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Enargite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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ⓘSan Francisco vein, Morococha District, Yauli Province, Junín, Peru
Dimorph of:
Luzonite
Typically found as dark-grey to black massive material; crystals usually thick tabular, but may also be prismatic.

May contain minor Sb (Springer, 1969). The most Sb-rich enargite was found to have the composition Cu3As0.8Sb0.2S4 (Pósfai & Buseck, 1998).
Note: The synthetic systemCu3AsxSb1-xS4 has a two phase region at x = 0.8. Mixtures with x < 0.8 crystallize in the famatinite type, compositions with x > 0.8 crystallize in theenargite type (Pfitzner & Bernert, 2004).

Chemically similar totennantite which, however, has no cleavage.


Unique Identifiers
First published:
1850
Type description reference:
Breithaupt, J.F.A.; Plattner, C.F. (1850) Enargit, ein neues Mineral aus der Ordnung der Glanze.Annalen der Physik, 156 (7). 383-391doi:10.1002/andp.18501560708

Classification of Enargite

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
K : Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
A : Sulfarsenates with (As,Sb)S4 tetrahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
3.2.1.1
Dana 8th ed.:
3.2.1.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ø = 4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
6.3.1

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
3 : Sulpharsenates and sulphantimonates

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish-black to black, grey/rose-brown in reflected light.
Streak:
Black.
Hardness:
3 onMohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {110}, imperfect on {100} and {010}, indistinct {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.4 - 4.5 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.40 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Enargite
Common Impurities:
Sb,Fe,Pb,Zn,Ag,Ge

Crystallography of Enargite
Twinning:
Common on {230}, sometimes as star-shaped cyclic trillings. Note that the twin law is erroneously given as {320} in the literature; an explanation the error, which was recognised by Pete Richards, is given in the FMF link (mineral-forum.com) in the references section.
Comment:
Cell parameters from Karanović et al. (2002).

Crystallographic forms of Enargite
Click on an icon to view
Enargite no.11 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Enargite - Tabular {001}
Enargite - {110}, {001}, modified
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

Toggle
Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal StructureButte, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA 1584
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.22 Å(40)
3.21 Å(80)
3.07 Å(90)
2.84 Å(80)
1.85 Å(60)
1.73 Å(100)
1.59 Å(50)
1.26 Å(40)
Locality:
San Francisco vein, Morococha District, Yauli Province, Junín, Peru
Reference:
Breithaupt, J.F.A.; Plattner, C.F. (1850) Enargit, ein neues Mineral aus der Ordnung der Glanze.Annalen der Physik, 156 (7). 383-391doi:10.1002/andp.18501560708

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 6929.
Reference:
Breithaupt, J.F.A.; Plattner, C.F. (1850) Enargit, ein neues Mineral aus der Ordnung der Glanze.Annalen der Physik, 156 (7). 383-391doi:10.1002/andp.18501560708

Synonyms of Enargite

Other Language Names for Enargite

Varieties of EnargiteStannoenargiteSn-bearing enargite.

Common AssociatesOrth.mm2 :Pmn212.KA.10BriartiteCu2FeGeS4Tet.2.KA.10KeutschiteCu2AgAsS4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.10PermingeatiteCu3SbSe4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.10LuzoniteCu3AsS4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.10BarquilliteCu2CdGeS4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.10FamatiniteCu3SbS4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.10ZincobriartiteCu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4Tet.42m :I42m2.KA.15FangiteTl3AsS4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma

Other Information
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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • References for EnargiteⓘKundalan Cu-polymetallic depositSinger et al. (2005)
    Antarctica
     
