)Idrus et al. (2009)
    Iran
     
    Hezarkhani (2004)Shoale et al. (2007)Mazhari et al. (2009)
    Israel
     
    Britvin et al. (2019)
    Italy
     
    Lecacheur et al. (2024)Croze (1989)Russo et al. (2004)Panikorovskii et al. (2017)Kimura et al. (1997)+1 other referenceFederico et al. (2002)Bedognè et al. (2006)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Verkaeren et al. (1979)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Gamboni et al. (2006)Stara et al. (1996)Krzysztof Andrzejewski+1 other referenceStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1994)Sabelli (2000)Cocco et al. (2022)Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Stara et al. (1993)Baldanza (1958)Carmichael I.S.E. (1962)+1 other referenceBagiński et al. (2018)Nannoni R.Bazzoni C. et al. (2011)Brizzi G. et al. (GR)Bazzoni et al. (2007)Costagliola et al. (2008)Costagliola et al. (2008)Costagliola et al. (2008)Costagliola et al. (2008)Bazzoni et al.Dini et al. (2013)Nannoni R. et al. (2012)+1 other referenceDini A. (2013)+3 other referencesMascaro et al. (1995)De Michele (1974)+2 other referencesGarofalo et al. (2025)N. Calanchi et al. (1976)[mentioned for Calamite Mine]Garofalo et al. (2025)Nannoni R. et al. (2012)Nannoni R. et al. (2012)+1 other referenceFranzini et al. (1992)+3 other referencesE. Manasse (Isola d'Elba)De Michele (1974)Garofalo et al. (2025)F. Barberi et al.+1 other referenceDe Michele (1974)+1 other referenceStoppa F.Fabio Tosato et al. (2024)
    Japan
     
    INOUE et al. (1991)Pautov et al. (2013)Imaoka et al. (2024)Field observation in AprilField observation in Mar.Jitsutaro Takubo+4 other referencesWakabayashi+1 other reference9:211-223+2 other referencesSadanaga et al. (1974)+1 other referenceShimada et al. (1981)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceShimizu et al. (1993)Okuno (1964)+2 other references- (n.d.)Osakabe et al. (1983)- (n.d.)Field observation by Hiroaki Tano- (n.d.)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceEtsuo Uchida (1986)+1 other referenceMatsubara (2003)- (n.d.)Watanabe (1959)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Nambu et al. (1977)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceYamada (2004)- (n.d.)Uehara et al. (2014)Imai (1978)HaradaASAKAWA et al. (1980)Matsumoto (1968)- (n.d.)IMAI et al. (1972)Petrov (n.d.)Masutomi Museum specimens+1 other referenceSadanaga et al. (1974)Sugaki et al. (1980)Hiroshi TakahashiMatsueda (1983)Drill core preserved at the prefectural ...+1 other referenceFujiwara (2006)Harada et al. (1965)Harada et al. (1970)Tanida et al. (1977)Sadanaga et al. (1974)Field observation by Hiroaki TanoUSGS Bulletin 1930Watanabe et al. (2003)Tomita (1936)+5 other references- (n.d.)Shimazaki (1977)+2 other referencesT. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952)Alfredo Petrov collection- (1998)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Nagashima et al. (2021)Sadanaga et al. (1974)Nagashima et al. (2016)
    Jordan
     
    Pitty et al. (2010)Galuskin et al. (2023)Pitty et al. (2010)
    Kazakhstan
     
    Fang An et al. (2014)maurice.strahlen.org (2003)
    Kenya
     
    RIDOLFI et al. (2006)White et al. (2012)Baker (1963)+2 other referencesMacdonald+2 other referencesMineralogical Magazine et al. (13)Webb+1 other referenceWeaver et al. (1972)+1 other reference
    Kosovo
     
    Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)Joana Koà Odziejczyk et al. ( 2012)+4 other references
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Pautov et al. (2013)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1963)Schwarz et al. (1996)Mukosi (2012)Lacroix (1922)+5 other references
    Malawi
     
    Garson (1960)+8 other referencespdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.)+11 other referencesWooley (2001)Bloomfield (Compiler)+6 other referencesalkcarb.myrocks.info (n.d.)
    Mali
     
    Liégeois et al. (1984)+1 other referenceBlack et al. (1979)+2 other referencesJ.F. Sauvage (pers. comm. 1985)+1 other referenceBa et al. (1985)+1 other reference
    Mauritania
     
