Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version)¶
This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocateddevice numbers and/dev directory nodes for the Linux operatingsystem.
The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained, nor isthe document that used to reside at lanana.org. This version in themainline Linux kernel is the master document. Updates shall be sentas patches to the kernel maintainers (see theDocumentation/process/submitting-patches.rst document).Specifically explore the sections titled “CHAR and MISC DRIVERS”, and“BLOCK LAYER” in the MAINTAINERS file to find the right maintainersto involve for character and block devices.
This document is included by reference into the Filesystem HierarchyStandard (FHS). The FHS is available fromhttps://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amigaplatform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k onthe Atari platform only.
This document is in the public domain. The authors requests, however,that semantically altered versions are not distributed withoutpermission of the authors, assuming the authors can be contacted withoutan unreasonable effort.
Attention
DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS
Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation of device numberingand can usesysfs andudev (systemd) to handle the naming needs.There are still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Beforeasking for a device number make sure you actually need one.
To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situationswhere that applies (e.g. busmice), please submit a patch and send tothe authors as indicated above.
Keep the description of the devicein the same formatas this list. The reason for this is that it is the only way we havefound to ensure we have all the requisite information to publish yourdevice and avoid conflicts.
Finally, sometimes we have to play “namespace police.” Please don’t beoffended. We often get submissions for/dev names that would be boundto cause conflicts down the road. We are trying to avoid getting in asituation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forwardchange. Therefore, please consult with usbefore you make yourdevice names and numbers in any way public, at least to the pointwhere it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
Your cooperation is appreciated.
0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) 0 = reserved as null device number See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas. 1 char Memory devices 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access 3 = /dev/null Null device 4 = /dev/port I/O port access 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen. 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen. 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface 11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's, reads export the buffered printk records. 12 = /dev/oldmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore 1 block RAM disk 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk 1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk ... 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here. /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for the initrd. 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master ... 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master Pseudo-tty's are named as follows: * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty"; * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating the position within the series. These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on demand. 2 block Floppy disks 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect To specify format, add to the autodetect device number: 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1) 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1) 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1) 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1) 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1) 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1) 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2) 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1) 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2) 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1) 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1) 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1) 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1) 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3) 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3) 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1) 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1) 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1) 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete? (1) Autodetectable format (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u) signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d), 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5" (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since the drive type is insignificant for these devices. 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave ... 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 devices are on major 136 and above. 3 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) For partitions, add to the whole disk device number: 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition ... 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions. Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes appropriate to their respective architectures. 4 char TTY devices 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console ... 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port ... 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices. Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3. 4 block Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used when its not possible to create the real device nodes because the root filesystem is mounted read-only. 0 = /dev/root 5 char Alternate TTY devices 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device 1 = /dev/console System console 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex 3 = /dev/ttyprintk User messages via printk TTY device 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0 ... 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191 (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See the section on terminal devices for more information on /dev/console. 6 char Parallel printer devices 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1 ... Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead, they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer. 7 char Virtual console capture devices 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text (glyph) contents 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text (glyph) contents ... 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text (glyph) contents 64 = /dev/vcsu Current vc text (unicode) contents 65 = /dev/vcsu1 tty1 text (unicode) contents ... 127 = /dev/vcsu63 tty63 text (unicode) contents 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute (glyph) contents 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute (glyph) contents ... 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute (glyph) contents NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access. 7 block Loopback devices 0 = /dev/loop0 First loop device 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loop device ... The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not associated with block devices. The binding to the loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8). 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15) 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 9 char SCSI tape devices 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0 ... 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1 ... 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2 ... 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3 ... 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind ... 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind ... 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind ... 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind ... "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of the device used to access it. 9 block Metadisk (RAID) devices 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group ... The metadisk driver is used to span a filesystem across multiple physical disks. 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga) 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device 129 = 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock 137 = /dev/vhci Bluetooth virtual HCI driver 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card 142 = 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs 152 = /dev/kpoll Kernel Poll Driver 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager 155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management 165 = /dev/vmmon VMware virtual machine monitor 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control 170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad IBM Thinkpad devices 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters 183 = /dev/hwrng Generic random number generator 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface 186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic snapshot of process state data 187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device 188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS 189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control 190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility 191 = /dev/pcl181 <information missing> 192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access 193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display 194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control 195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201 196 = /dev/vfio/vfio VFIO userspace driver interface 197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver 198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface 199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner 200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device 201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons 202 = /dev/emd/ctl Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control 203 = /dev/cuse Cuse (character device in user-space) 204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control 205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video 206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio 207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture 208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller 209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver 210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer 211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface 212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device 213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device 214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device 215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device 216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel 217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion 218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control 219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload 220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control 221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver 222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability 223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input 224 = /dev/tpm TCPA TPM driver 225 = /dev/pps Pulse Per Second driver 226 = /dev/systrace Systrace device 227 = /dev/mcelog X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver 228 = /dev/hpet HPET driver 229 = /dev/fuse Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space) 230 = /dev/midishare MidiShare driver 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions) 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device 236 = /dev/mapper/control Device-Mapper control device 237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device 238 = /dev/vhost-net Host kernel accelerator for virtio net 239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem 240 = /dev/userio Serio driver testing device 241 = /dev/vhost-vsock Host kernel driver for virtio vsock 242 = /dev/rfkill Turning off radio transmissions (rfkill) 243-254 Reserved for local use 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR 11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only) 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device 11 char Serial Mux device (Linux/PA-RISC only) 0 = /dev/ttyB0 First mux port 1 = /dev/ttyB1 Second mux port ... 11 block SCSI CD-ROM devices 0 = /dev/scd0 First SCSI CD-ROM 1 = /dev/scd1 Second SCSI CD-ROM ... The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated. 12 char QIC-02 tape 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close The device names specified are proposed -- if there are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know. 12 block 13 char Input core 0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick 1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick ... 32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse 33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse ... 63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse 64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue 65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue ... Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors). 13 block Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN) Deleted in kernel v3.9. 14 char Open Sound System (OSS) 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio 6 = 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port 14 block 15 char Joystick 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick ... 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick ... 15 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM 16 char Non-SCSI scanners 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner 16 block GoldStar CD-ROM 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM 17 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card) 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port ... 17 block Optics Storage CD-ROM 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM 18 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices) 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1 ... 18 block Sanyo CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM 19 char Cyclades serial card 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port ... 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port 19 block "Double" compressed disk 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk ... 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk ... 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk See the Double documentation for the meaning of the mirror devices. 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0 ... 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31 20 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development) 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM 21 char Generic SCSI access 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device ... Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...; this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in the system and is counter to standard Linux device-naming practice. 21 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC. Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3). 22 char Digiboard serial card 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port ... 22 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1 ... 23 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM 24 char Stallion serial card 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0 ... 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1 ... 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2 ... 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3 ... 24 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1 ... 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65 ... 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129 ... 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193 ... 25 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3 26 char 26 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3 27 char QIC-117 tape 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 27 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory 28 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer ... 28 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3 28 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari) 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15, like SCSI. 29 char Universal frame buffer 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer 1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer ... 31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame buffer 29 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface 32 = /dev/inet/ip Network access 33 = /dev/inet/icmp 34 = /dev/inet/ggp 35 = /dev/inet/ipip 36 = /dev/inet/tcp 37 = /dev/inet/egp 38 = /dev/inet/pup 39 = /dev/inet/udp 40 = /dev/inet/idp 41 = /dev/inet/rawip Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links: /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?) 30 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM. 31 char MPU-401 MIDI 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port 31 block ROM/flash memory card 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw) ... 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw) 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro) ... 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro) 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw) ... 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw) 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro) ... 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro) The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading only. 32 char Specialix serial card 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port ... 32 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1 ... 33 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port ... In a previous version these devices were named /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so on. 34 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed 35 block Slow memory ramdisk 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk 36 char Netlink support 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control 3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device ... 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device 36 block OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk) 37 char IDE tape 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape ... 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close ... Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported. 37 block Zorro II ramdisk 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board ... This device is used for status query, board control and "user level packet I/O." This board is also accessible as a standard networking "eth" device. 38 block OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+) 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel ... 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel ... 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer ... 39 block 40 char 40 block 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor 41 block 42 char Demo/sample use 42 block Demo/sample use This number is intended for use in sample code, as well as a general "example" device number. It should never be used for a device driver that is being distributed; either obtain an official number or use the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or removal of a driver with this number should not cause ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.) IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT. 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem ... 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem 43 block Network block devices 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device ... Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across network asking server for data. If you write to it, it sends packet telling server to write. It could be used to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over the net, implementing block device in userland etc. 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0 ... 