    Petersen et al. (2004)
    Argentina
     
    FRANCHINI (27º26'S-66º16'O)+2 other referencesRecursos Minerales de la Republica ...+3 other referencesMARQUEZ-ZAVALIAYaciuk et al. (2021)PUTZ+2 other referencesPUTZ+2 other referencesMarquez-Zavalia et al. (2007)Natural History Museum Vienna collection (catalogued in 1883)Sureda (1978)Coira et al. (1995)+1 other referenceBrodtkorb (2002)Brodtkorb et al. (1999)Paar et al. (2005, January)Brotkorb (2002)+1 other referenceDe Brodtkorb (2009)de Brodtkorb+2 other referencesROBL+1 other referenceBrodtkorb (2002)Salado-Paz et al. (2022)Brodtkorb (2002)+2 other referencesZwahlen et al. (2014)Perelló et al. (2023)Sillitoe et al. (2019)William R. Gilmour et al. (2017)Gilmour et al. (2017)Nilda E. Urbina & P. Sruoga (2008)Honnorez-Guerstein (1971)+1 other referenceFERNANDEZ+1 other referenceJovic et al. (2011)
    Armenia
     
    Kolpakova et al. (2001)+2 other referencesValls et al. (2013)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceKhachaturyan+1 other referenceHovakimyan et al. (2019)Hovakimyan et al. (2019)Singer et al. (2008)+2 other referencesHovakimyan et al. (2019)Mederer et al. (2014)+2 other referencesKhachaturian (1958)Mederer et al. (2014)+2 other referencesMoritz et al. (2016)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceKaramyan (1957)+2 other referencesKukulyan (1988)
    Australia
     
    Stevens (1972)Singer et al. (2008)Markham et al. (1965)+1 other referenceDownes et al. (2011)JR Chapman - Geological Survey of NSW ...Gilligan et al. (1995)+4 other referencesGilligan (1975)Haddock (1974)Richardson et al. (1997)+1 other referenceCorral et al. (2019)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceCorral et al. (2019)Corral et al. (2019)Evolution Mining website+2 other referencesCorral et al. (2019)Corral et al. (2019)Corral et al. (2019)leme.anu.edu.au (n.d.)Ehrig et al. (2012)Ralph Bottrill et al in prep.+1 other referenceR. BottrillMarkham et al. (1965)Bottrill et al. (2008)AGSO Research Newsletter May 2000Brathwaite (1969)+1 other referenceMapani et al. (1994)Hollis et al. (2017)+1 other referenceSimpson (1948)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1948)
    Austria
     
    Kharbish et al. (2007)Pichler (2009)Pichler (2009)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Huber et al. (1977)+1 other referenceNeuner (1956)Strasser (1989)Kolitsch et al. (2012)Strasser (1989)Schachinger et al. (2014)Strasser (1989)Meixner (1978)Kharbish et al. (2007)Schachinger et al. (2014)Strasser (1989)C.Auer (2014)Strasser (1989)Niedermayr (1997)+1 other referencePichler (2009)Postl (1990, 1991)+1 other referenceTaucher (1995)Postl et al. (2019)Schachinger et al. (2014)Leitner (2013)Raith et al. (2015)C.Auer (2024)Postl et al. (1988)+1 other referenceRaith et al. (2015)Wetzenstein (1972)- (1994, July)+1 other referenceSchnorrer+Poeverlein (2005)Poeverlein et al. (2007)C.Auer (2015)Putz et al. (2012)Pichler (1869)+4 other referencesPutz et al. (2007)58.+1 other reference- (1994, July)- (1994, July)Arlt et al. (1994)Arthofer (2004)Brandstetter et al. (2020)
    Azerbaijan
     
    - (2005)Hemon et al. (2012)+1 other referenceBaba-zadeh et al. (2024)Arasly (1968)Hovakimyan et al. (2019)Hovakimyan et al. (2019)
    Bolivia
     
    Econ Geol (1991)Paar et al. (2009)Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)Ahlfeld (1955)USGS Bulletin # 1975Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Wilson (2001)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Spencer (1907)Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)USGS Bulletin # 1975USGS Bulletin # 1975Sillitoe et al. (1998)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
     
    Ivan Jurković et al. (1999)JURKOVIĆ (1986)
    Brazil
     
    Moura et al. (2014)
    Bulgaria
     
    Tarkian et al. (1989)+1 other referenceDobrev et al. (2002)Marchev et al. (2005)Bogdanov et al. (1997)+2 other referencesBogdanov et al. (2004)+1 other referenceStrashimirov et al. (2002)+3 other referencesJana Kuncheva et al. (2022)+2 other referencesSinger et al. (2008)Nikolova et al. (2019)Marchev et al. (2005)Terziev (1966)+4 other references
    Canada
     
