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Climax Mine, Climax, Climax Mining District, Lake County, Colorado, USAi
Regional Level Types
Climax MineMine (Active)
ClimaxVillage (Abandoned)
Climax Mining DistrictMining District
Lake CountyCounty
ColoradoState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 22' 24'' North , 106° 10' 33'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Mine (Active) - last checked 2018
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Blue River904(2017)12.9km
Alma277(2017)13.9km
Copper Mountain385(2011)15.1km
Leadville North1,794(2011)16.8km
Breckenridge4,896(2017)16.8km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Colorado Gold CampFrisco, Colorado23km
Owned/operated by:
Mindat Locality ID:
7745
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:7745:6
GUID (UUID V4):
608f87a6-bc66-4fb2-872e-736f10793e85
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Climax Open Pit Mine; Climax Molybdenum Mine; Climax Glory Hole


Near the summit of Fremont Pass, in Lake Co., approximately 15 miles north of Leadville. Owned by AMAX Corp. A molybdenum mine comprised of a large open pit and underground workings. When working, up to 50,000 tons of ore processed daily.

Produced stopped in 1985 due to low Mo prices, but recommenced during 2012.

The Climax ore deposit is the type example of the Climax-type porphyry molybdenum deposit. The geology of this type of ore deposit is described by Ludington and Plumlee (2009). They note that Climax-type molybdenum deposits are quite rare and give only 13 examples. Of these, the Climax ore deposit is by far the largest. The next largest, the Henderson deposit, is approximately 60% its size.

For many years, Climax was an underground mine worked through adits. Ore was produced by a block caving system. When this author toured the mine with a college AIME group in 1968 production was 22,000 t/d, all from the Storke level. Starting with a 60-inch gyratory crusher, the entire 22,000 tons was reduced by ranks of rod and ball mills to a particle size sufficiently small to move in suspension. Separation of minerals was accomplished by flotation (moly, monazite), humphrey spirals (pyrite) and shaker table (wolframite). The end product of this was a milk of magnesia-like slurry. This was then separated by row after row of humphrey spirals to remove pyrite, innumerable flotation cells concentrating the molybdenite and finally a shaker table separating black wolframite and a couple, small laboratory size flotation cells concentrating monazite. The mill also concentrated cassiterite, but I can't remember how that was done. For anyone interested in how big ones are reduced to little ones and then how the little ones are all sorted out, this was the place to see.

Since reactivation of the mine in 2012, after 17 years of dormancy, the underground operation has been replaced by a surface open pit. The Climax deposit consists of multiple shells of molybdenite-bearing stockwork veins around the top of a siliceous, highly evolved rhyolite porphyry stock. In addition to molybdenite, the mill recovered pyrite, wolframite, cassiterite (it was the US's only tin mine) and monazite.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