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63 44 block Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device ... 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the partition limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.) 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data ... 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug ... 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device ... 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface 45 block Parallel port IDE disk devices 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the partition limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk. 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port ... 46 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1 ... 47 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar devices and hence does not support partitioning. 48 char SDL RISCom serial card 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port ... 48 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller 0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole disk For partitions add: 0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk 1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition ... 7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1 ... 49 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller 0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 50 char Reserved for GLINT 50 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller 0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk 51 char Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem ... 51 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card 52 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2 This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface by P&E. 53 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter 24-hour heart monitoring equipment. 54 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller 0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 56 char Apple Desktop Bus 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control Additional devices will be added to this number, all starting with /dev/adb. 56 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 57 char Hayes ESP serial card 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port ... 57 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1 ... 58 block Reserved for logical volume manager 59 char sf firewall package 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module 59 block Generic PDA filesystem device 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device ... The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage running small fs translation drivers) through serial / IRDA / parallel links. NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc 60-63 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 60-63 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not assigned official numbers, these ranges should be used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module 64 block Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices 0 = /dev/scramdisk/master Master node for ioctls 1 = /dev/scramdisk/1 First encrypted device 2 = /dev/scramdisk/2 Second encrypted device ... 255 = /dev/scramdisk/255 255th encrypted device The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master node which then activates them via one of the /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled through the sdmount tool). Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused) 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information. 65 block SCSI disk devices (16-31) 0 = /dev/sdq 17th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdr 18th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sds 19th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card ... 66 block SCSI disk devices (32-47) 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 67 char Coda network file system 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda. 67 block SCSI disk devices (48-63) 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application ... 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0 applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card. 68 block SCSI disk devices (64-79) 0 = /dev/sdbm 65th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdbn 66th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdbo 67th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access 69 block SCSI disk devices (80-95) 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface 70 block SCSI disk devices (96-111) 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1 ... 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1 ... 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1 ... 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1 ... 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63 71 block SCSI disk devices (112-127) 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1 ... 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65 ... 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129 ... 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193 ... 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255 72 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller 0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3 73 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller 0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 74 char SCI bridge 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1 ... Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI bridge. 74 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller 0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card ... 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card ... 75 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller 0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1 ... 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8 ... 76 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller 0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator 77 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller 0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem ... 78 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller 0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 ... 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller 0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk ... 240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera 80 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 81 char video4linux 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device ... 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device ... 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device 128 = /dev/swradio0 Software Defined Radio device ... 191 = /dev/swradio63 Software Defined Radio device 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt ... 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n) configuration option is set. 81 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card ... The driver and documentation may be obtained from https://www.winradio.com/ 82 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 83 char Matrox mga_vid video driver 0 = /dev/mga_vid0 1st video card 1 = /dev/mga_vid1 2nd video card 2 = /dev/mga_vid2 3rd video card ... 15 = /dev/mga_vid15 16th video card 83 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port 84 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed ... 85 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 86 char SCSI media changer 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer ... 86 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain ... 87 block I2O hard disk 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 88 char COMX synchronous serial card 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1 ... 88 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 89 char I2C bus interface 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter ... 89 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash) 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw) 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro) ... 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw) 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro) 90 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 91 char CAN-Bus devices 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller ... 91 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) Partitions are handled the same way as for the first interface (see major number 3). 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card 92 block PPDD encrypted disk driver 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk ... Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 93 char 93 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer ... 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer 94 char 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage 0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major 1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1 2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2 3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3 4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major 5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1 6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2 7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3 ... 95 char IP filter 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file ... 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape ... 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind ... 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer 0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer ... 240 = /dev/inftlp 16th INTFL layer 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI devices. 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi) 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device ... 47 = /dev/comedi47 48th comedi device Minors 48 to 255 are reserved for comedi subdevices with pathnames of the form "/dev/comediX_subdY", where "X" is the minor number of the associated comedi device and "Y" is the subdevice number. These subdevice minors are assigned dynamically, so there is no fixed mapping from subdevice pathnames to minor numbers. See https://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi project. 