    Goble et al. (1973)Goble et al. (1973)Peatfield (n.d.)Singer et al. (2008)albite alunite andalusite andesine ...Simandl et al. (1992)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)R. O. Meyer collectionPeatfield (n.d.)+1 other referenceDuuring et al. (2009)Febbo et al. (2019)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2005)Sabina (1972)Manitoba MINERAL INVENTORY FILE NO. 660Sabina (1967)Sparkes et al. (2016)Dube et al. (1998)+1 other referenceNorman Wilson collectionThorpe et al. (1976)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1990)Azevedo et al. (2022)Lee et al. (2022)+1 other reference
    Chile
     
    Singer et al. (2008)WARREN (2005)Economic GeologyBárbara Romero et al. (2011)Camus et al. (1991)M. Dini collection+1 other referenceOndruš et al. (2006)V. SapienzaR.B. Cook: "Famous mineal locality+4 other referencesRivas-Romero+4 other referencesSinger et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Zentilli (2018)Gröpper et al. (1991)+1 other referenceDana 7:I:391.Econ Geol (1976)Stgo de Chile.+2 other referencesMaskaev et al. (2007)- (n.d.)+1 other reference- (n.d.)+2 other referencesLohmeier et al. (2025)Lohmeier et al. (2022)Maskaev et al. (2007)Deyell et al. (2005)+2 other referencesSinger et al. (2008)"Faja de mineralización de oro+5 other referencesHENLEY et al. (2011)+1 other reference"Faja de mineralización de oro+2 other referencesDana 7:391.Deyell et al. (2005)Singer et al. (2008)Dana 7:I:391.Econ Geol (1985)+2 other referencesMaskaev et al. (2007)- (2003)- (2003)- (2003)Singer et al. (2008)Tetra Tech Chile (2019)
    China
     
    Liu Wenyuan et al. (2014)Tianjun Gao and Rensheng Huang (1998)Tianjun Gao and Rensheng Huang (1998)Chen et al. (2019)+1 other referenceTianjun Gao and Rensheng Huang (1998)Tianjun Gao and Rensheng Huang (1998)+5 other referencesJinyan Yao (1994)+1 other referenceJinzhang Zhang (2013)Jin+1 other referenceJinyan Yao (1994)Xuehui Xia et al. (1996)Shaoguan Meiziwo Mining Industry Co.Jin'ao Na (1980)Debao Mao et al. (2005)[[1]]Li et al. (2022)Yingfu Zhao and Zengyao Lu (2004)Zhang et al. (2025)Wang et al. (2025)Qin et al. (2022)Chen et al. (2022)Zheng et al. (2025)Jidong Guan and Xiaohong Chai (2004)+1 other referenceKamitani et al. (2007)Kamitani et al. (2007)Qiuming Chen (1990)Li Lin et al. (2006)Xinkui Xiang et al. (2013)+1 other referenceChengde Kang (1990)Chuanming Li (1986)+4 other referencesLiyan Zhang and Jigang Tang (1996)Hai Zhao et al. (2008)Fu et al. (2025)Lu et al. (2025)Licheng Tang (1989)+2 other referencesWeiguang Zhu et al. (2002)Pei et al. (2024)Zheng et al. (2020)+1 other referenceZheng et al. (2024)Xu et al. (2025)Zhang et al. (2025)Wang et al. (2025)Zheng et al. (2025)Liu et al. (2024)WANG et al. (2014)+2 other referencesYang et al. (2022)+1 other referenceLin et al. (2018)[AmMin 85:264]Liu et al. (2024)Li et al. (2025)He et al. (2025)Wen et al. (2021)He et al. (2025)Cox et al. (2003)Cox et al. (2003)Cox et al. (2003)Jiajun Liu et al. (2010)Wen Yan and Chaoyang Li (1992)Mao et al. (2024)
    Colombia
     
