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Omega Mine, Monument Mountain, Helvetia, Helvetia-Rosemont Mining District, Pima County, Arizona, USAi
Regional Level Types
Omega MineMine (Abandoned)
Monument MountainMountain
HelvetiaTown (Former)
Helvetia-Rosemont Mining DistrictMining District
Pima CountyCounty
ArizonaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
31° 51' 21'' North , 110° 46' 9'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
31.85611,-110.76917
GRN:
N22W67
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2024
Köppen climate type:
BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Corona de Tucson5,675(2011)12.2km
East Sahuarita1,622(2006)17.9km
Sahuarita25,707(2017)20.9km
Green Valley21,391(2011)21.2km
Vail10,208(2011)22.0km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Old Pueblo Lapidary ClubTucson, Arizona43km
Tucson Gem and Mineral SocietyTucson, Arizona43km
Mindat Locality ID:
5437
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:5437:2
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Omega tunnel; Omega Extension Mine


A former small surface and underground Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn-Au-Mn-W-Momine located in West-central sec. 24, T18S, R15E, on the steep southwestslope of Monument Mountain, nearly 1.5 miles (2.41 km) east of Helvetia and 0.25 mile (ca. 402 m) south of the Isle RoyalMine, and a few miles south of the present-day town of Sahuarita, at about 5,100 feet (ca. 1,554 m) of altitude. It adjoins the Isle Royal property on the SW and comprises the Omega and OmegaExtensionclaims. Produced 1877-1920. Owned at times, or in part, by the Zeckendorfs (since the early 1880s); the Omega Copper Co.; and, McKay. The first Cu produced in any considerable quantity in Pima County came from thismine.

Mineralization is partly oxidizedcopper and minorlead-zinc minerals, largely soft and earthy, withmanganese oxides andiron oxides, and local massivechalcopyrite andpyrite, inreplacement bodies withgarnet-magnetitegangue along afault zone between Paleozoiclimestone and Precambriangranodiorite.Host rock units include the MartinFormation, EscabrosaLimestone, and the HorquillaLimestone.Ore control is thethrust faultzone.Alteration includesepidotization and alteredlimestone.

Thelimestone is partly mineralized, much epidotized, and otherwise altered. It is usually crystalline and near thecontactdips 30ºNE. Thegranite for a distance of nearly 100 feet (ca. 30 m) from thecontact issheared and altered and contains subordinatefaults,dipping in all directions, especially to the north and to the south. At thejoints occur muchlimonite,manganese oxides, andmica.Aplitedikes are also intruded along thecontact between thegranite and thelimestone in places.

Theore is mostly a soft earthy mixture ofcopper andironsulphides, with themanganese,copper, andiron ore minerals of the oxidizedzone. In the uppertunnel, alens of almost puremassivepyrite andchalcopyrite, in places coated withlimonite, occurred. Additionally, a 2-foot (ca. 60 cm) widevein ofchalcopyrite andpyrite occurs in onetunnel withgouge on eitherwall. At the end of adrift, next to a verysiliceousdike, probably an aplitic rock, aband of epidotizedgranite 10 feet (ca. 3 m) wide occurs containing considerablepyrite andchalcopyrite.

Localstructures include homoclinal,tilting and broad openfolds in the south and extensivefaulting in the north. WNW-strikingthrust faultzone,permeablefracturezones.

Workings include 4tunnels, ashaft, awinze, an opencut and minor openings, aggregating some 2,000 feet (ca. 610 m) ofworkings distributed over a vertical distance of 300 feet (91.44 meters). One of the earliestmines, producing sporadically some 7,000 tons ofore averaging about 6% Cu, 1 oz. Ag/t and minor Pb from the 1880s to 1920. Produced 500,000 pounds (226.8 t) of Cu valued at $95,000 (period values) (1883).