98 block User-mode virtual block device 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device 16 = /dev/ubdb Second user-mode block device ... Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port. 99 char Raw parallel ports 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port ... 99 block JavaStation flash disk 0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk 100 char Telephony for Linux 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device ... 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls ... 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls 101 block AMI HyperDisk RAID controller 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk ... 240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk For each device, partitions are added as: 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk 1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition 2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition ... 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition 102 char 102 block Compressed block device 0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device 16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device ... 240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole device Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 103 char Arla network file system 0 = /dev/nnpfs0 First NNPFS device 1 = /dev/nnpfs1 Second NNPFS device Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS. The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy mounting. For more information about the project, write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see https://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/ 103 block Audit device 0 = /dev/audit Audit device 104 char Flash BIOS support 104 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port ... 105 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port ... 106 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device 107 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 108 char Device independent PPP interface 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface 108 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager 109 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board ... 110 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 111 char 111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller 0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk ... 240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole disk Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 112 char ISI serial card 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port ... There is currently a device-naming conflict between these and PAM multimodems (major 78). 112 block IBM iSeries virtual disk 0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk ... 200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk 208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 7. 113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 ... 113 block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM 0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM 1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM ... 114 char Picture Elements ISE board 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board ... 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board ... The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command nodes used to control the board. 114 block IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the Promise Fastrak 0 = /dev/ataraid/d0 1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1 2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2 ... 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2 ... 255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 115 char TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker) 0 = /dev/tipar0 Parallel cable on first parallel port ... 7 = /dev/tipar7 Parallel cable on seventh parallel port 8 = /dev/tiser0 Serial cable on first serial port ... 15 = /dev/tiser7 Serial cable on seventh serial port 16 = /dev/tiusb0 First USB cable ... 47 = /dev/tiusb31 32nd USB cable 115 block NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255) The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare Partitions as a logical storage segment for use in mounting NetWare volumes. A maximum of 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single machine. http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/ 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume 2 = /dev/nwfs/v2 Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume ... 255 = /dev/nwfs/v255 Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA) 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM) Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each. Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au. 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1 First partition of first board 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2 Second partition of first board 15 = /dev/umem/d0p15 15th partition of first board 16 = /dev/umem/d1 Whole of second board 17 = /dev/umem/d1p1 First partition of second board ... 255= /dev/umem/d15p15 15th partition of 16th board. 117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel ... 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel ... 117 block Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS) The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing storage. This allows for easy expansion or customization of various levels of volume management. Requested by Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com). Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in /dev/evms. http://sf.net/projects/evms 0 = /dev/evms/block_device EVMS block device 1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1 First EVMS legacy device 2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2 Second EVMS legacy device ... Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet. ... 254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2 Second EVMS native device 255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1 First EVMS native device Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy device names. For example, /dev/hda5 would become /dev/evms/hda5. 118 char IBM Cryptographic Accelerator 0 = /dev/ica Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators 1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0 2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1 ... 119 char VMware virtual network control 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network ... 120-127 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 120-127 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not assigned official numbers, these ranges should be used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters These devices should not have corresponding device nodes; instead they should be accessed through the /dev/ptmx cloning interface. 128 block SCSI disk devices (128-143) 0 = /dev/sddy 129th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sddz 130th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdea 131th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sden 144th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 129 block SCSI disk devices (144-159) 0 = /dev/sdeo 145th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdep 146th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdeq 147th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdfd 160th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 130 char (Misc devices) 130 block SCSI disk devices (160-175) 0 = /dev/sdfe 161st SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdff 162nd SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdfg 163rd SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdft 176th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 131 block SCSI disk devices (176-191) 0 = /dev/sdfu 177th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdfv 178th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdfw 179th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdgj 192nd SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 132 block SCSI disk devices (192-207) 0 = /dev/sdgk 193rd SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdgl 194th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdgm 195th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdgz 208th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 133 block SCSI disk devices (208-223) 0 = /dev/sdha 209th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdhb 210th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdhc 211th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdhp 224th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 134 block SCSI disk devices (224-239) 0 = /dev/sdhq 225th SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdhr 226th SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdhs 227th SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdif 240th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 135 block SCSI disk devices (240-255) 0 = /dev/sdig 241st SCSI disk whole disk 16 = /dev/sdih 242nd SCSI disk whole disk 32 = /dev/sdih 243rd SCSI disk whole disk ... 240 = /dev/sdiv 256th SCSI disk whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY ... These device nodes are automatically generated with the proper permissions and modes by mounting the devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate mount options (distribution dependent, however, on *most* distributions the appropriate options are "mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".) 