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Gough Island, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunhai
Regional Level Types
Gough IslandIsland
Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da CunhaOverseas Territory

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Type:
Island
Age:
2.55 ± 0.51 to 0.13 ± 0.02 Ma
Geologic Time:
Pleistocene
Dating method:
K-Ar
Reference for age:
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Mindat Locality ID:
296634
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:296634:5
GUID (UUID V4):
c723c588-c008-437b-be36-1836e74b54a7
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Gonçalo Álvares Island
Other Languages:

The Gough Island lavas range from picrite basalt through to sodalite-bearing aegirine-augite trachyte. The basaltic lavas are predominantly nepheline normative alkali basalts, although a group of hypersthene normative tholeiitic basalts does occur. The oldest lavas on the island, represented by the Lower Basalt series, are approximately 1.0 Ma old and the youngest are the Upper Basalts with an age of ca. 0.13 Ma.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAegirine
Formula:NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAegirine-augite
Formula:(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAlbite
Formula:Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAlbite var. Andesine
Formula:(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAlbite var. Anorthoclase
Formula:(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘAlbite var. Oligoclase
Formula:(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAnorthite
Formula:Ca(Al2Si2O8)
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAnorthite var. Labradorite
Formula:(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Apatite'
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAugite
Formula:(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘAugite var. Titanium-bearing Augite
Formula:(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Biotite'
Formula:K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘDiopside
Formula:CaMgSi2O6
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘFayalite
Formula:Fe2+2SiO4
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘHematite
Formula:Fe2O3
ⓘ'Hypersthene'
Formula:(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘIlmenite
Formula:Fe2+TiO3
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘ'Limonite'
ⓘMagnetite
Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘMagnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula:Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘNepheline
Formula:Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ'Plagioclase'
Formula:(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘSodalite
Formula:Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
References:
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
ⓘZircon
Formula:Zr(SiO4)
References:
Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAugite
var. Titanium-bearing Augite		9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘAlbite
var. Anorthoclase		9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘAnorthite
var. Labradorite		9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘAlbite
var. Oligoclase		9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
HⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
OOxygen
OⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
OⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
OⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
OⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
OⓘAnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
OⓘAlbite var.Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
OⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
OⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
OⓘDiopsideCaMgSi2O6
OⓘFayaliteFe22+SiO4
OⓘHematiteFe2O3
OⓘHypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
OⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
OⓘAnorthite var.Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
OⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
OⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
OⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
OⓘSodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
OⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
OⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
OⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
OⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
OⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
FⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
NaⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
NaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
NaⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
NaⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
NaⓘAlbite var.Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
NaⓘAnorthite var.Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
NaⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
NaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
NaⓘSodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
NaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
NaⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
MgMagnesium
MgⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
MgⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
MgⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MgⓘDiopsideCaMgSi2O6
MgⓘHypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
MgⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
AlAluminium
AlⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
AlⓘAnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
AlⓘAlbite var.Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
AlⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlⓘAnorthite var.Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
AlⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
AlⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
AlⓘSodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
AlⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
AlⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
SiSilicon
SiⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
SiⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
SiⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
SiⓘAnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
SiⓘAlbite var.Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
SiⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
SiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
SiⓘDiopsideCaMgSi2O6
SiⓘFayaliteFe22+SiO4
SiⓘHypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
SiⓘAnorthite var.Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
SiⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
SiⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
SiⓘSodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
SiⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
SiⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
PPhosphorus
PⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClChlorine
ClⓘSodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ClⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
KⓘAlbite var.Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
KⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
KⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
CaCalcium
CaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
CaⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
CaⓘAnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
CaⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
CaⓘDiopsideCaMgSi2O6
CaⓘAnorthite var.Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
CaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
CaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
CaⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
CaⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
TiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
TiⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
TiⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
TiⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
FeIron
FeⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
FeⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
FeⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
FeⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeⓘFayaliteFe22+SiO4
FeⓘHematiteFe2O3
FeⓘHypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
FeⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
FeⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeⓘAugite var.Titanium-bearing Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)2O6
ZrZirconium
ZrⓘZirconZr(SiO4)

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gough_Island
Wikidata ID:Q505935
GeoNames ID:3370948


This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Campbell, Robert (1915) XIII.—Rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic (collected by the Scottish National AntarcticExpedition, 1902–1904).Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2). 397-404doi:10.1017/s0080456800035997
Le Maitre, R. W. (1959). The geology of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 7, 371 - 380.
Le Maitre, R. W. (1962) Petrology of Volcanic Rocks, Gough Island, South Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73 (11) 1309doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1309:povrgi]2.0.co;2
LE ROEX, A. P. (1985) Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Magmatic Evolution of the Basaltic and Trachytic Lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic.Journal of Petrology, 26 (1) 149-186doi:10.1093/petrology/26.1.149
Maund, J. G., Rex, D. C., Le Roex, A. P., & Reid, D. L. (1988). Volcanism on Gough Island: a revised stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 125(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009572
Class, C., & le Roex, A. P. (2008). Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas—trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 475-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.030
Woolley, Alan R. (2019)Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London.doi:10.1144/mpar4
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