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Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japani
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Fumaroles at Iōdake crater rim
Iodake, Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Iodake, Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Fumaroles at Iōdake crater rim
Iodake, Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Iodake, Satsuma-Ioujima, Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
30° North , 130° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~1km
Köppen climate type:
Rhyolitic dome inside Kikai caldera, main volcano on island, well known for continuous degassing via low- and high-temperature fumaroles for at least the last thousand years. Once mined for sulfur and silica.
Beside the listed minerals, a number of minerals and synthetic species were experimentally deposited from fumarolic gas in silica tubes (Africano et al., 2002). These include:anglesite,aphthitalite,cassiterite,challacolloite-like phase,cotunnite,cristobalite,ferberite,halite,jarosite,hematite,hydroniumjarosite,magnetite,molybdenite,palmierite,pyrite,sylvite,thénardite,wulfenite,Unnamed (K-Fe-Pb chloride),Unnamed (K-Cs-Rb-Zn chloride),Unnamed (Rb-Zn chloride),Unnamed (K-Rb-Cs chloride),Unnamed (K-Rb-Zn chloride),Unnamed (K-Cd chloride),Unnamed (K-Cs-Zn chloride),Unnamed (K-Fe chloride),Unnamed (K-Zn chloride).
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StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities38 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical ListTree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘAegirine Formula:NaFe3+Si2O6 Description: Green to dark-green elongated, sometimes acicular crystals of good luster and well-developed crystal tips. Common in high-temperature fumaroles in the vicinity of halite crystals, in the hotter, central parts of the fumaroles. References: |
| ⓘAlunite Formula:KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘAnatase Formula:TiO2 Description: Occurs in white clays around low-temperature fumaroles. The presence of this mineral is only known from its rather strong signal in Raman spectroscopy. Associated with cristobalite and opal. |
| ⓘAnglesite Formula:PbSO4 Localities: |
| ⓘAnhydrite Formula:CaSO4 Localities: Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Eastern alluvial fan, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Description: Furs of millimeter-sized white elongated crystals in crevices of a altered tephra. Associated with opal. |
| ⓘAphthitalite Formula:(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 Habit: Massive crusts. Colour: Gray to black. Description: Solid gray to black crusts, water soluble. The dark color may be caused by finely dispersed molybdenite. Occurs in a zone where the bulk of the metal oxide and sulfide sublimates get deposited. Raman analysis of a black matrix with embedded tugarinovite crystals shows a curve that is a superposition of a molybdenite and aphthitalite patterns. Raman analysis done by Günter Frenz. References: |
| ⓘCassiterite Formula:SnO2 |
| ⓘChallacolloite Formula:KPb2Cl5 |
| ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Colour: green Description: Green euhedral elongated crystals inside matrix of crumbly silicified rocks around high-temperature fumaroles. SXRD by Uwe Kolitsch, NHM Vienna. SXRD: C mon, 9.72, 8.89, 5.30, 106.6Large diopside component. References: |
| ⓘClinosulphur Formula:S8 References: |
| ⓘ'Copiapite Group' Colour: olive-green Description: Olive-green pustules on reddish, crumbly rocks at the surface of high-temperature fumaroles. Raman analysis by Günter Frenz. References: |
| ⓘ'Coquimbite Group' Description: Sub-millimeter sized, yellow-white to white pustules, associated with copiapite at high-temperature fumaroles. Perhaps not formed as a sublimate but recrystallized from watery solutions of dissolved sublimates. References: |
| ⓘCotunnite Formula:PbCl2 |
| ⓘCristobalite Formula:SiO2 Localities: Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Otanibira quarry, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Monogusa, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Description: As component of opaline crusts, as major component in "clays" at fumarole fields, as rock-forming mineral in leached rocks composed of cristobalite and tridymite ("keiseki"). Minor component in silicified rocks at high-temperature fumaroles. |
| ⓘFerberite Formula:FeWO4 |
| ⓘFerrosilite Formula:Fe2+2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ'Garnet Group' Formula:X3Z2(SiO4)3 Habit: Equant habit, typical, well-developed garnet crystals. Rhombic dodecahedra {110}, sometimes modified by {211}. Colour: Orange, orange-yellow, green-brown. Description: Small orange, yellow-orange and green-brown clear crystals with good vitreous luster. Well-developed and typical garnet-like crystal-shape with rhombic dodecahedra {110}, sometimes modified by {211}. Identified by Raman spectroscopy.Crystals occur in small groups inside high-temperature fumaroles associated with green pyroxenes. They can be seen in light-colored zones without sulfide and metal oxide sublimates.Raman analysis by Günter Frenz. References: |
| ⓘGypsum Formula:CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Kotake quarry, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Colour: Colorless or white, but also intensely colored yellow, green or blue by impurities like molybdenum blue. Description: Fibrous crusts in the vicinity of high temperature fumaroles. Colorless, white, but also colored yellow, green or blue (by molybdenum blue). |
| ⓘHalite Formula:NaCl Localities: |
| ⓘHematite Formula:Fe2O3 Localities: |
| ⓘHydroniumjarosite Formula:(H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘIlmenite Formula:Fe2+TiO3 Description: Present in small amounts in Iodake rhyolite. |
| ⓘIlsemannite Formula:Mo3O8 · nH2O Localities: Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Kotake quarry, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Colour: Blue Description: Blue sublimates on rocks around high-temperature fumaroles at the summit crater, although never close to the vent of very high temperature fumaroles. More rarely embedded in thin opal crusts. Many specimens pale within a few days or weeks. |
| ⓘJarosite Formula:KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘKaolinite Formula:Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘMagnetite Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Description: In and on salt crusts and halite cubes in high temperature fumaroles. Tiny octahedal crystals. Also as tiny, black plates, associated with a red-brown, translucent mineral, possibly hematite. These crystals may look like iron roses, as if initially deposited hematite had been reduced to magnetite. Crystal flakes are attracted by a magnet, powder XRD confirms magnetite. |