    - (n.d.)
    Mexico
     
    Fries and SchmitterPanzcer (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Espejel-Garcia et al. (2012, December)Brenker et al. (2002)Megaw (2023)- (1998)+1 other referenceTritlla+7 other referencesdoi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.9.1137+2 other referencesMa et al. (2001)+1 other referenceEdelen (2013)Carles Canet et al. (2011)Tritlla et al. (2004)JulioSiesgesmund et al. (2018)Panczner (1987)Megaw (2023)Megaw (2023)Parker (2010)Parker (2010)Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...Megaw (2023)Megaw (2023)Canet et al. (2009)
    Middle East
     
    Vapnik et al. (2006)
    Mongolia
     
    Savina et al. (2020)Kononova et al. (1982)+3 other referencesPavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other referencePavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other referenceAnatoly Nikiforov analytical dataPeretyazhko et al. (2017)Peretyazhko et al. (2018)
    Morocco
     
    Cheilletz et al. (1988)A. M. I. Martins collectionIbouh et al. (2011)+1 other referenceCherotzky+6 other referencesEcon Geol (1989)
    Myanmar
     
    Zhang et al. (2025)Guo et al. (2016)
    Namibia
     
    www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)von Bezing (2007)Nörtemann et al. (2000)+1 other referenceBürg et al. (1942)Steven et al. (1994)von Bezing et al. (2016)Prins+4 other referencesBernasconi (1981)+2 other references
    Nepal
     
    Wilke et al. (2001)
    New Zealand
     
    Ewart et al. (1968)+4 other referencesNZJGGNZJGGNZJGGSewell+7 other referencesMason (1951)+3 other referencesSuggate et al. (1978)+5 other referencescrownminerals.med.govt.nz (2004)Smith+5 other referencesganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp (n.d.)Kimura et al. (1998)Christie et al. (1995)
    Nicaragua
     
    Hynek et al. (2013)
    Niger
     
    Black+2 other referencesconsequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+3 other referencesBlack+3 other referencesconsequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+2 other references
    Nigeria
     
    Bennett et al. (1984)a link between the Younger Granite districts of Nigeria and S Niger. Journal of the Geological Society (1)+2 other referencesWoolley (2001)Turner+1 other reference
    North Africa
     
    Keil (2012)
    North Korea
     
    Takubo et al. (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)+1 other referenceAbstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology and Isotope Geology (1994)
    North Macedonia
     
    Strmić Palinkas et al. (2013)Dolenec et al. (2015)
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Irving et al. (2003, March)Fintor et al. (2014)Mikouchi et al. (2012)
    Norway
     
    Garmo (1999)+2 other referencesGoldschmidt (1911)Goldschmidt (1911)Goldschmidt (1911)Goldschmidt (1911)Berg et al. (2003)Prestvik et al. (1999)Prestvik et al. (1999)Goldschmidt (1911)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-181 (Goldschmidts description + visual id)P. Andresen (2005)Neumann (1944)Bancroft et al. (2001)Torgeir T. Garmo collectionAtle Michalsen CollectionJames et al. (1993)Olerud (1979)Eigil Ormaasen (1977)Eldjarn (1978)Andresen (1990)Maijer (1987)Mitchell (1980)Andersen et al. (1993)Larsen (1993)Larsen et al. (2002)Larsen (1993)Larsen et al. (2002)Larsen et al. (2002)Larsen et al. (2002)Larsen et al. (2002)Larsen et al. (2022)Nordrum (2005)Larsen et al. (2022)Larsen (1993)Zozulya et al. (2018)Michalsen (2010)Piilonen et al. (2013)
    Oman
     
    Zhang et al. (2009)Yukio et al. (2006)
    Pakistan
     
    Blauwet et al. (2004)Blauwet et al. (2004)+1 other referenceimported from Shigar District+2 other referencesJose Zendrera Collection
    Peru
     
    Singer et al. (2008)McKeon (2019)
    Poland
     
    Włodyka et al. (2015)Domań+2 other referencesLis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Koszowska E. 2002: ...
    Portugal
     
    Abdel-Monem et al. (1975)+11 other referencesRidolfi et al. (2003)Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    Shimizu et al. (1998)Marincea et al. (2023)Papp et al. (2005)SzakállSzakáll et al. (2010)Ilinca (2012)Stefan Nicolescu (1996)Ciobanu et al. (2004)Szakáll (2002)Klötzli et al. (2022)
    Russia
     
