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Toughnut Mine, Tombstone, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USAi
Regional Level Types
Toughnut MineMine
TombstoneTown
Tombstone Mining DistrictMining District
Cochise CountyCounty
ArizonaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
31° 42' 30'' North , 110° 4' 0'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
31.70837,-110.06681
GeoHash:
G#:9t9srk7f9
GRN:
N22W67
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Tombstone1,312(2017)0.5km
Whetstone2,617(2017)25.8km
Saint David1,699(2011)25.8km
Huachuca City1,755(2017)26.8km
Sierra Vista43,355(2017)28.2km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Huachuca Mineral and Gem ClubSierra Vista, Arizona28km
Sunsites Gem and Mineral ClubPearce, Arizona32km
Mindat Locality ID:
23053
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:23053:4
GUID (UUID V4):
15b492d7-a40b-44ca-bd9b-16725ca4c999
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Tough Nut Mine; Northwest Mine; Hoodoo stopes; Tombstone group


A former small underground Pb-Ag-Zn-Cu-Au-V-(Cd) mine located in the center of sec. 11 and 14, T.20S., R.22E, ¼ mile south of Tombstone, on private land. Discovered by A.E. Sheiffelin in February 1878. One of Tombstone's first mines, included in the Tombstone group, adjoins the Empire shaft. Owned at times, or in part, by the Tombstone Mill & Mining Co., Tombstone Consolidated Mines Co., Bunker Hill mines Co., and the Tombstone Development Co.

Mineralization is a replacement deposit oxidized base metal sulfides in replacement orebodies in the lower section of the Cretaceous Bisbee Group beds along anticlinal rolls and in pipes where rolls are cut by 'northeast' fissures.

Local structures include the Tombstone Basin; N-trending dikes and NE fissures.

Workings include shafts, drifts, winzes and open cuts. Workings length is 1,219.2 meters in overall area 304.8 meters long, 228.6 meters wide and 152.4 meters deep, including the Empire and adjoining shaft. Several thousand tons of ore were produced in the late 1800s and early 1900s. After 1883 production was included under the Goodenough and the Tombstone group in ABGMT-USBM file data.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAcanthite
Formula:Ag2S
ⓘAnglesite
Formula:PbSO4
ⓘAzurite
Formula:Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘBeaverite-(Cu)
Formula:Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘBrochantite
Formula:Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Habit: Needle-like
Description: Crystals lining vugs in cuprite.
ⓘButtgenbachite
Formula:Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
ⓘCaledonite
Formula:Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
ⓘCerussite
Formula:PbCO3
ⓘChalcocite
Formula:Cu2S
ⓘChlorargyrite
Formula:AgCl
ⓘChlorargyrite var. Bromian Chlorargyrite
Formula:Ag(Cl,Br)
ⓘClinozoisite
Formula:(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘConnellite
Formula:Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Habit: Slender, needle-like
Description: Crystals and aggregates in cavities in cuprite.
ⓘCopper
Formula:Cu
Description: Microscopic particles sparsely distributed in cuprite. The irregular grains are grouped near the centers of cuprite crystals.
ⓘCuprite
Formula:Cu2O
Habit: Cubic
Colour: Bright red
ⓘDescloizite
Formula:PbZn(VO4)(OH)
ⓘEmmonsite
Formula:Fe3+2(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
ⓘFamatinite
Formula:Cu3SbS4
ⓘFluorite
Formula:CaF2
ⓘ'Girdite'
Formula:H2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
ⓘGold
Formula:Au
ⓘHematite
Formula:Fe2O3
ⓘHemimorphite
Formula:Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Description: Sparingly as radiating aggregates in oxidized ore.
ⓘJarosite
Formula:KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Abundant.
ⓘKaolinite
Formula:Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘLeadhillite
Formula:Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘLinarite
Formula:PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘMackayite
Formula:Fe3+(Te4+2O5)(OH)
ⓘMalachite
Formula:Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘMimetite
Formula:Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
ⓘMonticellite
Formula:CaMgSiO4
Description: On the 4th. level as narrow bands in a contact metamorphosed zone.
ⓘMottramite
Formula:PbCu(VO4)(OH)
Habit: Brilliant crystals
Colour: Black
ⓘ'Oboyerite'
ⓘPlumbojarosite
Formula:Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
ⓘRosasite
Formula:(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Colour: Bright green
Description: Mammillary spherules in siliceous linings of vugs & between hemimorphite crystals.
ⓘSaponite
Formula:Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘSmithsonite
Formula:ZnCO3
Habit: Tiny, rhombic
ⓘSonoraite
Formula:Fe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
ⓘStromeyerite
Formula:AgCuS
ⓘTellurium
Formula:Te
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula:Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘThaumasite
Formula:Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
ⓘTremolite
Formula:◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Description: Long fibrous masses.
ⓘVesuvianite
Formula:Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
ⓘWillemite
Formula:Zn2SiO4
ⓘWulfenite
Formula:Pb(MoO4)

