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Sa Corona 'e sa Craba, Barbusi, Carbonia, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italyi
Regional Level Types
Sa Corona 'e sa CrabaCave
BarbusiVillage
CarboniaCommune
South Sardinia ProvinceProvince
SardiniaAutonomous Region
ItalyCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 11' 34'' North , 8° 30' 41'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
39.19281,8.51153
GRN:
N27E05
Type:
Cave
Köppen climate type:
Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Barbusi546(2018)1.1km
Sirai289(2018)1.5km
Carbonia21,664(2018)3.2km
Cortoghiana2,478(2018)4.5km
Medadeddu394(2018)5.1km
Mindat Locality ID:
185594
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:185594:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
Italian:
Sa corona 'e sa craba, Barbusi, Carbonia, Provincia del Sud Sardegna, Sardegna, Italia
Sardinian:
Sa corona 'e sa craba, Brabusi, Carbònia (Crabònia), Provìntzia de su Sud Sardigna (Provincia de su Sud Sardigna), Sardigna (Sardìnnia), Itàlia


Sa Corona 'e sa Craba area, whose name in Sardinian means "The crown of the goat", was explored for Pb, Zn and Ba ores in the early 1930s, and economic exploitation went on for a little more than 30 years after 1950.

A natural cave, located to the SE of Barbusi village and namedSa Corona 'e sa Craba cave, is entirely developed within a quartzite vein at the contact with Cambrian dolostones. Its natural entrance, enlarged during mining operations, opens at 260 m a.s.l. It is composed of an over 200 m long and 20 m wide gallery developed in a NW-SE direction. The cave was discovered in 1971 by cavers of the Gruppo Ricerche Speleologiche E.A. Martel of Carbonia and, because of its mineralogical interest, became immediately the object of intense collection activities. The cave is composed of a series of rooms entirely developed inside the quartzite rocks. The host rock appears dark, greyish to brownish. Carbonate speleothems, typical of caves carved in limestones and dolostones, are missing. After the first room, the cave continues with a wide and high gallery that hosts a large guano deposit generated by an important bat colony inhabiting the cave during spring-early summer.

The cave is well-known among minerals collectors forbaryte (in gorgeous crystals turning bluish when exposed to light), calcite, quartz, dolomite, and aragonite. The study of fluid inclusions found in baryte suggests their deposition at a temperature lower than 50°C, only when the rising reducing fluid became more oxidative (Sauro et al., 2014). Various secondary sulfates, phosphates, silicates, and oxihydroxides have been identified in recent times (Baldoni et al., 2013; Sauro et al., 2014; D'Angeli et al., 2018; Audra et al., 2019).