136 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c8d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c8d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c8d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 137 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c9d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c9d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c9d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 138 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller 0 = /dev/rd/c10d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c10d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c10d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 139 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c11d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c11d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c11d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 140 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c12d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c12d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c12d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 141 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c13d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c13d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c13d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 142 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c14d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c14d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c14d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 143 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller 0 = /dev/rd/c15d0 First disk, whole disk 8 = /dev/rd/c15d1 Second disk, whole disk ... 248 = /dev/rd/c15d31 32nd disk, whole disk Partitions are handled as for major 48. 144 char Encapsulated PPP 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet ... 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet This is primarily used for ADSL. The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict. 144 block Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts 0 = mounted device 256 255 = mounted device 511 145 char SAM9407-based soundcard 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp 4 = /dev/sam0_audio 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer ... 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer ... 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer ... Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec. 145 block Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts 0 = mounted device 512 255 = mounted device 767 146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device ... 146 block Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts 0 = mounted device 768 255 = mounted device 1023 147 char Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex ... 147 block Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) 0 = /dev/drbd0 First DRBD device 1 = /dev/drbd1 Second DRBD device ... 148 char Technology Concepts serial card 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port ... 149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1 ... 150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO ... 151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter ... 152 char EtherDrive Control Device 0 = /dev/etherd/ctl Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive 1 = /dev/etherd/err Monitor errors 2 = /dev/etherd/raw Raw AoE packet monitor 152 block EtherDrive Block Devices 0 = /dev/etherd/0 EtherDrive 0 ... 255 = /dev/etherd/255 EtherDrive 255 153 char SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire) 0 = /dev/spi0 First SPI device on the bus 1 = /dev/spi1 Second SPI device on the bus ... 15 = /dev/spi15 Sixteenth SPI device on the bus 153 block Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units 0 = /dev/emd/0 First unit 1 = /dev/emd/0p1 Partition 1 on First unit 2 = /dev/emd/0p2 Partition 2 on First unit ... 15 = /dev/emd/0p15 Partition 15 on First unit 16 = /dev/emd/1 Second unit 32 = /dev/emd/2 Third unit ... 240 = /dev/emd/15 Sixteenth unit Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 154 char Specialix RIO serial card 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port ... 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port 155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0 ... 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255 156 char Specialix RIO serial card 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port ... 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port 157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256 ... 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511 158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1 ... 159 char RESERVED 159 block RESERVED 160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB) 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus ... 160 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller 0 = /dev/carmel/0 SATA disk 0 whole disk 1 = /dev/carmel/0p1 SATA disk 0 partition 1 ... 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31 SATA disk 0 partition 31 32 = /dev/carmel/1 SATA disk 1 whole disk 64 = /dev/carmel/2 SATA disk 2 whole disk ... 224 = /dev/carmel/7 SATA disk 7 whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 31. 161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation) 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device ... 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device ... 161 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller 0 = /dev/carmel/8 SATA disk 8 whole disk 1 = /dev/carmel/8p1 SATA disk 8 partition 1 ... 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31 SATA disk 8 partition 31 32 = /dev/carmel/9 SATA disk 9 whole disk 64 = /dev/carmel/10 SATA disk 10 whole disk ... 224 = /dev/carmel/15 SATA disk 15 whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 31. 162 char Raw block device interface 0 = /dev/rawctl Raw I/O control device 1 = /dev/raw/raw1 First raw I/O device 2 = /dev/raw/raw2 Second raw I/O device ... max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs' 163 char 164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0 ... 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0 ... 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0 ... 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0 ... 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15 165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0 ... 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63 166 char ACM USB modems 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem ... 167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1 ... 168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000 ... 169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000 ... 170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card ... 171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire) 172 char Moxa Intellio serial card 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port ... 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port 173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1 ... 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127 174 char SmartIO serial card 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port ... 175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1 ... 176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device ... 177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card ... 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card ... 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card ... 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card 178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter ... 179 block MMC block devices 0 = /dev/mmcblk0 First SD/MMC card 1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1 First partition on first MMC card 8 = /dev/mmcblk1 Second SD/MMC card ... The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would bump the offset between each card to be the configured value instead of the default 8. 179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device ... 180 char USB devices 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer ... 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner ... 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de) 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0 Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD) 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0 1st USB HID device ... 111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device 112 = /dev/usb/auer0 1st auerswald ISDN device ... 127 = /dev/usb/auer15 16th auerswald ISDN device 128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0 First Braille Voyager device ... 131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3 Fourth Braille Voyager device 132 = /dev/usb/idmouse ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device 133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1 First SiSUSB VGA device ... 140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8 Eighth SISUSB VGA device 144 = /dev/usb/lcd USB LCD device 160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0 1st USB Legotower device ... 175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15 16th USB Legotower device 176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1 First USB TMC device ... 191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device 192 = /dev/usb/yurex1 First USB Yurex device ... 209 = /dev/usb/yurex16 16th USB Yurex device 180 block USB block devices 0 = /dev/uba First USB block device 8 = /dev/ubb Second USB block device 16 = /dev/ubc Third USB block device ... 181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock ... 182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board ... 183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface ... This device used to be assigned to major number 144. It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict. 184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board ... 185 char InterMezzo high availability file system 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager ... See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/ http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html 186 char Object-based storage control device 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device ... See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information. 187 char DESkey hardware encryption device 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key ... 188 char USB serial converters 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter ... 189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1 ... 190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card ... 191 char Reserved for PCMCIA 192 char Kernel profiling interface 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1 ... 193 char Kernel event-tracing interface 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1 ... 194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS) 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device ... 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device ... ... 