    Goff et al. (1994)Nichols (1895)
    Croatia
     
    Šoštarić (2009)
    Cuba
     
    MoreiraMoreira
    Czech Republic
     
    Ondruš et al. (2003)Sejkora (1994)
    Dominican Republic
     
    Muntean et al. (1990)+4 other references
    DR Congo
     
    Deliens (1996)
    Ecuador
     
    - (2005)- (2005)Singer et al. (2008)
    Eritrea
     
    Barrie (2007)
    Europe
     
    Quellmalz (1992)ATANASSOVA+1 other reference
    Fiji
     
    1996+4 other referencesNaden+1 other referenceNaden+2 other references
    France
     
    P.G. Pélisson (pelisson@inist.fr)P. Le Roch collectionPélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Cesbron et al. (1985)+1 other referencePierrot et al. (1973)Chauris (2014)Pierrot et al. (1973)Pillard F. et al. (1985)De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2001)Wittern et al. (1997)Briggs et al. (1977)Maurizot et al. (2020)Brousse (1982)Harlaux et al. (2015, August)Pierrot et al. (France)Favreau et al. (2010)inventoire mineralogique de la france ...R. PierrotPierrot et al. (1974)+1 other referencePierrot et al. (1974)+1 other referencePierrot et al. (1972)+1 other referenceMari et al. (1979)Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...+2 other referencesFavreau et al. (2024)
    Georgia
     
    Ramaz Migineishvili (2005)
    Germany
     
    Walenta (1992)Wittern (2001)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Staude et al. (2010)Walenta (1992)+1 other referenceNickel et al. (1985)undefined+2 other referencesLapis 8 (4)Wittern (2001)https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=4860Schmitt (1993)Weiß (1990)Kopp et al. (2012)Weiß (1990)Lapis (10)Weiß (1990)Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Weiß (1990)Bender et al. (1994)Weiß (1990)Schnorrer (2000)+1 other referenceSchnorrer et al. (2000)www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)Heidtke (2001)Noll (1984)Noll (1984)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Dr. Günter Grundmann collectionWittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Gröbner et al. (2006)
    Greece
     
    Voudouris et al. (2008)Voudouris et al. (2003)+1 other reference50.+2 other referencesRieck et al. (1999)Rieck (n.d.)Skarpelis (2007)+1 other referenceSkarpelis (1999)+1 other referenceVoudouris (2006)+3 other referencesMarchev et al. (2005)+2 other referencesSinger et al. (2008)Voudouris+4 other referencesOrtelli et al. (2009)+1 other referenceMichael (2004)+3 other referencesFornadel et al. (2012)biomine.brgm.fr (2015)Robert Marschik et al. (2010)+1 other referenceRobert Marschik et al. (2010)+2 other references
    Greenland
     
    Pedersen (1980)+1 other referencePetersen et al. (1993)
    Hungary
     
    Szakáll & Weiszburg: TelkibányaSociety of Economic Geologists Student Chapter University of Miskolc (2018)Szakáll: Minerals of RudabányaGEODA 2004Szakáll et al. (1996)Papp et al. (2022)Szakáll: Minerals of Szár HillTakács+3 other referencesFOLDESSYSzakáll et al. (1996)+1 other reference
    India
     
    Tripathi et al. (2022)Mukherjee et al. (1998)Mukherjee et al. (1998)
    Indonesia
     
    Mulja et al. (2022)Ian A Taylor (2011)Schwartz (1991)Dana et al. (2024)www.pdac.ca (2003)Tumpangpitu porphyry-high sulphidation epithermal deposit et al. (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B)+1 other referenceSlater+4 other referencesAdi (2013)Perelló (1994)Scotney et al. (2005)King et al. (2014)King et al. (2014)Sweetapple et al. (2014)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)Pollard et al. (2002)New (2006)Nur et al. (2010)+1 other referencedoi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13179.41767+1 other referenceBožidar Zalokar (1990)Hakim (2017)Yuningsih (2010)+2 other referencesTun et al. (2015)Kieft et al. (1973)+1 other reference
    Iran
     