Gallery:

CaCO3ⓘCalcite
PbZn(VO4)(OH)ⓘDescloizite
CaF2ⓘFluorite
Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4ⓘKaolinite
Pb5(AsO4)3ClⓘMimetite
SiO2ⓘQuartz
(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘRosasite
Zn2SiO4ⓘWillemite
Pb(MoO4)ⓘWulfenite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘCopper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘTellurium1.CC.10Te
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘStromeyerite2.BA.40AgCuS
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘFamatinite2.KA.10Cu3SbS4
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘChlorargyrite3.AA.15AgCl
ⓘvar. Bromian Chlorargyrite3.AA.15Ag(Cl,Br)
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘButtgenbachite3.DA.25Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
ⓘConnellite3.DA.25Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Oboyerite'4..
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘMackayite4.JL.10Fe3+(Te4+2O5)(OH)
ⓘ'Girdite'4.JL.30H2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
ⓘEmmonsite4.JM.10Fe3+2(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
ⓘSonoraite4.JN.05Fe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSmithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘRosasite5.BA.10(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘLeadhillite5.BF.40Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBrochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘBeaverite-(Cu)7.BC.10Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘPlumbojarosite7.BC.10Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘCaledonite7.BC.50Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
ⓘLinarite7.BC.65PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
ⓘThaumasite7.DG.15Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
ⓘWulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘDescloizite8.BH.40PbZn(VO4)(OH)
ⓘMottramite8.BH.40PbCu(VO4)(OH)
ⓘMimetite8.BN.05Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘWillemite9.AA.05Zn2SiO4
ⓘMonticellite9.AC.10CaMgSiO4
ⓘHemimorphite9.BD.10Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘClinozoisite9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘVesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘSaponite9.EC.45Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
HⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
HⓘButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
HⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
HⓘClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
HⓘConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
HⓘDescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
HⓘEmmonsiteFe23+(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
HⓘGirditeH2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
HⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
HⓘJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘKaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
HⓘLeadhillitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
HⓘLinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
HⓘMackayiteFe3+(Te24+O5)(OH)
HⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
HⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
HⓘPlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
HⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
HⓘSonoraiteFe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
HⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
HⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
HⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
CCarbon
CⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
CⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
CⓘCerussitePbCO3
CⓘLeadhillitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
CⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
CⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
CⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
CⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
NNitrogen
NⓘButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
OOxygen
OⓘAnglesitePbSO4
OⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
OⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
OⓘButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
OⓘCerussitePbCO3
OⓘClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
OⓘConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
OⓘCupriteCu2O
OⓘDescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
OⓘEmmonsiteFe23+(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
OⓘGirditeH2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
OⓘHematiteFe2O3
OⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
OⓘJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘKaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
OⓘLeadhillitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
OⓘLinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
OⓘMackayiteFe3+(Te24+O5)(OH)
OⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OⓘMimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
OⓘMonticelliteCaMgSiO4
OⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
OⓘPlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
OⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
OⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
OⓘSonoraiteFe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
OⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
OⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
OⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
OⓘWillemiteZn2SiO4
OⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)
FFluorine
FⓘFluoriteCaF2
MgMagnesium
MgⓘMonticelliteCaMgSiO4
MgⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
MgⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
MgⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
AlAluminium
AlⓘClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
AlⓘKaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
AlⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
SiSilicon
SiⓘClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
SiⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
SiⓘKaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
SiⓘMonticelliteCaMgSiO4
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
SiⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
SiⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
SiⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
SiⓘWillemiteZn2SiO4
SSulfur
SⓘAcanthiteAg2S
SⓘAnglesitePbSO4
SⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
SⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
SⓘChalcociteCu2S
SⓘConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
SⓘFamatiniteCu3SbS4
SⓘJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘLeadhillitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
SⓘLinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
SⓘPlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘStromeyeriteAgCuS
SⓘTetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
SⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
ClChlorine
ClⓘButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
ClⓘChlorargyriteAgCl
ClⓘConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
ClⓘChlorargyrite var.Bromian ChlorargyriteAg(Cl,Br)
ClⓘMimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
KPotassium
KⓘJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
CaCalcium
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
CaⓘFluoriteCaF2
CaⓘMonticelliteCaMgSiO4
CaⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
CaⓘThaumasiteCa3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
CaⓘTremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
CaⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
VVanadium
VⓘDescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
VⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
FeIron
FeⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
FeⓘEmmonsiteFe23+(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
FeⓘHematiteFe2O3
FeⓘJarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
FeⓘMackayiteFe3+(Te24+O5)(OH)
FeⓘPlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
FeⓘSaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
FeⓘSonoraiteFe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
FeⓘVesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
CuCopper
CuⓘAzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
CuⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
CuⓘBrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
CuⓘButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O
CuⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
CuⓘChalcociteCu2S
CuⓘConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
CuⓘCupriteCu2O
CuⓘCopperCu
CuⓘFamatiniteCu3SbS4
CuⓘLinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
CuⓘMalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
CuⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
CuⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
CuⓘStromeyeriteAgCuS
CuⓘTetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ZnZinc
ZnⓘDescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
ZnⓘHemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ZnⓘRosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnⓘSmithsoniteZnCO3
ZnⓘWillemiteZn2SiO4
AsArsenic
AsⓘMimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
BrBromine
BrⓘChlorargyrite var.Bromian ChlorargyriteAg(Cl,Br)
MoMolybdenum
MoⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)
AgSilver
AgⓘAcanthiteAg2S
AgⓘChlorargyriteAgCl
AgⓘChlorargyrite var.Bromian ChlorargyriteAg(Cl,Br)
AgⓘStromeyeriteAgCuS
SbAntimony
SbⓘFamatiniteCu3SbS4
SbⓘTetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
TeTellurium
TeⓘEmmonsiteFe23+(TeO3)3 · 2H2O
TeⓘGirditeH2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
TeⓘMackayiteFe3+(Te24+O5)(OH)
TeⓘSonoraiteFe3+(TeO3)(OH) · H2O
TeⓘTelluriumTe
AuGold
AuⓘGoldAu
PbLead
PbⓘAnglesitePbSO4
PbⓘBeaverite-(Cu)Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
PbⓘCaledonitePb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
PbⓘCerussitePbCO3
PbⓘDescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)
PbⓘGirditeH2Pb3(Te4+O3)(Te6+O6)
PbⓘLeadhillitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
PbⓘLinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
PbⓘMimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
PbⓘMottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
PbⓘPlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
PbⓘWulfenitePb(MoO4)