Allophane
Formula:(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
'Apatite'
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
'Biotite'
Formula:K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Bornite
Formula:Cu5FeS4
Brannerite
Formula:UTi2O6
Brookite
Formula:TiO2
Cassiterite
Formula:SnO2
Chalcocite
Formula:Cu2S
Chalcopyrite
Formula:CuFeS2
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
Columbite-(Mn)
Formula:Mn2+Nb2O6
Euxenite-(Y)
Formula:(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ferrimolybdite
Formula:Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Fluorite
Formula:CaF2
Galena
Formula:PbS
'Garnet Group'
Formula:X3Z2(SiO4)3
Goethite
Formula:Fe3+O(OH)
Gypsum
Formula:CaSO4 · 2H2O
Hübnerite
Formula:MnWO4
Jarosite
Formula:KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
'K Feldspar'
Koechlinite
Formula:Bi2MoO6
'Limonite'
Magnetite
Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Molybdenite
Formula:MoS2
Molybdite
Formula:MoO3
Monazite-(Ce)
Formula:Ce(PO4)
'Monazite Group'
Formula:REE(PO4)
Montmorillonite
Formula:(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Muscovite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Orthoclase
Formula:K(AlSi3O8)
Pyrite
Formula:FeS2
'Pyrochlore Supergroup'
Formula:A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula:(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Quartz
Formula:SiO2
Rhodochrosite
Formula:MnCO3
Description: Fig. 22
Rutile
Formula:TiO2
Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula:(Ti,Nb)O2
Rutile var. Strüverite
Formula:(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
Sphalerite
Formula:ZnS
Svanbergite
Formula:SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula:Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Topaz
Formula:Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Torbernite
Formula:Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Uraninite
Formula:UO2
'Wad'
'Wolframite Group'
Xenotime-(Y)
Formula:Y(PO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Galena2.CD.10PbS
Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Cassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
Rutile
var. Ilmenorutile
4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
4.DB.05TiO2
var. Strüverite4.DB.05(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
Hübnerite4.DB.30MnWO4
'Wolframite Group'4.DB.30 va
Columbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
Brookite4.DD.10TiO2
Koechlinite4.DE.15Bi2MoO6
Euxenite-(Y)4.DG.05(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Brannerite4.DH.05UTi2O6
Uraninite4.DL.05UO2
Molybdite4.E0.10MoO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Rhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Ferrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Xenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
Monazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
Svanbergite8.BL.05SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Torbernite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Topaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Allophane9.ED.20(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Orthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
'Pyrochlore Supergroup
var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
-(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
'Limonite'-
'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
'Wad'-
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
'K Feldspar'-
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
'Pyrochlore Supergroup'-A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HAllophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
HPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
HBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
HFerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
HGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
HGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
HJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
HMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
HSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
HTopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
HTorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
HMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
CRhodochrositeMnCO3
OOxygen
OAllophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
OPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
OBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
OBranneriteUTi2O6
OBrookiteTiO2
OCassiteriteSnO2
OEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
OFerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
OGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
OGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
OHübneriteMnWO4
ORutile var.Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
OJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
OKoechliniteBi2MoO6
OColumbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
OMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
OMolybditeMoO3
OMonazite GroupREE(PO4)
OMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
OMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
OOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
OQuartzSiO2
ORhodochrositeMnCO3
ORutileTiO2
ORutile var.Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
OSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
OTopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
OTorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
OUraniniteUO2
OXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
OMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OGarnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
OApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
FBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FFluoriteCaF2
FTopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
FApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
NaPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
NaMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
MgMagnesium
MgBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MgMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
AlAllophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
AlBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
AlSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
AlTopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
AlMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
SiAllophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
SiBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
SiMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
SiOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
SiQuartzSiO2
SiTopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
SiMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiGarnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
PMonazite GroupREE(PO4)
PMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
PSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
PTorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
PXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
PApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
SBorniteCu5FeS4
SChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SChalcociteCu2S
SGalenaPbS
SGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
SJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
SMolybdeniteMoS2
SPyriteFeS2
SSphaleriteZnS
SSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
STetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ClChlorine
ClApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
KBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
KJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
KMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
KOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
KMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
CaPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
CaEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
CaFluoriteCaF2
CaGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
CaMontmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
CaApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
TiPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
TiBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
TiBranneriteUTi2O6
TiBrookiteTiO2
TiEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
TiRutile var.Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
TiRutileTiO2
TiRutile var.Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
MnManganese
MnHübneriteMnWO4
MnColumbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
MnRhodochrositeMnCO3
FeIron
FeBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeBorniteCu5FeS4
FeChalcopyriteCuFeS2
FeFerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
FeGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
FeJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
FeMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
FePyriteFeS2
FeRutile var.Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
CuCopper
CuBorniteCu5FeS4
CuChalcopyriteCuFeS2
CuChalcociteCu2S
CuTetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
CuTorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ZnZinc
ZnSphaleriteZnS
SrStrontium
SrSvanbergiteSrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
YYttrium
YEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
YXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
NbNiobium
NbPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
NbEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
NbRutile var.Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
NbColumbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
MoMolybdenum
MoFerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
MoKoechliniteBi2MoO6
MoMolybdeniteMoS2
MoMolybditeMoO3
SnTin
SnCassiteriteSnO2
SbAntimony
SbTetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
CeCerium
CeEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
CeMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
TaTantalum
TaPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
TaEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
TaRutile var.Strüverite(Ti,Ta,Fe)O2
WTungsten
WHübneriteMnWO4
PbLead
PbGalenaPbS
BiBismuth
BiKoechliniteBi2MoO6
ThThorium
ThEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
UUranium
UPyrochlore Supergroup var.Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
UBranneriteUTi2O6
UEuxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
UTorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
UUraniniteUO2

Geochronology

Mineralization age:Oligocene : 28.4 Ma to 24.8 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Paleogene
   Oligocene
ⓘ Molybdenite (youngest age)24.8 Ma
ⓘ Molybdenite (oldest age)28.4 Ma

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_mine
Wikidata ID:Q5133646

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality


This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

 
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