| ⓘMolybdenite Formula:MoS2 Localities: |
| ⓘMolybdite Formula:MoO3 Localities: |
| ⓘNative Sulphur Formula:S8 Localities: Reported from at least7 localities in this region. Description: Fumarolic deposits. In and around low-temperature fumaroles, forming thick crusts of massive sulfur that may cover large areas and look unsuspicious because of their dust-covered dark-gray surface. Also large soft sponge-like aggregates of small crystals. Sulphur nuggets in ravines. Skeltal crystals [111] of α-sulfur formed at temperatures below 95°C, almost colorless needles of β-sulphur around fumarole vents of higher tempertures. Massive stalactites. In and around the crater solidified molten sulfur. (Field observations, Amir Akhavan) |
| ⓘOpal Formula:SiO2 · nH2O Localities: Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan North-western fumarole field, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Eastern alluvial fan, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Monogusa, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Description: Crusts on altered rocks around fumaroles, often covering hundreds of square meters. Crusts can be several centimeters thick and are usually white or gray, sometimes reddish. They are mostly dull and only occasionally show vitreous luster and botryoidal habit typical for hyalite. |
| ⓘOpal var. Opal-AG Formula:SiO2 · nH2O Description: colorless crust References: |
| ⓘPalmierite Formula:K2Pb(SO4)2 |
| ⓘPyrite Formula:FeS2 |
| ⓘPyrrhotite Formula:Fe1-xS Description: Present in small amounts as tiny phenocrysts and globules in Iodake dacites and rhyolites. |
| ⓘQuartz Formula:SiO2 Localities: Description: Rock-forming mineral found in altered rocks close to high temperature fumaroles, where it partially replaces tridymite and cristobalite that are typically found at lower temperature fumaroles. Also as tiny (sub-millimeter) crystals outlining cracks in partially altered volcanic rocks (rare). |
| ⓘRoedderite Formula:K(◻Na)Mg2Mg3[Si12O30] Localities: Colour: Deep blue to blue-green |
| ⓘSassolite Formula:H3BO3 Habit: Very thin and soft flakes. Description: Can be found close to the vents of small low temperature fumaroles in the vicinity of high-temperature fumaroles as a white sublimate. Water-soluble, hence can only be found after several days with dry weather. |
| ⓘSphalerite Formula:ZnS Localities: |
| ⓘ'Sulfurite' Formula:S Description: Small solidified sulfur flows (a few centimeters in length) of yellow, yellow-brown to orange color, close to fumaroles. References: |
| ⓘSylvite Formula:KCl Localities: |
| ⓘThénardite Formula:Na2SO4 |
| ⓘTridymite Formula:SiO2 Localities: Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Otanibira quarry, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Eastern alluvial fan, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Main Crater, Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake), Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island), Mishima village, Kagoshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan |
| ⓘTugarinovite Formula:MoO2 Localities: |
| ⓘ'Unnamed (Tl-Bi Sulphide)' Formula:Tl-Bi-S |
| ⓘ'Wollastonite Group' Habit: Acicular, in small radially grown tufts or randomly intergrown. Colour: Colorless Description: Colorless needles, in small tufts and randomly intergrown. Associated with garnet and green pyroxenes in high temperature fumaroles in zones with little or no metal sulfide sublimate deposition. Possibly (but not yet confirmed analytically) also on crumbly red rocks from high-temperature fumaroles associated with sulfates (copiapite group).Raman analysis by Günter Frenz. References: |
| ⓘWulfenite Formula:Pb(MoO4) Localities: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Clinosulphur | 1.CC. | S8 |
| ⓘ | Native Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| ⓘ | Sylvite | 3.AA.20 | KCl |
| ⓘ | Challacolloite | 3.AA.55 | KPb2Cl5 |
| ⓘ | Cotunnite | 3.AB.85 | PbCl2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Tridymite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal var. Opal-AG | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Cristobalite | 4.DA.15 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Tugarinovite | 4.DB.05 | MoO2 |
| ⓘ | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Molybdite | 4.E0.10 | MoO3 |
| ⓘ | Ilsemannite | 4.FJ.15 | Mo3O8 · nH2O |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Sassolite | 6.AA.05 | H3BO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Aphthitalite | 7.AC.35 | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Thénardite | 7.AD.25 | Na2SO4 |
| ⓘ | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Palmierite | 7.AD.40 | K2Pb(SO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Alunite | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydroniumjarosite | 7.BC.10 | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Roedderite | 9.CM.05 | K(◻Na)Mg2Mg3[Si12O30] |
| ⓘ | Ferrosilite | 9.DA.05 | Fe2+2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Copiapite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Sulfurite' | - | S |
| ⓘ | 'Wollastonite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Coquimbite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Unnamed (Tl-Bi Sulphide)' | - | Tl-Bi-S |
List of minerals for each chemical element
Localities in this Region
- Kagoshima Prefecture
- Kagoshima District
- Mishima village
- Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island)
- Mishima village
- Kagoshima District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
References
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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are© OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 byJolyon Ralph.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844.doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy -Terms & Conditions -Contact Us / DMCA issues -Report a bug/vulnerabilityCurrent server date and time: November 27, 2025 21:34:03 Page updated: October 25, 2025 01:26:18
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are© OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 byJolyon Ralph.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844.doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy -Terms & Conditions -Contact Us / DMCA issues -Report a bug/vulnerabilityCurrent server date and time: November 27, 2025 21:34:03 Page updated: October 25, 2025 01:26:18