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Rollstone Hill Quarries, Fitchburg, Worcester County, Massachusetts, USAi
Regional Level Types
Rollstone Hill QuarriesQuarry (Abandoned)
FitchburgCity
Worcester CountyCounty
MassachusettsState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
42° 34' 44'' North , 71° 48' 32'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
42.57889,-71.80889
GRN:
N29W38
Type:
Quarry (Abandoned) - last checked 2019
Köppen climate type:
Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Fitchburg40,545(2017)0.7km
Lunenburg1,760(2017)7.1km
Leominster41,569(2017)7.2km
Westminster7,028(2017)9.1km
Ashburnham5,643(2017)10.3km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Nashoba Valley Mineralogical SocietyWestford, Massachusetts30km
Worcester Mineral ClubWorcester, Massachusetts35km
Mindat Locality ID:
6844
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:6844:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


At least six granite quarries were formerly worked on Rollstone Hill -- including the (John) McCauliff, (O. E.) Litchfield, and (Henry) Godbeer quarries, with the McCauliff being the largest of these. In 1928, the McCauliff Quarry Company acquired the other quarries which had been operated by independent companies. The locality is often now referred to as simply "Rollstone Hill Quarry." Granite was quarried here from before 1830 until 1941. The name "Rollstone Hill" was in use at least as early as 1731.

C. Stanfield Hitchen (1935) studied the pegmatites on Rollstone Hill and named the following types: (I.)Biotite type; (II.)Tourmaline type; (III.)Beryl type; (IV.)Titanite type; and (V.)Allanite type. In addition, rarecalcite veins also occur. Only one pegmatite, a beryl type, showed significant zonation, and gem beryls were collected from thequartz core. A fine specimen of radiating "sunburst"schorl crystals is in the collection of the Harvard Mineralogical Museum.