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device ... 195 char Nvidia graphics devices 0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card 1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card ... 255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device 196 char Tormenta T1 card 0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards 1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS0 2 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0 ... 48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS0 49 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel 50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel ... 197 char OpenTNF tracing facility 0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction 1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction ... 128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status 130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device 198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card 0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card 1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card ... 199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes 0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume 1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume ... 199 block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes 0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume 1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* Second volume ... The namespace in these directories is maintained by the user space VxVM software. 200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface 0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node 1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node 2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node 3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node 4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node 5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon 201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver 0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device 1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device ... 201 block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver 0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device 1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device ... The namespace in these directories is maintained by the user space VxVM software. 202 char CPU model-specific registers 0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 0 1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1 ... 202 block Xen Virtual Block Device 0 = /dev/xvda First Xen VBD whole disk 16 = /dev/xvdb Second Xen VBD whole disk 32 = /dev/xvdc Third Xen VBD whole disk ... 240 = /dev/xvdp Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on partitions is 15. 203 char CPU CPUID information 0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 0 1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1 ... 204 char Low-density serial ports 0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0 1 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1 2 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2 3 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3 4 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM) 5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 0 6 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 1 7 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 2 8 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0 9 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1 10 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2 11 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3 12 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 0 13 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 1 14 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 2 15 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 3 16 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0 ... 31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 15 32 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0 ... 39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7 40 = /dev/ttySG0 SGI Altix console port 41 = /dev/ttySMX0 Motorola i.MX - port 0 42 = /dev/ttySMX1 Motorola i.MX - port 1 43 = /dev/ttySMX2 Motorola i.MX - port 2 44 = /dev/ttyMM0 Marvell MPSC - port 0 (obsolete unused) 45 = /dev/ttyMM1 Marvell MPSC - port 1 (obsolete unused) 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0 ... 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0 Altix serial card ... 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31 Altix serial card 82 = /dev/ttyVR0 NEC VR4100 series SIU 83 = /dev/ttyVR1 NEC VR4100 series DSIU 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84 Altix ioc4 serial card ... 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115 Altix ioc4 serial card 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0 Altix ioc3 serial card ... 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31 Altix ioc3 serial card 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0 PPC PSC - port 0 ... 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5 PPC PSC - port 5 154 = /dev/ttyAT0 ATMEL serial port 0 ... 169 = /dev/ttyAT15 ATMEL serial port 15 170 = /dev/ttyNX0 Hilscher netX serial port 0 ... 185 = /dev/ttyNX15 Hilscher netX serial port 15 186 = /dev/ttyJ0 JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation 187 = /dev/ttyUL0 Xilinx uartlite - port 0 ... 190 = /dev/ttyUL3 Xilinx uartlite - port 3 191 = /dev/xvc0 Xen virtual console - port 0 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0 pmac_zilog - port 0 ... 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3 pmac_zilog - port 3 196 = /dev/ttyTX0 TX39/49 serial port 0 ... 204 = /dev/ttyTX7 TX39/49 serial port 7 205 = /dev/ttySC0 SC26xx serial port 0 206 = /dev/ttySC1 SC26xx serial port 1 207 = /dev/ttySC2 SC26xx serial port 2 208 = /dev/ttySC3 SC26xx serial port 3 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0 MAX3100 serial port 0 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1 MAX3100 serial port 1 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2 MAX3100 serial port 2 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3 MAX3100 serial port 3 205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device) 0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU0 1 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU1 2 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU2 3 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU3 4 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB0 5 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA0 6 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA1 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2 8 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC0 9 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC1 10 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC2 11 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC3 12 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW0 13 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW1 14 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW2 15 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW3 16 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0 ... 31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM15 32 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0 ... 39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7 40 = /dev/cusg0 Callout device for ttySG0 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0 Callout device for ttySMX0 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1 Callout device for ttySMX1 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2 Callout device for ttySMX2 46 = /dev/cucpm0 Callout device for ttyCPM0 ... 49 = /dev/cucpm5 Callout device for ttyCPM5 50 = /dev/cuioc40 Callout device for ttyIOC40 ... 81 = /dev/cuioc431 Callout device for ttyIOC431 82 = /dev/cuvr0 Callout device for ttyVR0 83 = /dev/cuvr1 Callout device for ttyVR1 206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices 0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 1 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0 ... 32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 33 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1 ... 64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 65 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2 ... 96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 97 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3 ... 128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0 129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1 ... 160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l 161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l ... 192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m 193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m ... 224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a 225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a ... The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and driver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157 compliant and don't need osst. 207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate 0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface 1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM 2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table 3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log 4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery 5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory 6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture 7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT 8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling 9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface 208 char User space serial ports 0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port 1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port ... 209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices) 0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU0 1 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1 ... 