    Doroshkevich et al. (2012)Kasatkin AVAlexei Kuznetsov dataScientific Report 5:9111Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other referenceSandimirova et al. (2014)+1 other reference ...+1 other referenceSoloviev et al. (2022)Prokopyev+4 other referencesZaitsev et al. (2022)Sklyarov et al. (2021)Политов В.К. (1983)Arzamastsev et al. (2006)Yakovenchuk et al. (2008)Pekov et al. (2004)Kogarko et al. (1995) ...Bazai et al. (2009)Kalinin et al. (2024)Grant et al. (2001)Vasilenko (2001)Grant et al. (2001)Grant et al. (2001)+1 other referenceDobovol'skaya et al. (1990)+3 other referencesSimanenko (2006)+1 other referenceGrant et al. (2001)King (n.d.)Grant et al. (2001)Grant et al. (2001)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Gvozdev (2001)+1 other referencePerevoznikova et al. (2022)Перевозникова et al. (СИХОТЭ-АЛИНЬ)Gvozdev (2007)Belakovskiy (2003)Grebennikov (2011)Edgar John Peter Sutton specimenKovalskaya et al. (2017)Kostin (2021)Africano et al. (2003)+1 other referenceMason B. (1979)Tatarinov et al. (2021)Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical dataDavid A. Kring (1987)Doroshkevich et al. (2016)Lebedev et al. (2019)webmineral.ru (2020)Murzin et al. (2022)Kovalev et al. (2019)
    Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
     
    Bell+20 other references
    Saint Lucia
     
    M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al.
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Baker et al. (1973)+1 other reference
    Serbia
     
    Pačevski et al. (2018)Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)
    Seychelles
     
    Baker (1963)+1 other reference
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)RojkovičováKoděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Faryad S. W. (1987)Pauliš et al. (2002)Duda eut al.ĎuďaĎuďaOzdín D. & Rojkovič I.
    South Africa
     
    Reid (1974)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Harmer (1999)Van der Merwe (2011)S.M.C. Verryn et al (1991)Cairncross et al. (1995)Rozendaal et al. (2009, May)
    South Korea
     
    Choi+6 other referencesYang et al. (2010)Lee (ed)+8 other referencesAhn et al. (2017)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Kinosaki (1941)Yoo et al. (2011)Kim et al. (2025)CHOI et al. (1985)+1 other reference
    South Sudan
     
    Zolensky et al. (1993)+1 other reference
    Spain
     
    Romero Silva (2003)+1 other referenceMesa et al. (2002)Cepedal et al. (2021)Calvo et al. (2014)Casillas et al. (2024)Timón (2008)Mata i Perelló (1990)Calvo Rebollar (2014)C. Canet et al.Mineralogistes de CatalunyaRuíz García (1976)António Manuel Ináçio Martins.Tornos et al. (2006)Williams (1983)Williams (1983)HîrtopanuAdrian Pesudo Collection
    Sweden
     
    Lasskogen (2010)+1 other referenceJansson et al. (2013)Holtstam (2001)Jansson et al. (2013)Weibull (1883)AsklundWilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Wilke (1997)Moore (2001)Hellingwerf (1985)c1997+1 other referenceHedenberg et al. (Stockholm, 1806-18)+1 other referenceTorstensson (2004)Gatedal (n.d.)Magnusson (1929)Magnusson (1929)Flink+1 other referenceKnut Eldjarn collection - collected in ...database. www.nrm.se- mincatGatedal (n.d.)Sandström et al. (2009)Östra Värmlands Mineral SocietyEcon Geol (1984)Nysten (2004)Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum)Eckermann+19 other referencesTurner (2020)
    Switzerland
     
    Armbruster et al. (2000)Roth et al. (2011)van der Burgt et al. (2014)Stalder et al. (1998)
    Tajikistan
     
    Reguir et al. (1999)Yatimov et al. (2022)- (1998)Badalov et al. (1976)Badalov et al. (1976)
    Tanzania
     
    Mitchell et al. (2022)
    Thailand
     
    Charusiri et al. (1990)
    Turkey
     
    Oyman (2003)ÜLKAY KUÞCU (2001)erik vercammen field observations and ...Kilic et al. (2024)
    UK
     
    Russell (1946)A. Hall (1982)+1 other referenceGolley et al. (1995)Dines (1956)Eastwood et al. (1968)+1 other referencewww.mineralman.f9.co.uk (2001)an example from the British Tertiary Igneous Province. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh (4)+4 other referencesB.G.J. Upton et al.Tanner et al. (1972) ...Smith et al. (2002)Paul Render.+1 other referenceTilley (1948)The Geology of SkyeEmeleus et al. (1992)Phemister (1926)+5 other referencesRender (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)
    Ukraine
     
    AV et al. (2011)O.K.Babynin et al. (2006)Krivdik et al. (1988)Kogarko et al. (1995)Kogarko et al. (1995)Shumlyanskyy et al. (2021)
    USA
     