    Mikaeili et al. (2018)Singer et al. (2009)Singer et al. (2008)Altenberger et al. (2022)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceSamiee et al. (2022)Mehrabi et al. (2016)
    Ireland
     
    de Haller+8 other referencesMoreton et al. (2009)Ixer
    Italy
     
    Paolo Castello: Lo Ialofane e gli altri minerali del giacimento piombo-baritico del Trou des Romains (Courmayeur, Valle d'Aosta)Balestra (2016)Bedognè et al. (2006)Piccoli et al. (2007)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceDe Michele (1974)Billows (1941)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Pietracaprina et al. (1987)+1 other referenceStara et al. (1996)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)+2 other referencesRuggieri et al. (1997)Ruggieri et al. (1997)Ruggieri et al. (1997)Stara et al. (1996)G.Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)- (n.d.)Stara et al. (1996)Exel (1987)Daniel LorenzAachen/Deutschland.+1 other referenceDill (1979)Bazzoni C. et al. (2011)Brizzi G. et al. (GR)Batacchi et al. (2011)Del Chiaro et al. (1990)+2 other referencesBiagioni C. et al. (2019)Amodio Morelli L. et al. (Alpi Apuane)Orlandi et al. (1980)+3 other referencesOrlandi (1974)Orlandi et al. (2009)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (1980)+3 other referencesOrlandi et al. (2009)+2 other referencesGuelfi et al. (1987)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (2009)Franzini et al. (1982)+4 other referencesOrlandi et al. (2009)Orlandi et al. (2009)Orlandi et al. (2009)Orlandi et al. (1989)Orlandi (1984)Orlandi (1974)Orlandi et al. (1980)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (1980)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (2009)Del Chiaro et al. (1990)+1 other referenceLeoni et al. (1975)Bombarda et al. (1999)Orlandi et al. (2009)Orlandi et al. (2000)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (2009)Orlandi et al. (2000)+2 other referencesBiagioni et al. (2019)Prosperi et al. (2013)Tufar (1992)+1 other referenceDi Colbertaldo (1968)+1 other referenceFerialdi et al. (2003)AA VV: Brevi segnalazioni mineralogiche: Enargite di Mte Naro (Vicenza)+1 other reference
    Japan
     
    Harada (1954)Kitazono et al. (2003)www.mineralmundi.com/japan.htm (USGS)SATO et al. (1981)1996+5 other referencesPetrov (n.d.)1996+3 other referencesSadanaga et al. (1974)ISHIYAMA et al. (1990)Ishibashi (1960)+2 other referencesIMAI et al. (1999)+1 other referenceMinerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)+5 other referencesKamitani et al. (2007)YUNINGSIH et al. (2018)1996+3 other referencesEcon Geol (1989)Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)+1 other reference ...+1 other referenceSakurai collectionM. Watanabe (1951)Boyuan Zhang specimen - ...Suzuki et al. (2008)Maki et al. (1990)+1 other referenceAkasaka et al. (2007, August)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Junussov et al. (2018)Singer et al. (2008)Глоба В.А. Месторождение Манка - новый геолого-промышленный тип месторождений золота. // Изв. НАН РК et al. (403)Litvinovich et al. (1960)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Dill (1999)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Baibatsha et al. (2015)+1 other referenceBaibatsha et al. (2015)- (2005)- (2005)
    Kosovo
     
    Féraud J. (1979)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Kolesar et al. (1993)
    Malaysia
     
    Teh (1981)Econ Geol (1989)Caisheng Zhao et al. (2004)+1 other reference
    Mexico
     
    GrayPanczner (1987)Hoffmann (1968)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 56:247.+1 other referenceMoore (2008)CamprubiLarocque et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Lapis 2001 (1)Dana 7:I:381.www.alamosgold.com (2013)Valencia et al. (2008)Parker (2010)
    Mongolia
     
    Baichuang Guo et al. (2013)Khashgerel et al. (2008)Porter (Mike)+1 other referenceYikang Liu and Yebing Xu (2003)+3 other references
    Morocco
     
    S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8)Benchekroun et al. (2004)Barral et al. (2009)
    Myanmar
     
