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State Route 9 - Ellis Street and State Route 72 interchanges (State Route 72 roadcut), New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut, USAi
Regional Level Types
State Route 9 - Ellis Street and State Route 72 interchanges (State Route 72 roadcut)Road Cutting
New BritainCity
Hartford CountyCounty
ConnecticutState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 39' 20'' North , 72° 46' 12'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
New Britain72,808(2017)1.0km
Kensington8,459(2017)2.2km
Newington30,562(2017)6.1km
Plainville17,328(2017)7.6km
Farmington25,000(2017)8.8km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Lapidary and Mineral Society of Central ConnecticutMeriden, Connecticut13km
Bristol Gem & Mineral ClubBristol, Connecticut15km
New Haven Mineral ClubNew Haven, Connecticut41km
Mindat Locality ID:
5583
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:5583:6
GUID (UUID V4):
01e91844-e7f1-4a65-a39c-ad2872c896b9


The history of highway construction and designation in this area is confusing, and specimens can be labelled differently depending on when they were collected. Most collecting took place in 1974-5 when the state expressway section in New Britain, referred to then as Route 72, was being constructed and cut through numerous, heavily faulted low basalt ridges. As originally designated, the Route 72 expressway extended from state Route 15 (SE of New Britain), past the planned Interstate 291 interchange (which headed north), toward and past Interstate 84 (W side of New Britain). It was completed in 1979 and many early specimens labels refer to Route 72. In 1986, the planned Interstate 291 (north of Route 72) was completed, but it was redesignated as state Route 9 (most specimens labelled "Route 9, New Britain" come from this section) along with the existing section of state Route 72 south of their intersection connecting to Route 15. The Route 72 expressway section west of the interchange with former I-291 remained designated as state Route 72. But the stretch of Route 72 renamed Route 9 contains the bulk of the mineralized road cuts. Based on modern nomenclature, these are at the Route 9 and Ellis Street interchange area, and at the Route 9 and Route 72 interchange area, which cover about 1 mile of expressway. Though many old labels are not locality specific, the geology and mineralogy are essentially the same throughout most of New Britain, so the exact origin is somewhat academic.

Mineralization is hosted primarily by a myriad of NE-SW trending fault veins cutting basalt and sedimentary rocks and by gas cavities in the basalt. Gray (1982) provides a description of the Columbus Street vein that is relevant to the State Route 9 locality, although not all the same minerals are reported for both localities:

Basalt bordering the vein is silicified and bleached to a light gray color. This type of alteration is typical of the N45°W [actually N45°E according to Hubert et al. (1992)] faults in the New Britain area irrespective of the presence of the carbonate-quartz-barite veins.

Vein filling was accomplished initially by the deposition of quartz, calcite, and ferroan dolomite in open spaces along the active fault zone. Movement continued throughout this phase frequently brecciating previously deposited vein material. After faulting ceased barite which occurs in plumose crystal groups up to 20 cm long, filled the open space in the center of the vein and cemented the carbonate-quartz breccias. The ferroan dolomite of the carbonate zone is oxidized to a dark red-brown color at the boundary of the barite zone. Cavities between barite crystals are filled by small amounts of drusy quartz, ferroan dolomite, and aragonite.

Sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and minor amounts of barite, chalcocite, covellite, and tennantite fill open spaces and replace carbonates within the quartz-carbonate zones. Sphalerite was the first sulfide deposited. Galena and chalcopyrite followed later.

Vitreous black carbonaceous spheres, 1 to 5 mm in diameter, occur throughout the vein but are most abundant along the boundary of the quartz-carbonate and barite zones. Presumably these spheres were droplets of oil suspended in the hydrothermal fluids which became accidentally trapped during the deposition of the vein minerals.