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘAlunite
Formula:KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘAragonite
Formula:CaCO3
✪Baryte
Formula:BaSO4
ⓘBerlinite ?
Formula:AlPO4
ⓘCalcite
Formula:CaCO3
ⓘCinnabar
Formula:HgS
ⓘDolomite
Formula:CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘFelsőbányaite
Formula:Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
ⓘGoethite
Formula:Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘGypsum
Formula:CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘHalloysite
Formula:Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘHematite
Formula:Fe2O3
ⓘHydrohalloysite
Formula:Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘHydroxylapatite
Formula:Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘLeucophosphite ?
Formula:KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
ⓘLizardite
Formula:Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘMuscovite
Formula:KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite var. Illite
Formula:K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘNatroalunite
Formula:NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘPyrolusite
Formula:Mn4+O2
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
ⓘRobertsite
Formula:Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘ'Smectite Group'
Formula:A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘSpheniscidite
Formula:(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘStrengite
Formula:FePO4 · 2H2O
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘTaranakite
Formula:K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘTodorokite
Formula:(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
ⓘVashegyite
Formula:Al11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
References:
Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
ⓘWalthierite
Formula:Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘCinnabar2.CD.15aHgS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
ⓘTodorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘNatroalunite7.BC.10NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘWalthierite7.BC.10Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘFelsőbányaite7.DD.05Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘBerlinite ?8.AA.05AlPO4
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘStrengite8.CD.10FePO4 · 2H2O
ⓘTaranakite8.CH.25K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
ⓘVashegyite8.DB.10Al11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
ⓘLeucophosphite ?8.DH.10KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
ⓘSpheniscidite8.DH.10(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
ⓘRobertsite8.DH.30Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘHalloysite9.ED.10Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘHydrohalloysite9.ED.10Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘLizardite9.ED.15Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Unclassified
ⓘ'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
HⓘAluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘFelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
HⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
HⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
HⓘHalloysiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
HⓘHydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
HⓘMuscovite var.IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
HⓘLeucophosphiteKFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
HⓘLizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
HⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
HⓘNatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘRobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
HⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
HⓘStrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
HⓘTaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
HⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
HⓘVashegyiteAl11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
HⓘWalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
HⓘHydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
HⓘSmectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
CCarbon
CⓘAragoniteCaCO3
CⓘCalciteCaCO3
CⓘDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
NNitrogen
NⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
OOxygen
OⓘAluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘAragoniteCaCO3
OⓘBaryteBaSO4
OⓘBerliniteAlPO4
OⓘCalciteCaCO3
OⓘDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
OⓘFelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
OⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
OⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
OⓘHalloysiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
OⓘHematiteFe2O3
OⓘHydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
OⓘMuscovite var.IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
OⓘLeucophosphiteKFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
OⓘLizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
OⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
OⓘNatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘPyrolusiteMn4+O2
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘRobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
OⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
OⓘStrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
OⓘTaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
OⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
OⓘVashegyiteAl11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
OⓘWalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
OⓘHydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
OⓘSmectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
NaSodium
NaⓘNatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
NaⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
MgMagnesium
MgⓘDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
MgⓘLizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
MgⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AlAluminium
AlⓘAluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
AlⓘBerliniteAlPO4
AlⓘFelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
AlⓘHalloysiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
AlⓘMuscovite var.IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
AlⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlⓘNatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
AlⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
AlⓘTaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
AlⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AlⓘVashegyiteAl11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
AlⓘWalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
AlⓘHydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
SiSilicon
SiⓘHalloysiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
SiⓘMuscovite var.IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
SiⓘLizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
SiⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘHydrohalloysiteAl2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O
PPhosphorus
PⓘBerliniteAlPO4
PⓘHydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
PⓘLeucophosphiteKFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
PⓘRobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
PⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
PⓘStrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
PⓘTaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
PⓘVashegyiteAl11(PO4)9(OH)6 · 38H2O
SSulfur
SⓘAluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘBaryteBaSO4
SⓘCinnabarHgS
SⓘFelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O
SⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
SⓘNatroaluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
SⓘWalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
KPotassium
KⓘAluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
KⓘMuscovite var.IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
KⓘLeucophosphiteKFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
KⓘMuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
KⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
KⓘTaranakiteK3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O
KⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CaCalcium
CaⓘAragoniteCaCO3
CaⓘCalciteCaCO3
CaⓘDolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
CaⓘGypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
CaⓘHydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
CaⓘRobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
CaⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
MnManganese
MnⓘPyrolusiteMn4+O2
MnⓘRobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
MnⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
FeIron
FeⓘGoethiteFe3+O(OH)
FeⓘHematiteFe2O3
FeⓘLeucophosphiteKFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
FeⓘSpheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
FeⓘStrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
SrStrontium
SrⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
BaBarium
BaⓘBaryteBaSO4
BaⓘTodorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
BaⓘWalthieriteBa0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
HgMercury
HgⓘCinnabarHgS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Baldoni, E., De Waele, J., Galli, E., Messina, M., Onac, B.P., Sanna, L., Sauro, F., and Villani, M. (2013) Mineralogy and speleogenesis of the Corona ‘e sa Craba quartzite cave (Carbonia, SW Sardinia). Mine Caves, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, 28, 197-210
Sauro, F., De Waele, J., Onac, B.P., Galli, E., Dublyansky, Y., Baldoni, E., and Sanna, L. (2014) Hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzite: the case of Corona 'e sa Craba Cave (SW Sardinia, Italy). Geomorphology, 211, 77-88.
D'Angeli, I. M., Carbone, C., Nagostinis, M., Parise, M., Vattano, M., Madonia, G., and De Waele, J. (2018) New insights on secondary minerals from Italian sulfuric acid caves. International Journal of Speleology, 47, 3, 271-291.
Audra, Philippe, De Waele, Jo, Bentaleb, Ilham, Chroňáková, Alica, Krištůfek, Václav, D’Angeli, Ilenia, Carbone, Cristina, Madonia, Giuliana, Vattano, Marco, Scopelliti, Giovanna, et al. (2019) Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves.International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1). 75-105doi:10.5038/1827-806x.48.1.2252
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