    Cook et al. (1982)USGS Bull 358+1 other referenceUSGS PP 1760AWaylandSchaller (1929)- (2008)- (2008)Anthony et al. (1995)- (1951, July)Anthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)EastlickAnthony et al. (1995)Reiter (1981)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)+2 other referencesWilson et al. (1950)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039591Anthony et al. (1995)- (1915)Schrader (1915)Schrader (1915)+3 other referencesHoward et al. (1995)+1 other referenceErickson+2 other referencesZolensky (2014)Chesterman (1942)+2 other referencesBateman (1965)+2 other referencescurator.jsc.nasa.gov (2013)Morgan (1975)+2 other referencesBateman (1951)+3 other referencesMurdoch (1966)Richmond (1939)+1 other reference- (2005)Wyckoff et al. (1925)+2 other referencesPrescott (1908a)+4 other referencesGoodwin (1958)+2 other referencesEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)J. Zolan Collec.Ream (2004)Ream (1995)Rocks & Min. 70:255Ream (2004)Ream (1995)Ream (2004)Umpleby et al. (1923)Umpleby et al. (1923)Peter Cristofono collectionMason B. (1979)King (n.d.)Gleba (2008)Gleba (2008)McKinstry (1921)Palache (1950)"Western Massachusetts Mineral ...Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)- (2005)Gobla (2012)Kaplan (2016)LaPointe et al. (199)LaPointe et al. (199)- (2005)Gillerman (1982)LaPointe et al. (199)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Economic Geology+6 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)MacDonald et al. (2019)- (2005)Johnson (1977)+1 other reference- (2005)Meyers et al. (1956) ...MorrillSmith (2005)Gorring et al. (2024)- (1960)Dunn (1995)King (n.d.)Dunn (1995)Dunn (1995)King (n.d.)D. Steven Kuitems specimenC. LemanskiCommon knowledge among local ...King (n.d.)Volkert (2010) ...Northrop et al. (1996)Dunham (1935)+1 other referenceDunham (1935)+1 other referenceMinerals of the Ground Hog Mine Grant ...Northrop et al. (1996)New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook+2 other references- (2005)3rd Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1983)+1 other reference- (2005)Northrop et al. (1996)Griswold (1959)+1 other referenceUSGS Bull 945C+1 other referenceR. Chamberlain (1974)Gibbs (1989)GF Loughlin (1942)Patrick E. HaynesEconomic Geology+5 other referencesYale Peabody MuseumChiarenzelli et al. (2019)Robinson et al. (2007)Chamberlain et al. (1999)Steven C. Chamberlain & George W. Robinson (2013)Robinson et al. (2007)- (Januzzi, 1966, 1989)+1 other referenceRobinson et al. (2007)Chiarenzelli et al. (2019)Leonard et al. (1964)New York State Museum mineral collection+1 other referenceStreeter (2003)U.S Bureau of Mines /Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry (Mas/Mils)U.S Bureau of Mines/Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (Mas/Mils)U.S Bureau of Mines/Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (Mas/Mils)Micro Probe Volume X Number 2Roberts et al. (1965)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Paris (2011)Srinivasan et al. ( 2000)Price (1983)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Dave crosbyAmMin 75:387-391 (1990)Woodford et al. (2001)Bullock (1981)Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)Woolley (1987)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Crystals and Minerals Vol. 2 by Jon ...Cannon (1975)Econ Geol (1992)Washington GeologyGladwell (2022)Rocks & Minerals (1991)Rocks & Minerals (1991)Valentine et al. (1960)+2 other referencesAm.Jour.Sci. vol. 23 (1907)
    Uzbekistan
     
    Evseev (1995)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Vietnam
     
    Jadwiga PIECZONKA et al. (2019)
    Western Sahara
     
    Meteoritical Society Abstracts (2001)
    Zimbabwe
     
    Kisters et al. (1998)
    The Moon
     
    Quick NavTopAbout HedenbergiteUnique IdentifiersClassificationIMA ClassificationMineral SymbolsPhysical PropertiesOptical DataChemistryCrystallographyCrystal StructureEpitaxial RelationshipsX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType OccurrenceSynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationHedenbergite in petrologyInternet LinksReferencesLocalitiesLocality List
     
    and/or 
    Mindat.org is an outreach project of theHudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
    Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are© OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 byJolyon Ralph.
    Privacy Policy -Terms & Conditions -Contact Us / DMCA issues -Report a bug/vulnerabilityCurrent server date and time: April 1, 2025 03:27:14 Page updated: March 12, 2025 18:25:51