Januzzi (1976) provides an early mineral list. Miller (circa 1986), Hubert et al. (1992) and Scovil (2008) provide additional descriptions. Hubert et al. (1992) give an age of 180 million years ago for the mineralization. The host rocks are about 206 million years old.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula:AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Amphibole Supergroup var. Byssolite'
Formula:AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Anglesite ?
Formula:PbSO4
Description: unconfirmed, no details given by reference, not seen on many examined specimens
Anhydrite
Formula:CaSO4
Habit: Tabular, subparallel to radiating groups
Colour: light blue to blue-gray
Description: In basalt gas vesicles, the vast majority naturally dissolved away early in the paragenesis, but for some reason some crystals in this area survived. But many empty rectangular molds left within later encrusting minerals are also present.
Aragonite
Formula:CaCO3
Habit: flattened acicular prisms
Colour: colorless to white
Fluorescence: pale yellow-white under LW/MW/SW
Description: Excellent acicular sprays of clear crystals in small cavities on very rusty/earthy goethite in the cores of fault veins, crystals usually micro to 1.5 cm or so.
Aurichalcite
Formula:(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Habit: crusts to extremely tiny crystal sprays
Colour: blue-green
Description: secondary crusts associated with metal sulfides in fault veins
Azurite
Formula:Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Habit: crusts and crude microcrystals
Colour: dark blue
Description: secondary alteration of chalcopyrite with malachite in fault veins
Baryte
Formula:BaSO4
Habit: tabular to slightly radiating clusters/aggregates
Colour: white
Description: Abundant as single tabular crystals to more typical slightly divergent, radiating crystal groups in fault veins. Some show etched surfaces.
Bornite
Formula:Cu5FeS4
Habit: massive
Colour: black with minor iridescence
Description: As isolated masses or associated with other sulfides such as galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite and secondary malachite.
Calcite
Formula:CaCO3
Habit: rhombohedral, scalenohedral or hexagonal prisms with rhombic terminations
Colour: white to pale yellow
Fluorescence: pale pink to magenta best under MW
Description: Usually formed late, on top of dolomite and quartz. Crystals from micros to a few cm.
Cerussite
Formula:PbCO3
Habit: encrustations
Colour: pale gray to yellow gray
Description: earthy to crusty alteration of galena in fault veins
Chalcocite
Formula:Cu2S
Habit: Striated microcrystals
Colour: Metallic blue
Description: Most copper sulfide here is bornite, small flattened siderite rhombs are striated and may look like chalcocite. A few microcrystals found, however, on dolomite with malachite.
Chalcopyrite
Formula:CuFeS2
Habit: massive, rare crystals are complexly formed, striated and deformed
Colour: brassy with iridescence
Description: Common as iridescent masses usually with dolomite, quartz and barite in fault veins. Crystals very rare and usually distorted micros.
Copper
Formula:Cu
Habit: arborescent microcrystals
Covellite ?
Formula:CuS
Description: Bona-fide analyzed and labelled covellite from Connecticut is unknown though often claimed.
Cuprite
Formula:Cu2O
Colour: red
Description: Secondary red crust/stains.
Datolite
Formula:CaB(SiO4)(OH)
Habit: Complex rather equant to granular.
Colour: pale yellow-green
Description: Drusy crystals lining gas vesicles in basalt.
Devilline ?
Formula:CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Description: Januzzi (1976) claims it was characterized but provides no details or citation.
Dolomite
Formula:CaMg(CO3)2
Habit: rhombohedral, some curved
Colour: white, pink, tan, brown if iron-rich
Description: Abundant as fault vein filling associated with barite, quartz, bitumen. Crystals usually drusy.
Galena
Formula:PbS
Habit: cubic to slightly cuboctahedral, interpenetration twins very rare.
Colour: dark gray, some iridescent
Description: Crystals can reach several cm in groups to over 15 cm commonly embedded in barite and/or dolomite and associated with other metal sulfides like sphalerite and bornite.
Goethite
Formula:α-Fe3+O(OH)
Habit: massive, earthy to pseudomorphous after rhombic carbonates
Colour: dark brown, brown to yellow-brown
Description: Alteration of sulfides or carbonates in fault veins.
Hematite
Formula:Fe2O3
Habit: Tabular to granular.
Colour: Specular black to red.
Description: Microcrystals on quartz or datolite in gas vesicles in basalt.
'Heulandite Subgroup'
Formula:(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Description: Crystals to around 1 cm in gas vesicles in basalt.
'K Feldspar'
Habit: "cauliflower-like" aggregates
Colour: Peach to tan
Description: Found in basalt cavities usually on top of datolite or prehnite indicating late crystallization.
'K Feldspar var. Adularia'
Formula:KAlSi3O8
Habit: "cauliflower-like" aggregates
Colour: Peach to tan
Description: Found in basalt cavities usually on top of datolite or prehnite indicating late crystallization.
Laumontite
Formula:CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Description: Crystals in gas vesicles in basalt.
Malachite
Formula:Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Habit: Acicular microcrystals, crusts and coatings.
Colour: Emerald green
Description: Alteration of copper sulfides, mainly chalcopyrite.
Pectolite
Formula:NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
'Petroleum var. Bitumen'
Habit: amorphous
Colour: jet black
Description: Jet black, vitreous, shapeless with conchoidal fracture, usually found interstitially with highly etched quartz, or as globules with dolomite in the fault veins.
Prehnite
Formula:Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Habit: Botryoidal aggregates of tabular crystals.
Colour: Pale green.
Description: Botryoidal aggregates in basalt gas vesicles.
Quartz
Formula:SiO2
Habit: Short prismatic Herkimer-style crystals, as parallel growth aggregates, drusy, Cumberland habit
Colour: colorless to white
Description: Drusy crystals line voids in faulted altered basalt, generally isolated or clustered Herkimer-type crystals to a few cm found rooted on the druse or with barite and dolomite, etc., scattered in fault veins. Also as parallel-growth plates of short crystals in the veins, or as Cumberland habit crystal aggregates in gas vesicles in basalt. Also massive and highly etched when associated with bitumen in the veins.
Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula:SiO2
Habit: short prismatic to prismless
Colour: purple