A. C. Hamlin (1884) enthusiastically reported on beryl from the locality: "At the quarries on Rollestone [sic] Mountain in Fitchburg, beryls of a rich golden color have been blasted out. Some of these approach thechrysoberyl andtopaz in hardness and hue. Others so closely resemble the yellow diamond that they may readily be taken for that superior gem. The refractive power of these yellow stones is remarkable; and the goniometer will probably reveal a higher index than is accorded to all the varieties of beryl by the learned Abbé Haüy." Beryl is extremely rare now that the quarries are inactive.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAlbite
Formula:Na(AlSi3O8)
Habit: Small crystals occur in the titanite pegmatites and in calcite veins (Hitchen, 1935).
ⓘAlbite var. Oligoclase
Formula:(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Habit: "Primary oligoclase occurs along with microcline as phenocrysts in the Type II [tourmaline type] pegmatites. (Hitchen, 1935)
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)
Formula:(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Habit: crystal habit similar to epidote, with e(101) prominent (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: dark green to black, sometimes weathered superficially to red-brown
Fluorescence: none
Description: Crystals to at least 30mm.
ⓘAlmandine
Formula:Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Habit: "Trapezohedron n(211) and the dodechedron d(110)in combination, the former being usually dominant" (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: red, orange-red, orange, pink
Description: According to Hitchen (1935), the garnets on Rollstone Hill are "spessartitic almandite." He gave an analysis of 52.29% almandine, 41.53 % spessartine, 0.92 % pyrope, and 3.55% andradite. The results of an SEM-EDS analysis by Kerry Day 2008 for a garnet specimen collected by Peter Cristofono showed approximately ~ 55% almandine, 45% spessartine.
ⓘ'Almandine-Spessartine Series'
ⓘArsenopyrite
Formula:FeAsS
Habit: massive and in crystals (see comments)
Colour: gray
Description: Crystals commonly show the forms m(110), q(011), e(101), k(021), t(013). "Certain crystals ...recently acquired by the Harvard Museum, are somewhat complex and show, in addition to the above, the forms: g(111), o(112), i(312), n(012), Φ(023), τ(031), x(321), B(514)." (Hitchen, 1935)
ⓘBeryl
Formula:Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Habit: Individual crystals measure from 0.3 to 2 cms, in diameter (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: golden yellow, pale green, aquamarine
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘBeryl var. Aquamarine
Formula:Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘBeryl var. Goshenite
Formula:Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘBeryl var. Heliodor
Formula:Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Description: "At the quarries at Fitchburg, beryl of a rich golden hue, approaching the chrysoberyl and topaz in color and hardness, and closely resembling the yellow diamond in lustre, have been blasted out." -- Hamlin, A. C. (1870): The Gems of the United States inProceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Eighteenth Meeting, p. 212.
ⓘ'Biotite'
Formula:K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Habit: usually not well crystallized
Colour: black
Description: "The refractive indices are: α =1.640 β and γ = 1.645, and suggest siderophyllite." (Hitchen, 1935)
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
Habit: massive
Colour: white
Description: Rare calcite veins occur in the granite.
ⓘChalcopyrite
Formula:CuFeS2
Habit: grains of chalcopyrite are frequently grown upon pyrrhotite (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: brassy
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘChamosite
Formula:(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Colour: dark green
Description: Occurs as an alteration of biotite.
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' ?
Description: Probably misidentified; likely ilmenite.
ⓘEpidote
Formula:(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Habit: as accessory grains in granite
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'
References:
AmMin 20(1):1-24
ⓘ'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
References:
AmMin 20(1):1-24
ⓘFluorapatite
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3F
Habit: hexagonal prisms
Colour: gray
Fluorescence: yellow (SW)
ⓘFluorite
Formula:CaF2
Habit: "Small light purple to colourless cubes, 0.3 cm along an edge, occur on the selvages of the calcite veins (Hitchen, 1935).
Colour: colorless, purple
References:
Hitchen, 1935
ⓘ'Gummite' ?
Description: Reported as an alteration product of allanite by Emerson (1917).
ⓘIlmenite
Formula:Fe2+TiO3
Habit: as large platy crystals in quartz, and delicate hexagonal plates in calcite (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: black
ⓘMarcasite
Formula:FeS2
Description: Noted as concretionary masses resulting from supergene alteration of pyrrhotite (Hitchen, 1935).
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘMicrocline
Formula:K(AlSi3O8)
Habit: Good crystals occur in quartz.
Colour: white
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘMolybdenite
Formula:MoS2
Description: Found only in the beryl pegmatite (Hitchen, 1935).
References:
Hitchen, 1935.
ⓘMuscovite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Habit: Good crystals occur in the calcite veins. According to Hitchen (1935), pinkish bronze plates to 4 cm occurred in the beryl pegmatite.
Colour: gray, bronze
Fluorescence: none
References:
Hitchen, 1935
ⓘMuscovite var. Sericite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
AmMin 20(1):1-24
ⓘOpal
Formula:SiO2 · nH2O
Habit: amorphous coating
Colour: cololress
Fluorescence: green
ⓘOpal var. Opal-AN
Formula:SiO2 · nH2O
Habit: amorphous coating
Colour: cololress
Fluorescence: green
ⓘPyrite
Formula:FeS2
Description: Pyrite is very rare. Arsenopyrite is the most common sulfide at Rollstone Hill, followed by pyrrhotite.
ⓘPyrrhotite
Formula:Fe1-xS
Description: Associated with chalcopyrite.
References:
Hitchen (1935)
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
Habit: almost always massive
Colour: colorless, smoky
ⓘQuartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula:SiO2
Habit: massive
Colour: smoky
ⓘRutile
Formula:TiO2
Habit: microscopic rutile needles in quartz occurs in the granite (Hitchen, 1935)
✪Schorl
Formula:NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Habit: Crystals to 10 cm long. (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: black
Fluorescence: none
ⓘSiderophyllite ?
Formula:KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Colour: black
Description: "The refractive indices are: α =1.640 β and γ = 1.645, and suggest siderophyllite." (Hitchen, 1935)
ⓘTitanite
Formula:CaTi(SiO4)O
Habit: simple, tabular crystals to 2 cm (Hitchen, 1935)
Colour: brown, cinnamon brown
ⓘUraninite
Formula:UO2
Description: Lane (1933) gives a microchemical analysis of a sample of uraninite.
ⓘZircon
Formula:Zr(SiO4)
Habit: as small crystals in biotite or microcline
References:
Hitchen (1935)

