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Dioptase

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored byMariusz Oleszczuk
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ⓘAltyn-Tyube dioptase deposit (Altyn-Tube), Altyn-Tyube area, Bukhar-Zhyrau District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan
Bright emerald-green modified rhombohedral usually elongated crystals.

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Dioptase.



Unique Identifiers

Classification of Dioptase

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
J : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings (sechser-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
Dana 7th ed.:
61.1.3.1
Dana 8th ed.:
61.1.3.1

61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
1 : Six-Membered Rings with [Si6O18] rings; possible (OH) and Al substitution
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.2.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited KingdomSorry, your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio.Debbie WoolfUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Dioptase
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Emerald Green, blue-green
Streak:
Green
Hardness:
5 onMohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {1011}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.28 - 3.35 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.296 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Dioptase
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
absorption reported as O>E;
however, absorption observed as O = very pale powder blue, E = pale cyan; E>O

Chemistry of Dioptase

Crystallography of Dioptase
Click on an icon to view
Dioptase no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Dioptase no.17 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal StructureTantara mine, Democratic Republic of the Congo 523
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.29 Å(50)
6.63 Å(4)
4.90 Å(25)
4.21 Å(5)
4.07 Å(30)
3.716 Å(7)
3.644 Å(9)
3.309 Å(9)
3.190 Å(15)
3.015 Å(5)
2.922 Å(6)
2.754 Å(9)
2.714 Å(20)
2.600 Å(100)
2.443 Å(60)
2.400 Å(15)
2.323 Å(1)
2.280 Å(10)
2.207 Å(9)
2.176 Å(3)
2.117 Å(20)
2.033 Å(7)
2.021 Å(6)
2.004 Å(1)
1.9576 Å(4)
1.8877 Å(5)
1.8684 Å(2)
1.8583 Å(1)
1.8310 Å(1)
1.8218 Å(2)
1.8009 Å(1)
1.7728 Å(3)
1.7566 Å(10)
1.7242 Å(20)
1.7078 Å(9)
1.6999 Å(20)
1.6718 Å(1)
1.6353 Å(7)
1.6143 Å(3)
1.5951 Å(5)
1.5903 Å(4)
1.5452 Å(1)
1.5071 Å(15)
1.4905 Å(6)
1.4790 Å(1)
1.4754 Å(1)
1.4621 Å(1)
1.4569 Å(2)
1.4510 Å(4)
1.4333 Å(1)
Locality:
Altyn-Tyube dioptase deposit (Altyn-Tube), Altyn-Tyube area, Bukhar-Zhyrau District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan
Comments:
ICDD 33-487.

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No defined type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Synonyms of Dioptase

Other Language Names for Dioptase

Common AssociatesTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m9.CJ.AvdeeviteNaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mmc9.CJ.Beryllocordierite-NaNaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2 · 2H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cccm9.CJ.SachanbińskiiteNaMn4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2 · 2H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cccm9.CJ.NakkaalaaqiteK2[Na3Ca]LiCa2Ti2Be4Si12O38Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Fddd9.CJ.05Johnkoivulaite-(Cs)Cs[Be2B]Mg2Si6O18Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.05BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.05BazziteBe3Sc2(Si6O18)Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.05Ferroindialite(Fe2+,Mg)2Al4Si5O18Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.05 vaVorobyeviteBe3Al2(Si6O18)9.CJ.05StoppaniiteBe3Fe3+2(Si6O18) · H2OHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.05IndialiteMg2Al3(AlSi5O18)Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P6/mcc9.CJ.10SekaninaiteFe2+2Al4Si5O18Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cccm9.CJ.10CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cccm9.CJ.15aZirsinaliteNa6(Ca,Mn2+,Fe2+)Zr(Si6O18)Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m9.CJ.15aKapustiniteNa6ZrSi6O16(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.CJ.15aTownenditeNa8ZrSi6O18Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m9.CJ.15aCombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m9.CJ.15aKazakoviteNa6Mn2+Ti(Si6O18)Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m9.CJ.15aTisinaliteNa3H3(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi6(O,OH)18 · 2H2OTrig.3m(32/m)9.CJ.15aLovozeriteNa2Ca(Zr,Ti)(Si6O12)[(OH)4O2] · H2OTrig. 3 :R39.CJ.15aLitvinskiteNa2(◻,Na,Mn)ZrSi6O12(OH,O)6Mon.m :Bm9.CJ.15cKoashviteNa6(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si6O18 · H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.CJ.15bImandriteNa12Ca3Fe3+2(Si6O18)2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.CJ.25BaratoviteKCa7(Ti,Zr)2Li3Si12O36F2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.CJ.25AleksandroviteKCa7Sn2Li3Si12O36F2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.CJ.25KatayamaliteKLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.CJ.35KostyleviteK2Zr(Si3O9) · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b9.CJ.40PetarasiteNa5Zr2(Si6O18)(Cl,OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m9.CJ.45Gerenite-(Y)(Ca,Na)2(Y,REE)3Si6O18 · 2H2OTric.1 :P19.CJ.50OdintsoviteK2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Fddd9.CJ.55MathewrogersitePb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6Trig.9.CJ.60Pezzottaite-(Cs)Cs(Be2Li)Al2(Si6O18)Trig.3 :R3

Fluorescence of Dioptase

Other Information
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    • References for Dioptasedoi:10.1103/physrevb.100.184401

