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Nchisi Island (Chilwa Island; Shirwa Island), Zomba, Southern Region, Malawii
Regional Level Types
Nchisi Island (Chilwa Island; Shirwa Island)Island
ZombaDistrict
Southern RegionRegion
MalawiCountry

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Type:
Island
Mindat Locality ID:
26432
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:26432:8
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
ⓘAegirine-augite


36 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical ListTree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAegirine
Formula:NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘAegirine-augite
Formula:(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘAlbite
Formula:Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘAlbite var. Andesine
Formula:(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘAlbite var. Oligoclase
Formula:(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula:AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘAndradite
Formula:Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘAndradite var. Melanite
Formula:Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘAnkerite
Formula:Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Apatite'
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Apatite var. Carbonate-rich Apatite'
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘAugite
Formula:(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘBaryte
Formula:BaSO4
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'
Formula:(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula:Ce(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'
Formula:K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘCancrinite
Formula:(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Florencite'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘFluorapatite
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘFluorite
Formula:CaF2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘGalena
Formula:PbS
ⓘGoyazite
Formula:SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula:◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘIlmenite
Formula:Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ'K Feldspar'
ⓘMagnetite
Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Mica Group'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘMicrocline
Formula:K(AlSi3O8)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)
Formula:Ce(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(La)
Formula:La(PO4)
ⓘNepheline
Formula:Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘOrthoclase
Formula:K(AlSi3O8)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Parisite'
Formula:Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘParisite-(Ce)
Formula:CaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘPhlogopite
Formula:KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ'Plagioclase'
Formula:(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘPyrite
Formula:FeS2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula:A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'
Formula:ADSi2O6
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula:(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘRichterite
Formula:Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite
Formula:◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘRutile
Formula:TiO2
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘSiderite
Formula:FeCO3
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘSpinel
Formula:MgAl2O4
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘStrontianite
Formula:SrCO3
ⓘ'Synchysite'
Formula:Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
ⓘSynchysite-(Ce)
Formula:CaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Tantalite'
Formula:(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘTitanite
Formula:CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘWollastonite
Formula:Ca3(Si3O9)
References:
Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
ⓘ'Xenotime'
ⓘXenotime-(Y)
Formula:Y(PO4)
ⓘZircon
Formula:Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
ⓘParisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘSynchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCaCe(CO3)2F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(La)8.AD.50La(PO4)
ⓘGoyazite8.BL.10SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘvar. Melanite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘRichterite9.DE.20Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Xenotime'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Florencite'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'var. Carbonate-rich Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
HⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
HⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
HⓘGoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
HⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HⓘPyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
HⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
HⓘRiebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
HⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
HⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
HⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
CⓘAnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
CⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
CⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
CⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
CⓘParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
CⓘSideriteFeCO3
CⓘStrontianiteSrCO3
CⓘSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
CⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
CⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
OOxygen
OⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
OⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
OⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
OⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
OⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
OⓘAndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
OⓘAnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
OⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
OⓘBaryteBaSO4
OⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
OⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
OⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
OⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
OⓘGoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
OⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
OⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
OⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
OⓘMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
OⓘMonazite-(La)La(PO4)
OⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
OⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
OⓘOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
OⓘParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
OⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OⓘPyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
OⓘRiebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
OⓘRutileTiO2
OⓘSideriteFeCO3
OⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
OⓘStrontianiteSrCO3
OⓘSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
OⓘTantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
OⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
OⓘWollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
OⓘXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
OⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
OⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
OⓘAndradite var.MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
OⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
OⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
OⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
OⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
OⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
OⓘPyroxene GroupADSi2O6
OⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
OⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
OⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FFluorine
FⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
FⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
FⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
FⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
FⓘFluoriteCaF2
FⓘParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
FⓘSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
FⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
FⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
FⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
FⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
NaⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
NaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
NaⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
NaⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
NaⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
NaⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
NaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
NaⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
NaⓘRiebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
NaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
MgⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
MgⓘAnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
MgⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
MgⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MgⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
MgⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
MgⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
MgⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
MgⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
AlⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
AlⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
AlⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
AlⓘGoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
AlⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
AlⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
AlⓘOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
AlⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
AlⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
AlⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
SiⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
SiⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
SiⓘAlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
SiⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
SiⓘAndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
SiⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
SiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
SiⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
SiⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
SiⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
SiⓘOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
SiⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
SiⓘRiebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
SiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
SiⓘWollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
SiⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
SiⓘAndradite var.MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
SiⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
SiⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
SiⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiⓘPyroxene GroupADSi2O6
PPhosphorus
PⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
PⓘGoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
PⓘMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
PⓘMonazite-(La)La(PO4)
PⓘXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
PⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
PⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
SⓘBaryteBaSO4
SⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
SⓘGalenaPbS
SⓘPyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
ClⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ClⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ClⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
KⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
KⓘMicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
KⓘNephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
KⓘOrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
KⓘPhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
CaⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
CaⓘAlbite var.Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
CaⓘAndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
CaⓘAnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
CaⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘCancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
CaⓘFluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
CaⓘFluoriteCaF2
CaⓘAlbite var.Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
CaⓘParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
CaⓘRichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
CaⓘSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
CaⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
CaⓘWollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
CaⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CaⓘAndradite var.MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
CaⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
CaⓘHornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
CaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
CaⓘApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CaⓘApatite var.Carbonate-rich ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CaⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
TiⓘAmphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
TiⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
TiⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
TiⓘRutileTiO2
TiⓘTitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
MnⓘTantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
MnⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
MnⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
FeⓘAegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
FeⓘAegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
FeⓘAndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
FeⓘAnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
FeⓘAugite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
FeⓘBiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
FeⓘPyriteFeS2
FeⓘRiebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
FeⓘSideriteFeCO3
FeⓘTantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
FeⓘAndradite var.MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
FeⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
FeⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeⓘRhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
SrStrontium
SrⓘGoyaziteSrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
SrⓘStrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
YⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
YⓘXenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
YⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ZrZirconium
ZrⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
NbⓘPyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
NbⓘTantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
NbⓘColumbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
BaBarium
BaⓘBaryteBaSO4
LaLanthanum
LaⓘMonazite-(La)La(PO4)
LaⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
CeⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
CeⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
CeⓘMonazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
CeⓘParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
CeⓘSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
CeⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
NdNeodymium
NdⓘBastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
NdⓘParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
NdⓘSynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
TaTantalum
TaⓘTantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
PbLead
PbⓘGalenaPbS

