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Penglai Gem deposit, Penglai, Ding'an Co., Hainan, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Penglai Gem depositDeposit
Penglai- not defined -
Ding'an Co.County
HainanProvince
ChinaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
19° 32' 23'' North , 110° 32' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
19.53972,110.53611
GeoHash:
G#:w7qx5m1gn
GRN:
N14E74
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Am : Tropical monsoon climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Wenchang115,000(2017)23.8km
Qionghai480,000(2017)33.9km
Qiongshan87,657(2013)55.2km
Xiuying290,000(2012)57.2km
Mindat Locality ID:
145082
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:145082:1
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Outcrops of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, consisting of pyroxene-olivine basalt, alkaline olivine basalt and pyroclastic rocks. They contain abundant mantle xenoliths of lherzolite and olivine websterite, and xenocrysts of olivine, corundum and other minerals. The mining area is about 35 km2.

Penglai sapphire has a magmatic origin, mostly showing various shapes of incomplete girdles, barrels, and flakes. The content of Ti in rims is higher than in cores of color-banded sapphire, which results from ubiquitous Ti-bearing inclusions within grown bands. The main chromophore of the deep-blue core is Fe2+-Ti4+, which pairs with Fe3+-Fe3+, Cr3+, and V3+ in the core, likely producing purple-hued blue in an oxidizing environment. The yellowish-brown rim is due to Fe3+ and Cr3+ in a reduced environment.

Located about 2 km SE of Penglai City.

Select Mineral List Type

StandardDetailedGalleryStrunzChemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘColumbite-(Fe)
Formula:Fe2+Nb2O6
Description: Found as inclusions in corundum.
ⓘCorundum
Formula:Al2O3
ⓘCorundum var. Ruby ?
Formula:Al2O3
ⓘCorundum var. Sapphire
Formula:Al2O3
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'
ⓘIlmenite
Formula:Fe2+TiO3
ⓘMagnetite
Formula:Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula:Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ'Olivine Group'
Formula:M2SiO4
ⓘ'Plagioclase'
Formula:(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘPyrope
Formula:Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'
Formula:ADSi2O6
ⓘQuartz
Formula:SiO2
ⓘSpinel
Formula:MgAl2O4
ⓘZircon
Formula:Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘCorundum4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘCorundum
var. Ruby ?		4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘvar. Sapphire4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘColumbite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Nb2O6
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘPyrope9.AD.25Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4

List of minerals for each chemical element

OOxygen
OⓘCorundumAl2O3
OⓘColumbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
OⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
OⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
OⓘPyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
OⓘQuartzSiO2
OⓘCorundum var.RubyAl2O3
OⓘCorundum var.SapphireAl2O3
OⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
OⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
OⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
OⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
OⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
OⓘPyroxene GroupADSi2O6
OⓘOlivine GroupM2SiO4
NaSodium
NaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
MgⓘPyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
MgⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
MgⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
AlAluminium
AlⓘCorundumAl2O3
AlⓘPyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
AlⓘCorundum var.RubyAl2O3
AlⓘCorundum var.SapphireAl2O3
AlⓘSpinelMgAl2O4
AlⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
SiⓘPyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
SiⓘQuartzSiO2
SiⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
SiⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
SiⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiⓘPyroxene GroupADSi2O6
SiⓘOlivine GroupM2SiO4
CaCalcium
CaⓘPlagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
TiⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
TiⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeIron
FeⓘColumbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
FeⓘIlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeⓘMagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
FeⓘMagnetite var.Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
FeⓘFayalite-Forsterite Series
ZrZirconium
ZrⓘZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
NbⓘColumbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, pleaseregister so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt tovisit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holdersfor access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Wang Furui (1988): The Sapphires of Penglai, Hainan Island, China. Gems & Gemology 24(3), 155-160.
Wang Denghong, Chen Yuchuan, Xu Jue, Yang Jianmin, Xue Chunji, and Yan Shenghao (2000): Cenozoic Mineralization in China, as a Key to Past Mineralization and a Clue to Future Prospecting. Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 478-484.
Qiu Zhili, Qin Shecai, and Chen Xiaoming (2001): Tantalic columbite inclusions in corundum megacrysts in Penglai, Hainan. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 21(2), 205-208.
Qiu Zhili, Wu Fuyuan, Yu Qingyuan, Xie Liewen, and Yang Shufeng (2005): Hf isotopes of zircon megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in estern China. Chinese Science Bulletin 50(22), 2602-2611.
Songxue Chen (2006): Study on Gemmological Characteristics of Zircon from Penglai, Hainan Province. Journal of Gems & Gemology 8(4), 6-9.
Wang, Guang-Ya, Yu, Xiao-Yan, Liu, Fei (2022) Genesis of Color Zonation and Chemical Composition of Penglai Sapphire in Hainan Province, China.Minerals, 12 (7) 832doi:10.3390/min12070832
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