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Buckeye Mine (Buckeye Mines; Wright Mine), Mount Oso, Ladd-Buckeye Mining District, Stanislaus County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Buckeye Mine (Buckeye Mines; Wright Mine)Mine
Mount OsoMountain
Ladd-Buckeye Mining DistrictMining District
Stanislaus CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 31' 41'' North , 121° 23' 36'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
37.52806,-121.39361
GeoHash:
G#:9q9tmxgbg
GRN:
N26W69
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Westley603(2011)17.3km
Diablo Grande826(2017)17.7km
Grayson952(2011)19.3km
Tracy87,075(2017)23.7km
Patterson21,498(2017)24.1km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Mother Lode Mineral SocietyModesto, California37km
Livermore Valley LithophilesLivermore, California37km
Stockton Lapidary & Mineral ClubStockton, California49km
Santa Clara Valley Gem & Mineral SocietySan Jose, California49km
Mindat Locality ID:
8949
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:8949:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


A former Mn mine located in secs. 2 & 3, T5S, R5E, MDM, 2.9 km (9,600 feet) NW of Mount Oso, N of Buckeye Creek and E of Hospital Canyon, on private land (fee ownership). Discovered in 1916. Owned by Leo F. Douglass, Anaheim, California (100.00%) (1975). First produced in 1918. MRDS database stated accuracy for this location is 100 meters. One of the namesake mines for the district.

Mineralization is hosted in Late Cretaceous chert of the Franciscan complex. The ore body strikes N88E and dips 40N, at a thickness of 3.35 meters, with a depth-to-top of 3 meters, depth-to-bottom of 60.96 meters, width of 3.05 (70 ?) meters and a length of 67.06 meters. The orebodies are sedimentary-lenticular and replacement type. The primary mode of origin was sedimentation and the secondary was oxidation. Primary ore control was faulting and the secondary control was bedding. There is no wall rock alteration. There are two ore bodies about 600 feet apart across strike and lie in massive white chert which strikes W and dips about 60N. The S ore body is about 125 feet feet long, 100 feet deep down the dip. The maximum thickness is 9 feet and averages 5 feet. The maximum width is 10 feet. The strike of the ore is E and the dip is 30 to 45 N. The ore body is mostly massive dense black oxide, manganese carbonate and some bementite. The N ore body is about 220 feet long and has been explored to a depth of 200 feet below the highest outcrop. Maximum thickness is 11 feet, with an average of 8 feet. It is sharply flexed at both ends. It strikes 50 to 60 N. The ore is 50 feet of oxide at the upper level, below which is gray rhodochrosite and bementite. Local rocks include rocks of the Franciscan melange.

Workings include unspecified underground openings.