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘActinolite
Formula:◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘAurichalcite
Formula:(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘAzurite
Formula:Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Habit: Blocky, tabular, terminated
Colour: Azure-blue
Fluorescence: None
Description: Exceptionally sharp crystals common in gossan cavities and fissures.
ⓘBrochantite
Formula:Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
Colour: White, limonite stained.
Fluorescence: Red (SW UV)
Description: Occurs as coarsely crystalline masses with curved cleavages.
ⓘCerussite
Formula:PbCO3
ⓘChalcanthite
Formula:CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘChalcocite
Formula:Cu2S
ⓘChalcopyrite
Formula:CuFeS2
ⓘChlorargyrite
Formula:AgCl
ⓘChrysocolla
Formula:Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
ⓘCuprite
Formula:Cu2O
ⓘCuprotungstite
Formula:Cu2(WO4)(OH)2
ⓘEpidote
Formula:(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘFluorite
Formula:CaF2
ⓘFornacite
Formula:Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
ⓘGalena
Formula:PbS
ⓘ'Garnet Group'
Formula:X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘGoethite
Formula:Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘGypsum
Formula:CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘHematite
Formula:Fe2O3
ⓘHemimorphite
Formula:Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘLepidocrocite
Formula:Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘLibethenite
Formula:Cu2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘ'Limonite'
ⓘMagnetite
Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMalachite
Formula:Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘMottramite
Formula:PbCu(VO4)(OH)
ⓘMuscovite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite var. Sericite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNative Copper
Formula:Cu
ⓘOpal
Formula:SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘOsarizawaite
Formula:Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
Colour: Yellow-green
Description: Microcrystalline crusts.
ⓘPlancheite
Formula:Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
ⓘPowellite
Formula:Ca(MoO4)
ⓘPyrite
Formula:FeS2
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
ⓘQuartz var. Chalcedony
Formula:SiO2
ⓘRosasite
Formula:(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘScheelite
Formula:Ca(WO4)
Habit: Di-pyramidal
Colour: Honey-yellow, tan
Fluorescence: Blue-white (SW UV)
Description: Occurs as crystals in cavities and as specks, blebs and masses in matrix.
ⓘSmithsonite
Formula:ZnCO3
Habit: Micro-crystals
ⓘSphalerite
Formula:ZnS
ⓘStolzite ?
Formula:Pb(WO4)
Habit: Small (less than 1 mm)
Description: Occurs on rosasite.
ⓘTremolite
Formula:◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘWulfenite
Formula:Pb(MoO4)

Gallery:

(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6ⓘAurichalcite
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2ⓘAzurite
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6ⓘBrochantite
CaCO3ⓘCalcite
PbCO3ⓘCerussite
Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1ⓘChrysocolla
Cu2(WO4)(OH)2ⓘCuprotungstite
Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)ⓘFornacite
Fe3+O(OH)ⓘGoethite
Fe2O3ⓘHematite
Fe3+O(OH)ⓘLepidocrocite
Cu2(PO4)(OH)ⓘLibethenite
ⓘ'Limonite'
Fe2+Fe3+2O4ⓘMagnetite
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘMalachite
Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6ⓘOsarizawaite
Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2OⓘPlancheite
SiO2ⓘQuartz
(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘRosasite
Ca(WO4)ⓘScheelite
ZnCO3ⓘSmithsonite
Pb(MoO4)ⓘWulfenite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Copper1.AA.05Cu
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘChlorargyrite3.AA.15AgCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz
var. Chalcedony		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSmithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘRosasite5.BA.10(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘAurichalcite5.BA.15(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBrochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘOsarizawaite7.BC.10Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘFornacite7.FC.10Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
ⓘPowellite7.GA.05Ca(MoO4)
ⓘScheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
ⓘStolzite ?7.GA.05Pb(WO4)
ⓘWulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
ⓘCuprotungstite7.GB.15Cu2(WO4)(OH)2
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘLibethenite8.BB.30Cu2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘMottramite8.BH.40PbCu(VO4)(OH)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘHemimorphite9.BD.10Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘPlancheite9.DB.35Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
HⓘAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
HⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
HⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
HⓘChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
HⓘChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
HⓘCuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
HⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
HⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
HⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
HⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
HⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
HⓘLepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
HⓘLibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
HⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
HⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
HⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
HⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘPlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
HⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
HⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
HⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
CⓘAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
CⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
CⓘCerussitePbCO3
CⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
CⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
CⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
OOxygen
OⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
OⓘAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
OⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
OⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘCerussitePbCO3
OⓘChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
OⓘQuartz var.ChalcedonySiO2
OⓘChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
OⓘCupriteCu2O
OⓘCuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
OⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
OⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
OⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
OⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
OⓘHematiteFe2O3
OⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
OⓘLepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
OⓘLibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
OⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
OⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
OⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
OⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘPlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
OⓘPowelliteCa(MoO4)
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
OⓘScheeliteCa(WO4)
OⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
OⓘStolzitePb(WO4)
OⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
OⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)
OⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OⓘGarnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
FFluorine
FⓘFluoriteCaF2
MgMagnesium
MgⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
MgⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
AlAluminium
AlⓘChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
AlⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
AlⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
AlⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
SiⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
SiⓘQuartz var.ChalcedonySiO2
SiⓘChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
SiⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
SiⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
SiⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiⓘOpalSiO2 · nH2O
SiⓘPlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
SiⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiⓘGarnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
PⓘLibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
SSulfur
SⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
SⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
SⓘChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
SⓘChalcociteCu2S
SⓘGalenaPbS
SⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
SⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘPyriteFeS2
SⓘSphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
ClⓘChlorargyriteAgCl
KPotassium
KⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
KⓘMuscovite var.SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
CaⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
CaⓘFluoriteCaF2
CaⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
CaⓘPowelliteCa(MoO4)
CaⓘScheeliteCa(WO4)
CaⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
VVanadium
VⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
CrChromium
CrⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
FeIron
FeⓘActinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
FeⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
FeⓘEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FeⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
FeⓘHematiteFe2O3
FeⓘLepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
FeⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
FeⓘPyriteFeS2
CuCopper
CuⓘAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
CuⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CuⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
CuⓘChalcopyriteCuFeS2
CuⓘChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
CuⓘChalcociteCu2S
CuⓘChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x< 1
CuⓘCupriteCu2O
CuⓘCuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
CuⓘNative CopperCu
CuⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
CuⓘLibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
CuⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
CuⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
CuⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
CuⓘPlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
CuⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnZinc
ZnⓘAurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ZnⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ZnⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
ZnⓘSphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
AsⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
MoMolybdenum
MoⓘPowelliteCa(MoO4)
MoⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)
AgSilver
AgⓘChlorargyriteAgCl
WTungsten
WⓘCuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
WⓘScheeliteCa(WO4)
WⓘStolzitePb(WO4)
PbLead
PbⓘCerussitePbCO3
PbⓘFornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
PbⓘGalenaPbS
PbⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
PbⓘOsarizawaitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6
PbⓘStolzitePb(WO4)
PbⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:10103745

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Mexico
North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate
USA

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References

USGS Sahuarita Quadrangle topo map.
(n.d.)Minerals Availability System (MAS), U.S. Bureau of Mines.file ID #0040190339
https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/USA/Arizona/Pima%20Co./Santa%20Rita%20Mts./Helvetia-Rosemont%20District/Helvetia/Monument%20Mtn./Omega%20Mine
Schrader, F. C. & J. M. Hill (1915), Mineral deposits of the Santa Rita and Patagonia Mountains, Arizona, USGS Bull. 582: 92, 115-117.
Johnson, V. H. (1941), Geology of the Helvetia mining district, Pima County, Arizona: Tucson, University of Arizona, Ph.D. dissertation, 111 p.
Creasey, S. C. & G. L. Quick (1955), Copper deposits of part of Helvetia Mining district, Pima County, Arizona, USGS Bull. 1027-F: 315.
Arizona Bureau of Mines Field Notes (1971): 1(2).
Drewes, H. D. (1971) Geologic map of the Sahuarita quadrangle, southeast of Tucson, Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-613, 1 sheet, scale 1:48,000.
Keith, Stanton B. (1974), Arizona Bureau of Geology & Mineral Technology, Geological Survey Branch Bull. 189, Index of Mining Properties in Pima County, Arizona: 127 (Table 4).
Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995)Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.
(2005)Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
(n.d.)ADMMR Mines Database, Arizona Geological Survey.
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