210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card 0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 0 1 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 0 2 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 0 3 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 0 4 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 0 5 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 0 6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 0 7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 0 8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 0 9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 0 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 1 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 1 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 1 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 1 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 1 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 1 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 1 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 1 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 1 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1 ... Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart. 211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card 0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card 1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card ... 212 char LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem 0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0 first video decoder of first card 1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0 first audio decoder of first card 2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0 (obsolete/unused) 3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card 4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 first demux device of first card 5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 first digital video recoder device of first card 6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0 first common access port of first card 7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0 first network device of first card 8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0 first on-screen-display device of first card 9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1 second video decoder of first card ... 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0 first video decoder of second card ... 128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0 first video decoder of third card ... 196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0 first video decoder of fourth card 216 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices 0 = /dev/rfcomm0 First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device 1 = /dev/rfcomm1 Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device ... 217 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices) 0 = /dev/curf0 Callout device for rfcomm0 1 = /dev/curf1 Callout device for rfcomm1 ... 218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters 0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter 1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter ... 219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card 0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card 1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card ... 220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board 0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board 1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access" 2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board 3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access" ... 221 char VME bus 0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image 1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image 2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image 3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image 4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image 5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image 6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image 7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image 8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl Control It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the same interface. For interface documentation see http://www.vmelinux.org/. 224 char A2232 serial card 0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port 1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port ... 225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices) 0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY0 1 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1 ... 226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) 0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card 1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card ... 227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access 1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal 2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal ... 228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access 0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface 1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal 2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal ... 229 char IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console 0 = /dev/hvc0 First console port 1 = /dev/hvc1 Second console port ... 230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape 0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 0 1 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0 ... 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 1 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1 ... 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 2 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2 ... 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 3 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3 ... 128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind 129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind ... 160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind 161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind ... 192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind 193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind ... 224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind 225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind ... "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of the device used to access it. 231 char InfiniBand 0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0 1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1 ... 63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63 63rd InfiniBandMad device 64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0 First InfiniBand IsSM device 65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1 Second InfiniBand IsSM device ... 127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63 63rd InfiniBand IsSM device 128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0 First InfiniBand verbs device 129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1 Second InfiniBand verbs device ... 159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31 31st InfiniBand verbs device 232 char Biometric Devices 0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on first device 1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris first iris sensor on first device 2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina first retina sensor on first device 3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint first voiceprint sensor on first device 4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial first facial sensor on first device 5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand first hand sensor on first device ... 10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device ... 20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device ... 233 char PathScale InfiniPath interconnect 0 = /dev/ipath Primary device for programs (any unit) 1 = /dev/ipath0 Access specifically to unit 0 2 = /dev/ipath1 Access specifically to unit 1 ... 4 = /dev/ipath3 Access specifically to unit 3 129 = /dev/ipath_sma Device used by Subnet Management Agent 130 = /dev/ipath_diag Device used by diagnostics programs 234-254 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will take numbers starting from 254 and downward. 240-254 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not assigned official numbers, these ranges should be used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. 255 char RESERVED 255 block RESERVED This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a larger number space. No device nodes with this major should ever be created on the filesystem. (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it for now /Torben) ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!--- 256 char Equinox SST multi-port serial boards 0 = /dev/ttyEQ0 First serial port on first Equinox SST board 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127 Last serial port on first Equinox SST board 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128 First serial port on second Equinox SST board ... 1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027 Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board 256 block Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer 0 = /dev/rfda First RFD FTL layer 16 = /dev/rfdb Second RFD FTL layer ... 240 = /dev/rfdp 16th RFD FTL layer 257 char Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver 0 = /dev/ptlsec Crypto Services Driver 257 block SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem 0 = /dev/ssfdca First SSFDC layer 8 = /dev/ssfdcb Second SSFDC layer 16 = /dev/ssfdcc Third SSFDC layer 24 = /dev/ssfdcd 4th SSFDC layer 32 = /dev/ssfdce 5th SSFDC layer 40 = /dev/ssfdcf 6th SSFDC layer 48 = /dev/ssfdcg 7th SSFDC layer 56 = /dev/ssfdch 8th SSFDC layer 258 block ROM/Flash read-only translation layer 0 = /dev/blockrom0 First ROM card's translation layer interface 1 = /dev/blockrom1 Second ROM card's translation layer interface ... 259 block Block Extended Major Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device 259 char FPGA configuration interfaces 0 = /dev/icap0 First Xilinx internal configuration 1 = /dev/icap1 Second Xilinx internal configuration 260 char OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device 0 = /dev/osd0 First OSD Device 1 = /dev/osd1 Second OSD Device ... 255 = /dev/osd255 256th OSD Device 384-511 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will take numbers starting from 511 and downward, once the 234-254 range is full.