    Mitchell et al. (2008)+2 other referencesSint et al. (2019)
    Namibia
     
    Kamona et al. (1999)von Bezing (2007)Am Min (1959)Cairncross (1997)+1 other referenceCairncross (1997)+2 other referencesDunn (1991)Markham (1959)
    New Zealand
     
    de Ronde+16 other referencesChristie et al. (1994)Fraser (1910)Fraser (1910)Fraser (1910)Fraser (1910)Christie et al. (2007)Simmons et al. (2005)Fraser (1910)
    Nigeria
     
    Akande et al. (1992)
    North Macedonia
     
    Serafimovski et al. (2015)+1 other referenceHießleitner (1945)Vujanović (1958)Janković (1960)Peltekovski et al. (2012)Singer et al. (2008)Serafimovski et al. (2003)+3 other referencesRMZ - Materials and Geoenvironment Vol 52 No. 3 pp 535-548 (2006)Petrunov et al. (2001)+2 other referencesSerafimovski et al. (2016)
    Norway
     
    Krause (1965)Pedersen (1979)Larsen (2016)+1 other referenceLars O. Kvamsdal (SEM/EDS, PXRD)+1 other reference
    Oman
     
    Hannington et al. (1998)
    Pacific Ocean
     
    Tuomo Törmänen (2005)Choi et al. (2023)
    Pakistan
     
    Singer et al. (2008)+1 other reference
    Panama
     
    I. Corral et al. (2010)+3 other references
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Gena et al. (2001)Binns et al. (2004)Yeats et al. (2014)Yeats et al. (2014)Yates et al. (1967)Noku et al. (2002)+1 other referenceESPI et al. (22–25 October 2006)+2 other referencesSeccombe et al. (2005)Rinne et al. (2018)Rinne et al. (2018)Rinne et al. (2018)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2005)Espi et al. (2002)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    Hyršl (2009)Imai et al. (1985)+1 other referenceRainbow et al. (2005)collections of Rock Currier+1 other referenceBancroft (1984)Singer et al. (2008)Marcoux et al. (1994)+1 other referenceGibson (1992)Gibson (1992)Wang et al. (2024)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Simmons et al. (2005)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)Crowley et al. (1997)Lavinsky (n.d.)+1 other referenceBetts (n.d.)+2 other referencesGoodell et al. (1974)Dana 7:I:370.+1 other referenceHaas (n.d.)Singer et al. (2008)Acta Crystallographica et al. (1970)Singer et al. (2008)Luis M. Cerpa et al. (2011)Crowley et al. (1997)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)Pichardo et al. (2019)Betts (n.d.)Alvarez A et al. (1988)+1 other referenceSinger et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Graton+2 other referencesMichael W. Kieron collectionSmuda+5 other referencesCrowley et al. (1997)Regina Baumgartner et al. (2003)+1 other referenceBendezu et al. (2009)Economic Geology November 2009 vol. 104 ...+3 other referencesDube et al. (2014)Carlson et al. (1980)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)
    Philippines
     
    Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Deyell et al. (2011)+1 other referenceManalo et al. (2022)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceManalo et al. (2022)Manalo et al. (2022)Singer et al. (2008)Rocks & Min.: 22:23.+2 other referencesManalo et al. (2022)Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ...Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)Kolb et al. (2009)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other reference
    Poland
     
    Oszczepalski (1999)Mochnacka et al. (2015)Chmielewski et al. (2016)Piestrzyński et al. (2012)Oszczepalski (1999)Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)GAWEŁ A. (Middle Carpathians)Ostrowicki B. 1958: Nowe minerały ...+1 other reference
    Portugal
     
    Marques de Sá et al. (2010)Alves (n.d.)Gomes et al. (2016)Sousa et al. (1987)
    Romania
     
    UnknownCioacă et al. (2014)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceCook et al. (2003)Cook et al. (2003)Constantinescu et al. (1982)+1 other referenceSăbău et al. (2016)Bailly et al. (1998)Kovács et al. (2017)+1 other referenceJude Radu (2010)Ł. Kruszewski visual identification+1 other reference
    Russia
     
