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MediaWiki usesUnicode (UTF-8) forcharacter encoding.This allows for a wide range of characters, includingCJK characters[1], to be included directly in wikitext.The characters are encoded using a variable number of bytes per character.
Accented letters and umlauts
À Á Â Ã Ä ÅÆ Ç È É Ê ËÌ Í Î Ï Ñ ÒÓ Ô Œ Õ Ö Ø ÙÚ Û Ü ß à áâ ã ä å æ çè é ê ë ì íî ï ñ ò ó ôœ õ ö ø ù úû ü ÿ
Punctuation marks
¿ ¡ « » § ¶† ‡ • - – —
Business symbols
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤
Greek alphabets
α β γ δ ε ζη θ ι κ λ μ νξ ο π ρ σ ςτ υ φ χ ψ ωΓ Δ Θ Λ Ξ ΠΣ Φ Ψ Ω
Mathematical symbols
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔→ ↔ ↑ ℵ ∉
Subscript and superscript characters
x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹
Special characters button above the edit box. This requires the wiki to have theCharInsert extension installed. The available characters depend on the wiki and user preferences; the lists can be collapsible or menu-selected.à or an HTML numeric character reference like¡, then copy the character from the preview. The code itself used to be stored in the wikitext. This might still be present on some pages and can affect the internal search function. Some characters like "→" can't be found by the search function unless coded as→. SeeHelp:Searching.Many users have a setting that displays underlined links.This setting is available in theAppearance >Advanced options section on thePreferences page.For example, when adding a link to characters like +, −, <, >, ⊂, ⊃, with underlined links enabled (thus rendering as+, −, <, >, ⊂, ⊃), they may look like different symbols such as ±, =, ≤, ≥, ⊆, ⊇.Suppose you want to link the mathematical symbols for "subset" and "superset" in a MediaWiki article.If you simply link the symbols ⊂ and ⊃, they might be confusing or mistaken for other symbols due to their visual similarity.Here's how you can use clear links to represent subset and superset.
| Wikitext | Rendering |
|---|---|
A [[Subset|⊂]] B | A⊂ B |
A [[Superset|⊃]] B | A⊃ B |
This links ⊂ and ⊃ to the "Subset" and "Superset" articles respectively, making it clear that ⊂ represents a subset or superset.
If you want to combine symbols and text to make it clearer, you can use:A [[Subset|⊂]] B (where ⊂ indicates a subset).This provides context for the symbol ⊂ by explicitly mentioning that it indicates a subset.
There's less risk of confusion when linking phrases or multiple characters.For example:[[x|''x'' > 3]]
x is the target page, andx > 3 is the text that will appear as the link.The use of'' aroundx indicates emphasis (italicization), making it stand out. This visual distinction helps users recognize that it's a specific term or variable, not just a random character.
Certain special characters with decimalcodepoints below 256 can be typed using the keyboard by pressingAlt + Decimal code numbers.
For example, to type the characteré (small e with acute accent, HTML entity codeé), press Alt + 130, then release Alt.
However, some special characters likeλ (small lambda) cannot be typed using their decimal codes (955 or 0955) with the Alt key in applications like Notepad or Internet Explorer, resulting in incorrect characters like "╗" or "»".
Wordpad, on the other hand, supports decimal codepoints above 256, allowing you to enter and copy special/unicode characters.Alternatively, you can use hex codepoints followed byAlt+X in Wordpad or Word (not in IE or Notepad). For instance, type3BB (the hex code forλ) and pressAlt+X to convert3BB intoλ.PressingAlt+X again will revertλ to 3BB.This allows you to copy and paste the character wherever needed, or use its HTML codesλ orλ.
You can useHTML<sup> and<sub> tags to generate superscript and subsript characters without directly typing them in wikitext:
x<sub>k</sub> -> xkx<sub>k</sup> -> xkSome characters can be directly entered using HTML entities:
→ -> →, etc.More complex equations can be entered using<math> syntax:
<math>\sqrt x</math> →<math>x_k</math> -><math>x^k</math> ->To display Egyptian hieroglyphs, use the<hiero> tag.For example:
{{#tag:hiero|a-p:t-q}} ->
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SeeExtension:WikiHiero/Syntax for more details.