Additional/dev/ directory entries¶
This section details additional entries that should or may exist inthe /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the sameform (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links areclassified as “hard” or “symbolic” depending on the preferred type oflink; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
Compulsory links¶
These links should exist on all systems:
| /dev/fd | /proc/self/fd | symbolic | File descriptors |
| /dev/stdin | fd/0 | symbolic | stdin file descriptor |
| /dev/stdout | fd/1 | symbolic | stdout file descriptor |
| /dev/stderr | fd/2 | symbolic | stderr file descriptor |
| /dev/nfsd | socksys | symbolic | Required by iBCS-2 |
| /dev/X0R | null | symbolic | Required by iBCS-2 |
Note:/dev/X0R is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
Recommended links¶
It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
| /dev/core | /proc/kcore | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/ramdisk | ram0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/ftape | qft0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/bttv0 | video0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/radio | radio0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/i2o* | /dev/i2o/* | symbolic | Backward compatibility |
| /dev/scd? | sr? | hard | Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name |
Locally defined links¶
The following links may be established locally to conform to theconfiguration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existingpractice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if theyexist, they should have the following uses.
| /dev/mouse | mouse port | symbolic | Current mouse device |
| /dev/tape | tape device | symbolic | Current tape device |
| /dev/cdrom | CD-ROM device | symbolic | Current CD-ROM device |
| /dev/cdwriter | CD-writer | symbolic | Current CD-writer device |
| /dev/scanner | scanner | symbolic | Current scanner device |
| /dev/modem | modem port | symbolic | Current dialout device |
| /dev/root | root device | symbolic | Current root filesystem |
| /dev/swap | swap device | symbolic | Current swap device |
/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin aswell as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If itexists,/dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
For SCSI devices,/dev/tape and/dev/cdrom should point to thecooked devices (/dev/st* and/dev/sr*, respectively), whereas/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate genericSCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
/dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mousedevice, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g./dev/gpmdata).
Sockets and pipes¶
Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:
| /dev/printer | socket | lpd local socket |
| /dev/log | socket | syslog local socket |
| /dev/gpmdata | socket | gpm mouse multiplexer |
Mount points¶
The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystemsunder /dev. These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces thatcannot be provided with standard device nodes.
| /dev/pts | devpts | PTY slave filesystem |
| /dev/shm | tmpfs | POSIX shared memory maintenance access |
Terminal devices¶
Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. Aterminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminalfor a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, andpseudoterminals (PTYs).
All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as linedisciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as wellas SLIP and PPP modes.
All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains thenaming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the namingconventions include several historical warts; some of these areLinux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and somereflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimalnumber without leading zeroes.
Virtual consoles and the console device¶
Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system videomonitor. Virtual consoles are named/dev/tty#, with numberingstarting at/dev/tty1;/dev/tty0 is the current virtual console./dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system videocard on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices(/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use/dev/consolefor this purpose.
The console device,/dev/console, is the device to which systemmessages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted insingle-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71,/dev/console is managedby the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link toeither/dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as/dev/tty1, or toa serial port primary (tty*, notcu*) device, depending on theconfiguration of the system.
Serial ports¶
Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulatesone, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (suchas the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two devicenames, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For anyletter X, the names of the devices are/dev/ttyX# and/dev/cux#,respectively; for historical reasons,/dev/ttyS# and/dev/ttyC#correspond to/dev/cua# and/dev/cub#. In the future, it should beexpected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be uppercase for the “tty” device (e.g./dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the“cu” device (e.g./dev/cudp#).
The names/dev/ttyQ# and/dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhatdifferent defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is toallow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or brokensupport for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may beremoved from a future version of Linux.
Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files withthe names/var/lock/LCK..ttyX#. The contents of the lock file shouldbe the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modemwhich point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in thepresence of these links, it is recommended that software chasesymlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommendedthat a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternatedevice. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locksare acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
- The symbolic link name, if any (
/var/lock/LCK..modem)- The “tty” name (
/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)- The alternate device name (
/var/lock/LCK..cua2)
In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should beinstalled in the order the symlinks are resolved.
Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waitingfor another to be released. In addition, applications which attemptto create lock files for the corresponding alternate device namesshould take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serialport TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
Pseudoterminals (PTYs)¶
Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provideother capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP orPPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY hasa master side, named/dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs byallowing each master side to be opened only once.
Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave devicecan be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master andslave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalentof a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support forthe System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a commondevice,/dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automaticallygive you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory,/dev/pts,for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting thenamespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the devicenodes for the slaves on demand using the “devpts” filesystem.