    Localities for DioptaseⓘMavoio MineGysin (1957)+1 other reference
    Argentina
     
    Colombo et al. (2011)
    Australia
     
    Haupt (2012)Munro-Smith (2006)
    Canada
     
    Horváth et al. (2013)
    Chile
     
    Braithwaite et al. (2004)Maurizio Dini collection+1 other referenceZambra et al. (2007)sample analysed by Tony KampfUwe Kolitsch collection (SXRD-analysed)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceMr. Terry Szenics. Joan Rosell specimen ...maurizio dini collection - analysed ...collected and analysed by french ...samples analysed by Gerhard Moehn.Sample from the collection of Copiapó ...hède frédéric- (n.d.)+1 other referenceGerhard Möhn collectionMr. Terry Szenics+1 other reference"Informe preliminar sobre las minas del ...+3 other referencesSullivan (1979)Personally collected by Günter Frenz
    China
     
    Li et al. (2015)Jiyuan Zhou et al. (1999)
    Czech Republic
     
    Petr Pauliš (2000)Sejkora et al. (2007)
    DR Congo
     
    Jordi Fabre specimenGauthier et al. (1989)Deliens (1996)Kampunzu et al. (2009)Wilson (2018)No reference available to dateDeliens (1989)+1 other referenceLhoest et al. (1991)
    France
     
    Caubel (1997)
    Germany
     
    Belendorff (2007)Jahn (1999)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)
    Iran
     
    Bariand et al. (1963)Henley (1970)
    Israel
     
    Bartura (1974)Shlomovitch et al. (1996)
    Italy
     
    Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di ...+1 other referenceGruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10)Stara P. (1996)//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2025.23.17Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)L. Dell'Anna (1967)
    Japan
     
    Watanabe et al. (2003)
    Kazakhstan (TL)
     
    Cooper (1992)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan/Russia
     
    Mason (1976)
    Mexico
     
    Singer et al. (2008)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Lavinsky (n.d.)Panczner (1987)Megaw (2023)Panczner (1987)Fabre (n.d.)+1 other reference
    Morocco
     
    Tom Praskier has been to the locality and confirmed dioptase with (unknown)
    Namibia
     
    Brandstetter (2012)Niedermayr et al. (2008)+1 other referencevon Bezing et al. (2016)Schnaitmann et al. (2010)Jakob (1987)+2 other referencesSchnaitmann et al. (2010)Schnaitmann et al. (2010)Niedermayr et al. (2010)von Bezing (2007)von Bezing (2007)Brandstätter+3 other references ...+1 other reference[MinRec 19:117Personally collected by Don Windeler in ...Henglein (1921)Bezing et al. (2007)Cairncross (1997)+1 other referenceCairncross (1997)+1 other referenceDunn (1991)Markham (1959)Jean-Pierre specimens photo ID 1182191 ...
    New Zealand
     
    Railton et al. (1990)Railton et al. (1990)Railton et al. (1990)Fraser (1910)Railton et al. (1990)
    Peru
     
    - (specimens on sale in Lima, May 2004)Guido del Castillo (2004)+1 other reference
    Portugal
     
    Oliveira et al. (2025)Oliveira et al. (2025)
    Republic of the Congo
     
    Demetrius PohlDemetrius Pohlwww.mindat.org (n.d.)Redpath Museum collection+1 other referenceDemetrius PohlSpirifer Minerals specimensLavinsky (n.d.)Demetrius PohlDemetrius PohlDemetrius PohlDemetrius PohlDemetrius Pohl+1 other referencewww.spiriferminerals.com (2020)+1 other referenceDan Weinrich specimenKing et al. (1993)Demetrius Pohl
    Romania
     
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (2008)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Meyer et al. (1986)
    UK
     
    Hartley (1984)+1 other reference
    USA
     
    Mason (1976)Graeme (1993)Graeme (1981)Luetcke (n.d.)Robert Jenkins Raman SpectroscopyEastlick+1 other referenceChester S. Lemanski+1 other referenceKeith (1972)Anthony et al. (1995)Lausen (1925)+2 other referencesLausen (1925)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10095423Hills (1882)+6 other referencesDanaMRDS database Dep. ID #10048279Merritt Stephen Enders (2000)MRDS database Dep. ID #10048276MRDS database Dep. ID #10048293Anthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Hunt (1983)Hunt (1983)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)MRDS file #10037093.Thomas (1949)+1 other referenceThomas (1949)+3 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)King (n.d.)Galbraith et al. (1940)+5 other referencesPalache et al. (1951)Jones et al. (1983)Anthony et al. (1995)Smith (1887b)+2 other referencesJones et al. (1983)Anthony et al. (1995)Wilson et al. (1950)+6 other referencesShort et al. (1943)+2 other referencesRocks & Min.: 60 (1)+3 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceAndrew Haighton CollectionPaul M. Adams (2003)Ransome (1940)+1 other referenceWise (1993)Murdoch (1966)Personally collected by Bruce KelleyEDS analyzed by Bob Housley.Murdoch (1966)Crowley (1977)+5 other referencesThorne (n.d.)Dan Evanich field collected.Collected by and in the collection of ...Collected by and in the collection of ...Daniel J. Evanich field collected ...https://www.mindat.org/XHX-HEJMorris (1983)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)USGS PP 162]+1 other referenceUSGS PP 162]+1 other referenceUSGS PP 162]+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Kenneth ColemanK. StarnesCastor et al. (2004)CummingsDr. Eugene SenselNorthrop et al. (1996)Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral ...Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral ...Northrop et al. (1996)Rocks & Minerals 81:229-234Dmitry Stepanenko collection
    Zambia
     
    Mike Sweeney collection
    Zimbabwe
     
    Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)+1 other referenceCairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)
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