Gallery:

(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)ⓘAllanite-(Ce)
Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3ⓘAlmandine
ⓘ'Almandine-Spessartine Series'
FeAsSⓘArsenopyrite
Be3Al2(Si6O18)ⓘBeryl
Ca5(PO4)3FⓘFluorapatite
Fe2+TiO3ⓘIlmenite
K(AlSi3O8)ⓘMicrocline
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2ⓘMuscovite
NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)ⓘSchorl
CaTi(SiO4)OⓘTitanite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal
var. Opal-AN		4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘBeryl
var. Aquamarine		9.CJ.05Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘ9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Heliodor9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Goshenite9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘSiderophyllite ?9.EC.20KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
ⓘChamosite9.EC.55(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Gummite' ?-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Almandine-Spessartine Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' ?-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
HⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
HⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
HⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
HⓘOpal var.Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
HⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
HⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
HⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
HⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
BeBeryllium
BeⓘBeryl var.AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
BeⓘBerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BeⓘBeryl var.HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BeⓘBeryl var.GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
BⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
CCarbon
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
OⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
OⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
OⓘBeryl var.AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
OⓘAlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
OⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
OⓘBerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
OⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
OⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
OⓘOpal var.Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
OⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
OⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
OⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
OⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRutileTiO2
OⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
OⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
OⓘQuartz var.Smoky QuartzSiO2
OⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
OⓘUraniniteUO2
OⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
OⓘBeryl var.HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
OⓘBeryl var.GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
OⓘAlmandine-Spessartine Series
OⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
OⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FFluorine
FⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
FⓘFluoriteCaF2
NaSodium
NaⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
NaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
NaⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
MgMagnesium
MgⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MgⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
AlAluminium
AlⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
AlⓘBeryl var.AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
AlⓘAlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
AlⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlⓘBerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
AlⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
AlⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
AlⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
AlⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
AlⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
AlⓘBeryl var.HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
AlⓘBeryl var.GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
AlⓘAlmandine-Spessartine Series
AlⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
SiⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
SiⓘBeryl var.AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
SiⓘAlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
SiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
SiⓘBerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
SiⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
SiⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
SiⓘOpal var.Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
SiⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
SiⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
SiⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
SiⓘQuartz var.Smoky QuartzSiO2
SiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
SiⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
SiⓘBeryl var.HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
SiⓘBeryl var.GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
SiⓘAlmandine-Spessartine Series
SiⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
PPhosphorus
PⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
SSulfur
SⓘArsenopyriteFeAsS
SⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SⓘMarcasiteFeS2
SⓘMolybdeniteMoS2
SⓘPyriteFeS2
SⓘPyrrhotiteFe1-xS
KPotassium
KⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
KⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
KⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
KⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
KⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
CaⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
CaⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
CaⓘFluoriteCaF2
CaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
CaⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
TiTitanium
TiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
TiⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
TiⓘRutileTiO2
TiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
MnⓘAlmandine-Spessartine Series
MnⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
FeⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FeⓘArsenopyriteFeAsS
FeⓘAlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
FeⓘChamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
FeⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FeⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeⓘMarcasiteFeS2
FeⓘPyriteFeS2
FeⓘPyrrhotiteFe1-xS
FeⓘSchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
FeⓘSiderophylliteKFe22+Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
FeⓘAlmandine-Spessartine Series
FeⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
CuCopper
CuⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
AsArsenic
AsⓘArsenopyriteFeAsS
ZrZirconium
ZrⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
NbⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
MoMolybdenum
MoⓘMolybdeniteMoS2
CeCerium
CeⓘAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
UUranium
UⓘUraniniteUO2