    Pekov (1998)Khomich V. G. and N. G. Vlasov (2001)Maslennikov et al. (2013)Maslennikov et al. (2013)Tseluyko et al. (2019)Plotinskaya et al. (2010)Plotinskaya et al. (2014)O.Yu. Plotinskaya data+2 other referencesPlotinskaya et al. (2014)Amplieva (2008)Maslennikov et al. (2013)Mineralogy of the Baimka Cu-Au trend et al. (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B)Chitalin et al. (2023)Chitalin et al. (2023)Singer et al. (2008)+1 other referenceYakich et al. (2021)www.igem.ru (2001)+1 other referenceПлутахина+7 other referencesTolstykh et al. (2019)+1 other referenceKozlov et al. (n.d.)+1 other referenceOkrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka)Bortnikov et al. (2023)Yakich et al. (2021)Tamara Yu. Yakich * et al. (2024)Singer et al. (2008)Cox et al. (2003)Belogub et al. (2008)Nokleberg et al. (1996)Warren J. Nokleberg et al (1996)L.M. Lebedev dataKovalenker et al. (2005)+1 other referenceVikent’ev et al. (2006)Safina+1 other referenceSafina+7 other referencesKasatkin et al. (2021)Ankusheva et al. (2017)+1 other referenceKuzhuget et al. (2023)+1 other referenceBerzina et al. (2005)+3 other referencesEfremov et al. (2021)
    Serbia
     
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    Slovakia
     
    RojkovičováKoděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Martin Števko-unpublished+1 other referenceHalahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak)+1 other referenceKozub G. et al. (2011)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Grecula (1995)Ďuďa et al. (1996)Koděra (1986)
    Slovenia
     
    Albrecht von Quadt et al. (2007)Albrecht von Quadt et al. (2007)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1992)+1 other referenceCairncross et al. (1995)
    Spain
     
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    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1978)+1 other referenceStalder et al. (1978)+1 other referenceAnsermet et al. (2011)
    Taiwan
     
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    Tunisia
     
    Slim-Shimi et al. (1996)
    Turkey
     
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    UK
     
    Peter Trebilcock Collection.Golley et al. (1995)Rollinson et al. (2017)Cooper (1995)Ixer et al. (1993)+1 other referenceLeake et al. (1979)+1 other referenceChapman et al. (2023)Chapman et al. (2023)Day (1999)Occurs with chalcopyrite on fluorite at ...SutphinNational Museum of Wales database+2 other references
    USA
     
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(2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Min.: 16:21.Jensen (1993)+1 other reference- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other reference- (2005)NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Garside et al. (2003)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Wallace et al. (1975)NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceAm Min 50:1498-1500Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)- (1976)Northrop et al. (1996)Dunham (1935)+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Singer et al. (2008)Maynard (2014)- (2005)USGS Prof Paper 588Mcknight et al. (1970)Mcknight et al. (1970)Mcknight et al. (1970)Mineral Notes & News et al. (Feb, 1974)+2 other referencesDana 6:13+1 other referenceEarle Sloan (1908)Paris (2011)Nikischer (2023)Rocks & Min.+1 other referenceAmMin 20:799- (2005)David W. Reynolds Collection No. ...- (2005)Bullock (1981)Utah Geological and Mineral SurveyDana et al. (1892)+3 other referencesBullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Dana 6: 1092+3 other references- (2005)+1 other referenceCollected by and in the collection of ...Collected by and in the collection of ...Bullock (1981)Lindgren et al. (1919)- (2005)Min News 9:9 p6-8- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Hildreth et al. (1996)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)Hildreth et al. (1996)- (2005)Min News 9:9 p6-8Hildreth et al. (1996)Roberts et al. (1994)+2 other referencesBullock (1981)+1 other referenceMeans et al. 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(1990, November)Cannon (1975)Valentine et al. (1960)+3 other referencesLambe et al. (1987)Heyl (1964)
    Uzbekistan
     
    Kovalenker et al. (2003)Kovalenker et al. (1997)
    Vietnam
     
    Mai et al. (2009)
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