Geochronology

Mineralization age:Early/Lower Cretaceous : 136 ± 7 Ma to 125.8 ± 7.7 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Mesozoic
  Cretaceous
   Early/Lower Cretaceous
ⓘ Zircon125.8 ± 7.7 Ma
ⓘ Titanite125.8 ± 7.7 Ma
ⓘ Biotite136 ± 7 Ma

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisi_Island
Wikidata ID:Q1074841


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References

Garson, M. S., & Smith, C. W. (1958). Chilwa Island: Geol. Surv. Nyasald., Mem, 1.
Snelling, N. J. (1965). Age determinations on three African carbonatites. Nature, 205(4970), 491-491. doi.org/10.1038/205491a0
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Some aspects of fenitization with particular reference to Chilwa Island and Kangankunde, Malawi. British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2, 189-219.
Woolley, A.R. (1987): Lithosphere metasomatism and the petrogenesis of the Chilwa Province of alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 6, 891-898.
Woolley, A. R., & Jones, G. C. (1987). The petrochemistry of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 30(1), 335-355. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1987.030.01.16
Simonetti, A., & Bell, K. (1994). Isotopic and geochemical investigation of the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex, Malawi: evidence for a depleted mantle source region, liquid immiscibility, and open-system behaviour. Journal of Petrology, 35(6), 1597-1621. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/35.6.1597
Eby, G.N., Roden-Tice, M., Kreuger, H.L., Ewing, W., Faxon, E.H., and Woolley, A.R. (1995): Geochronology and cooling history of the northern part of the Chilwa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal Afr. Earth Sci. 20, 275-288. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00054-W
Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences.Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr02189
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models .Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Surveydoi:10.3133/ofr20091139
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395.
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