Mindat Articles

Minerals of Rollstone Hill, Fitchburg, Massachusetts by Peter Cristofono


Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Carter, James G. and William H. Brooks (1830): A Geography of Massachusetts, Boston: Hillard, Gray, Little and Wilkens, p.146.
Hitchcock, Edward (1833)Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Geological Survey, Amherst, MD.p.17
Torrey, Rufus C. (1836): History of the Town of Fitchburg, pp. 6-7.
Hitchcock, Edward (1841)Final Report on the Geology of Massachusetts. J. H. Butler.pp.148-149
Hamlin, A. C. (1870): The Gems of the United States inProceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Eighteenth Meeting, p. 212.
Hamlin, A. C. (1873): The Emerald. (Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science, Volume 11, pp. 143-144.)
Hamlin, A. C. (1884): Leisure Hours Among Gems (Boston: James R. Osgood & Company), p. 313.
Mason, Atherton P. (1885): Fitchburg in 1885. (The Bay State Monthly, Vol. II, p. 341.)
Hartwell, Emory Adams (1899): Geological Features of Fitchburg inProceedings of the Fitchburg Historical Society vol 3, 1902.
Dale (1910): Supplemental Notes on the Commercial Granites of Massachusetts (USGS Bulletin 470).
Emerson, B.K. (1917) Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.Bulletin 597. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/b597
Schaller, W.T (1918): "Gems and Precious Stones” in Mineral Resources of the United States 1916, Part II, Nonmetals, p.891.
McCaskey, H. D. (1919): Mineral Resources of the United States 1916, p.891 (USGS)
Lewis, Lyman W. (1927): The Paragenesis of the Granite Pegmatite of Fitchburg, Massachusetts (abstract) in Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Mineralogical Society of America (American Mineralogist 13:113).
Pit and Quarry (1928): "Granite Company Expands" (Vol. 16, page 91.)
Lane, Alfred C. (1933): Age of Fitchburg Granite (Science 78:435). Gives a microchemical analysis of a sample ofuraninite.
Hitchen, C. S. (1935): The Pegmatites of Fitchburg, Massachusetts (American Mineralogist 20:1-24).
Kitson, John (1938): R. & M. A. Outing in Massachusetts. Western Branch. (Rocks & Minerals 13:245).
Billings, Marland P. (1941): Pegmatites of Massachusetts. (Prepared under a cooperative project for geologic investigations in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts)
Palache, Charles. (1949): The Fitchburg Rollstone (Rocks & Minerals 24:347).
Bjareby, Gunnar (1962): Fifty Years of Mineral Collecting, Part V. (Rocks & Minerals 37:565-568)
Kirkpatrick, Doris (1971): The City and the River, Vol. 1. (Fitchburg, MA: Fitchburg Historical Society).
Grauch, R. I., and Zarinski, Katrin (1976): Generalized descriptions of uranium-bearing veins, pegmatites, and disseminations in non-sedimentary rocks, eastern United States. USGS Open-File Report OF 76-582.
Sinkankas, John (1981)Emerald and other beryls. Chilton Book Co, Pennsylvania. 665pp.
Gaines, Richard V., Skinner, H. Catherine W., Foord, Eugene E., Mason, Brian, Rosenzweig, Abraham, King, Vandall T. (1997)Dana's New Mineralogy (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p.1872
Skehan, James W. (2001): Roadside Geology of Massachusetts.
Fitchburg Historical Society (2005): Fitchburg (Charleston SC: Arcadia Publishing)
Gleba, Peter P. (2008)Massachusetts Mineral and Fossil Localities. Kreueger Enterprises, Inc.
Holmes, Hannah (2012). How Glaciers Moved Rocks (National Geographic 221(3):98-99).
Hutton, Jane (2013). Erratic Imaginaries: Thinking Landscape as Evidence, in: Turpin, Etienne, ed., Architecture in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Design, Deep Time, Science and Philosophy (Ann Arbor, MI: Open Humanities Press, an imprint of Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2013)
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