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tough_Nut_Mine
Wikidata ID:Q17026860
Link to USGS MRDS:10039570

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Mexico
North America
North America PlateTectonic Plate
North America Plate
USA

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Arizona Bureau of Mines files.
MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039570, MRDS ID #M050351; and, Dep. ID #10258769, MAS ID #0040030692.
Hamilton, Patrick (1881) The Resources of Arizona - A Manual of Reliable Information Concerning the Territory: 35. Prescott, AZ.
Blake, W.P. (1882) The geology and veins of Tombstone, Arizona. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers: 10: 336, 342-344.
Church, J.A. (1903) The Tombstone, Arizona, mining district. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers: 33: 6, 9, 14-17, 21-22, 24, 25-26.
Guild, F.N. (1911) Mineralogische Notizen. Zeitschrift für Krystallografie und Mineralogie, 49, 321-331.
Guild, F.N. (1917), A microscopic study of the silver ores and their associated minerals, Economic Geology: 12: 297-353.
Rasor, Charles Alfred (1938) Bromyrite from Tombstone, Arizona.American Mineralogist, 23 (3). 157-159
Butler, B.S. et al. (1938) Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, Arizona. Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 143: 41, 44, 51, 89, 92-93, Pl. III, IV.
Rasor, C.A. (1939) Manganese mineralization at Tombstone, Arizona. Economic Geologist: 34: 790-803.
Frondel, Clifford, Pough, Fred H. (1944) Two new tellurites of iron: mackayite and blakeite. With new data on emmonsite and "durdenite.".American Mineralogist, 29 (5-6) 211-225
Galbraith, F. W. (1947) Minerals of Arizona (Second Edition, Revised)University of Arizona Bulletin 153. Arizona Bureau of Mines
Romslo, T.M. and Ravitz, S.F. (1947) Arizona manganese-silver ores. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4097.
Gilluly, James (1956) General geology of central Cochise County, Arizona, with sections on age and correlation, by A.R. Palmer, J.S. Williamson, and J.B. Reeside, Jr.: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 281, 169 p., 13 sheets, scale 1:62,500.
Galbraith, F.W. and Brennan, D.J. (1959) Minerals of Arizona: 48, 53, 64, 65, 70, 92, 101.
Bideaux, R.A. et al. (1960) Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona. Arizona Geological Society Digest, 3, 53-56.
McLean, W. John, Anthony, John W. (1972) The disordered, "zeolite-like" structure of connellite.American Mineralogist, 57 (3-4). 426-438
(1973) Index of Mining Properties in Cochise County, Arizona.University of Arizona Bulletin 187. Arizona Bureau of Minesp.79 - Table 4
Anthony, J.W. et al. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 125, 131, 146, 157, 183, 196, 200, 211, 212, 219, 247, 261, 265, 281, 304, 306, 332, 357, 361, 374, 385, 392, 401.
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