Description: In fault veins usually as plates of parallel crystals grading to colorless quartz. In gas vesicles in basalt.
Siderite
Formula:FeCO3
Habit: Flattened, striated rhombohedrons, rarely in saddle-shaped aggregates.
Colour: Dark brown
Description: Isolated of groups of microcrystals usually on drusy quartz and associated with baryte.
Sphalerite
Formula:ZnS
Habit: Massive
Colour: dark brown to black
Description: Cleavable masses associated with other metal sulfides, primarily galena.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
Copper1.AA.05Cu
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
Covellite ?2.CA.05aCuS
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Galena2.CD.10PbS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
Cuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Quartz
var. Amethyst
4.DA.05SiO2
4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Aragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
Cerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
Azurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Aurichalcite5.BA.15(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
Anglesite ?7.AD.35PbSO4
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Devilline ?7.DD.30CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Datolite9.AJ.20CaB(SiO4)(OH)
Pectolite9.DG.05NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Laumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Unclassified
'K Feldspar
var. Adularia'
-KAlSi3O8
'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Heulandite Subgroup'-(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
'Petroleum
var. Bitumen'
-
'K Feldspar'-
'Amphibole Supergroup
var. Byssolite'
-AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
HAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
HAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
HDevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
HDatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
HGoethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
HHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
HLaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
HMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
HPectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
HPrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
HAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
BBoron
BDatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
CCarbon
CAragoniteCaCO3
CAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
CAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CCalciteCaCO3
CCerussitePbCO3
CDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
CMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
CSideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
OK Feldspar var.AdulariaKAlSi3O8
OQuartz var.AmethystSiO2
OAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
OAnglesitePbSO4
OAnhydriteCaSO4
OAragoniteCaCO3
OAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
OAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
OBaryteBaSO4
OCalciteCaCO3
OCerussitePbCO3
OCupriteCu2O
ODevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
ODolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
ODatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
OGoethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
OHematiteFe2O3
OHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
OLaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
OMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OPectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
OPrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
OQuartzSiO2
OSideriteFeCO3
OAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
FFluorine
FAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
FAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
NaSodium
NaHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
NaPectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
MgMagnesium
MgDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
AlAluminium
AlK Feldspar var.AdulariaKAlSi3O8
AlAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
AlHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
AlLaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
AlPrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
AlAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
SiSilicon
SiK Feldspar var.AdulariaKAlSi3O8
SiQuartz var.AmethystSiO2
SiAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
SiDatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
SiHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
SiLaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
SiPectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
SiPrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
SiQuartzSiO2
SiAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
SSulfur
SAnglesitePbSO4
SAnhydriteCaSO4
SBaryteBaSO4
SBorniteCu5FeS4
SChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SChalcociteCu2S
SCovelliteCuS
SDevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
SGalenaPbS
SSphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
ClAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ClAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
KPotassium
KK Feldspar var.AdulariaKAlSi3O8
KHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
CaCalcium
CaAnhydriteCaSO4
CaAragoniteCaCO3
CaCalciteCaCO3
CaDevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
CaDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
CaDatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
CaHeulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
CaLaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
CaPectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
CaPrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
TiTitanium
TiAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
TiAmphibole Supergroup var.ByssoliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
FeIron
FeBorniteCu5FeS4
FeChalcopyriteCuFeS2
FeGoethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
FeHematiteFe2O3
FeSideriteFeCO3
CuCopper
CuAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
CuAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CuBorniteCu5FeS4
CuChalcopyriteCuFeS2
CuChalcociteCu2S
CuCovelliteCuS
CuCupriteCu2O
CuCopperCu
CuDevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
CuMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnZinc
ZnAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ZnSphaleriteZnS
BaBarium
BaBaryteBaSO4
PbLead
PbAnglesitePbSO4
PbCerussitePbCO3
PbGalenaPbS

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