Analytical data results: Ore averages 42% Mn.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAegirine
Formula:NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite
Formula:(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAlbite
Formula:Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ'Apatite'
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘAragonite
Formula:CaCO3
ⓘBaryte
Formula:BaSO4
ⓘBementite
Formula:Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
ⓘBraunite
Formula:Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
References:
Am Min 69:200-206
Huebner, J. Stephen
protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California
USGS Professional Paper 1502.
a preliminary report: Economic Geology: 38: 283
Laizure, Clyde McK (1925), San Francisco field division: California Mining Bureau. Report 21: 213
Fleischer, M. & W.E. Richmond, Jr. (1943), The manganese oxide minerals
Murdoch, Joseph; Webb, Robert Wallace (1966)Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966) - California Division of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 189. California Division of Mines and Geology. 559 pp.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983)Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations
Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
Huebner, J. S., Flohr, M. J., & Grossman, J. N. (1992). Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert. Chemical Geology, 100(1-2), 93-118.
Flohr, Marta J.K., Huebner, J.Stephen (1992) Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA.Lithos, 29 (1) 57-85doi:10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-v
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
ⓘCaryopilite
Formula:Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4
ⓘChalcocite
Formula:Cu2S
ⓘChalcopyrite
Formula:CuFeS2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'
ⓘCovellite
Formula:CuS
ⓘDigenite
Formula:Cu9S5
ⓘGageite
Formula:Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
ⓘGlaucophane
Formula:◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘHausmannite
Formula:Mn2+Mn3+2O4
References:
Huebner, J. Stephen
protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California
USGS Professional Paper 1502.
Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 59
Murdoch, Joseph; Webb, Robert Wallace (1966)Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966) - California Division of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 189. California Division of Mines and Geology. 559 pp.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983)Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations
Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
Huebner, J. S., Flohr, M. J., & Grossman, J. N. (1992). Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert. Chemical Geology, 100(1-2), 93-118.
Flohr, Marta J.K., Huebner, J.Stephen (1992) Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA.Lithos, 29 (1) 57-85doi:10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-v
ⓘHematite
Formula:Fe2O3
ⓘInesite
Formula:Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
ⓘLawsonite
Formula:CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘMolybdenite
Formula:MoS2
ⓘNeotocite
Formula:(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
ⓘParsettensite
Formula:(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
ⓘ'Psilomelane'
ⓘPyrite
Formula:FeS2
ⓘPyrolusite
Formula:Mn4+O2
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
ⓘRhodochrosite
Formula:MnCO3
References:
Huebner, J. Stephen
protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California
USGS Professional Paper 1502.
Laizure, Clyde McK (1925), San Francisco field division: California Mining Bureau. Report 21: 213
Taliaferro, Nicholas Lloyd & F.S. Hudson (1943), Genesis of the manganese deposits of the Coast Ranges of California: California Division Mines Bulletin: 239
Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 287-288
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951)The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 304, 321
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983)Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations
Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
Huebner, J. S., Flohr, M. J., & Grossman, J. N. (1992). Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert. Chemical Geology, 100(1-2), 93-118.
Flohr, Marta J.K., Huebner, J.Stephen (1992) Mineralogy and geochemistry of two metamorphosed sedimentary manganese deposits, Sierra Nevada, California, USA.Lithos, 29 (1) 57-85doi:10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-v
(2005)Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘRhodonite
Formula:CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
ⓘSantaclaraite
Formula:CaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
ⓘ'Smectite Group'
Formula:A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘSphalerite ?
Formula:ZnS
ⓘTalc
Formula:Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘTaneyamalite
Formula:(Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
ⓘTitanite
Formula:CaTi(SiO4)O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite ?2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘHausmannite4.BB.10Mn2+Mn3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘRhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
ⓘAragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘBraunite9.AG.05Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘLawsonite9.BE.05CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘGlaucophane9.DE.25◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘGageite9.DH.35Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
ⓘTaneyamalite9.DH.65(Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
ⓘRhodonite9.DK.05CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
ⓘSantaclaraite9.DK.10CaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
ⓘInesite9.DL.05Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘCaryopilite9.ED.15Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4
ⓘNeotocite9.ED.20(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
ⓘBementite9.EE.05Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
ⓘParsettensite9.EG.40(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘBementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
HⓘCaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
HⓘGageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
HⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
HⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
HⓘLawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
HⓘNeotocite(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
HⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
HⓘSantaclaraiteCaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
HⓘTalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
HⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
HⓘSmectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
HⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
CⓘAragoniteCaCO3
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
CⓘRhodochrositeMnCO3
OOxygen
OⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
OⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
OⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
OⓘAragoniteCaCO3
OⓘBaryteBaSO4
OⓘBementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
OⓘBrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘCaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
OⓘGageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
OⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
OⓘHausmanniteMn2+Mn23+O4
OⓘHematiteFe2O3
OⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
OⓘLawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
OⓘNeotocite(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
OⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
OⓘPyrolusiteMn4+O2
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRhodochrositeMnCO3
OⓘRhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
OⓘSantaclaraiteCaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
OⓘTalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
OⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
OⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
OⓘSmectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
OⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
FⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
NaⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
NaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
NaⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
NaⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
NaⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
NaⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
MgMagnesium
MgⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
MgⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
MgⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
MgⓘTalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
AlAluminium
AlⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
AlⓘLawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
AlⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
SiSilicon
SiⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
SiⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
SiⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘBementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
SiⓘBrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
SiⓘCaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
SiⓘGageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
SiⓘGlaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
SiⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
SiⓘLawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
SiⓘNeotocite(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
SiⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘRhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
SiⓘSantaclaraiteCaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
SiⓘTalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
SiⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
SiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
PPhosphorus
PⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
SⓘBaryteBaSO4
SⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SⓘChalcociteCu2S
SⓘCovelliteCuS
SⓘDigeniteCu9S5
SⓘMolybdeniteMoS2
SⓘPyriteFeS2
SⓘSphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
ClⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
KⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
CaCalcium
CaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
CaⓘAragoniteCaCO3
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
CaⓘLawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
CaⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
CaⓘRhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
CaⓘSantaclaraiteCaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
CaⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
CaⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
CaⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
TiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
MnⓘBementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
MnⓘBrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
MnⓘCaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
MnⓘGageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
MnⓘHausmanniteMn2+Mn23+O4
MnⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
MnⓘNeotocite(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
MnⓘParsettensite(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50 · nH2O
MnⓘPyrolusiteMn4+O2
MnⓘRhodochrositeMnCO3
MnⓘRhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
MnⓘSantaclaraiteCaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O
MnⓘTaneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn122+(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44
FeIron
FeⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
FeⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
FeⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
FeⓘHematiteFe2O3
FeⓘInesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
FeⓘNeotocite(Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?)
FeⓘPyriteFeS2
CuCopper
CuⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
CuⓘChalcociteCu2S
CuⓘCovelliteCuS
CuⓘDigeniteCu9S5
ZnZinc
ZnⓘSphaleriteZnS
MoMolybdenum
MoⓘMolybdeniteMoS2
BaBarium
BaⓘBaryteBaSO4

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:10033644
Link to USGS MRDS:10262875

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
USA

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

(n.d.)Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file ID #0060990002
Laizure, Clyde McK (1925), San Francisco field division: California Mining Bureau. Report 21: 213
Smith, Lewis A. (1931), Manganese and manganiferous ores: Mineral Resources U.S., 1928, part 1: 213
Fleischer, M. & W.E. Richmond, Jr. (1943) The manganese oxide minerals; a preliminary report: Economic Geology: 38: 283.
Taliaferro, Nicholas Lloyd & F.S. Hudson (1943), Genesis of the manganese deposits of the Coast Ranges of California: California Division Mines Bulletin: 239
Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943) Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 59, 189.
Volin, M. E. and Matson, E.J. (1949) Investigation of the Buckeye Manganese Deposits, Stanislaus County, California, U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4560. 7 pp., 9 figures.
Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 217-218, 287-289.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951)The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966) Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 113, 215, 299, 304, 321.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983)Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Erd, Richard C., Ohashi, Yoshikazu (1984) Santaclaraite, a new calcium-manganese silicate hydrate from California.American Mineralogist, 69 (1-2) 200-206
Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502.
Flohr, Marta J. K. (1992) Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina.Economic Geology, 87 (8) 2023-2040doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2023
Huebner, J. S., Flohr, M. J., & Grossman, J. N. (1992). Chemical fluxes and origin of a manganese carbonate-oxide-silicate deposit in bedded chert. Chemical Geology, 100(1-2), 93-118.
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844.doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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