Java(tm) Binary Kernel Support for Linux v1.03¶
Linux beats them ALL! While all other OS’s are TALKING about directsupport of Java Binaries in the OS, Linux is doing it!
You can execute Java applications and Java Applets just like anyother program after you have done the following:
You MUST FIRST install the Java Developers Kit for Linux.The Java on Linux HOWTO gives the details on getting andinstalling this. This HOWTO can be found at:
You should also set up a reasonable CLASSPATH environmentvariable to use Java applications that make use of anynonstandard classes (not included in the same directoryas the application itself).
You have to compile BINFMT_MISC either as a module or intothe kernel (
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) and set it up properly.If you choose to compile it as a module, you will haveto insert it manually with modprobe/insmod, as kmodcannot easily be supported with binfmt_misc.Read the file ‘binfmt_misc.txt’ in this directory to knowmore about the configuration process.Add the following configuration items to binfmt_misc(you should really have read
binfmt_misc.txtnow):support for Java applications:':Java:M::\xca\xfe\xba\xbe::/usr/local/bin/javawrapper:'
support for executable Jar files:
':ExecutableJAR:E::jar::/usr/local/bin/jarwrapper:'
support for Java Applets:
':Applet:E::html::/usr/bin/appletviewer:'
or the following, if you want to be more selective:
':Applet:M::<!--applet::/usr/bin/appletviewer:'
Of course you have to fix the path names. The path/file names given in thisdocument match the Debian 2.1 system. (i.e. jdk installed in
/usr,custom wrappers from this document in/usr/local)Note, that for the more selective applet support you have to modifyexisting html-files to contain
<!--applet-->in the first line(<has to be the first character!) to let this work!For the compiled Java programs you need a wrapper script like thefollowing (this is because Java is broken in case of the filenamehandling), again fix the path names, both in the script and in theabove given configuration string.
You, too, need the little program after the script. Compile like:
gcc -O2 -o javaclassname javaclassname.c
and stick it to
/usr/local/bin.Both the javawrapper shellscript and the javaclassname programwere supplied by Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>.
Javawrapper shell script:
#!/bin/bash# /usr/local/bin/javawrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/javaif[-z"$1"];thenexec1>&2echoUsage:$0class-fileexit1fiCLASS=$1FQCLASS=`/usr/local/bin/javaclassname$1`FQCLASSN=`echo$FQCLASS|sed-e's/^.*\.\([^.]*\)$/\1/'`FQCLASSP=`echo$FQCLASS|sed-e's-\.-/-g'-e's-^[^/]*$--'-e's-/[^/]*$--'`# for example:# CLASS=Test.class# FQCLASS=foo.bar.Test# FQCLASSN=Test# FQCLASSP=foo/barunsetCLASSBASEdeclare-iLINKLEVEL=0while:;doif["`basename$CLASS .class`"=="$FQCLASSN"];then# See if this directory works straight offcd-L`dirname$CLASS`CLASSDIR=$PWDcd$OLDPWDifecho$CLASSDIR|grep-q"$FQCLASSP$";thenCLASSBASE=`echo$CLASSDIR|sed-e"s.$FQCLASSP$.."`break;fi# Try dereferencing the directory namecd-P`dirname$CLASS`CLASSDIR=$PWDcd$OLDPWDifecho$CLASSDIR|grep-q"$FQCLASSP$";thenCLASSBASE=`echo$CLASSDIR|sed-e"s.$FQCLASSP$.."`break;fi# If no other possible filename existsif[!-L$CLASS];thenexec1>&2echo$0:echo"$CLASS should be in a"\"directory tree called$FQCLASSP"exit1fifiif[!-L$CLASS];thenbreak;fi# Go down one more level of symbolic linksletLINKLEVEL+=1if[$LINKLEVEL-gt5];thenexec1>&2echo$0:echo" Too many symbolic links encountered"exit1fiCLASS=`ls--color=no-l$CLASS|sed-e's/^.* \([^ ]*\)$/\1/'`doneif[-z"$CLASSBASE"];thenif[-z"$FQCLASSP"];thenGOODNAME=$FQCLASSN.classelseGOODNAME=$FQCLASSP/$FQCLASSN.classfiexec1>&2echo$0:echo"$FQCLASS should be in a file called$GOODNAME"exit1fiif!echo$CLASSPATH|grep-q"^\(.*:\)*$CLASSBASE\(:.*\)*";then# class is not in CLASSPATH, so prepend dir of class to CLASSPATHif[-z"${CLASSPATH}"];thenexportCLASSPATH=$CLASSBASEelseexportCLASSPATH=$CLASSBASE:$CLASSPATHfifishift/usr/bin/java$FQCLASS"$@"
javaclassname.c:
/* javaclassname.c * * Extracts the class name from a Java class file; intended for use in a Java * wrapper of the type supported by the binfmt_misc option in the Linux kernel. * * Copyright (C) 1999 Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<stdarg.h>#include<sys/types.h>/* From Sun's Java VM Specification, as tag entries in the constant pool. */#define CP_UTF8 1#define CP_INTEGER 3#define CP_FLOAT 4#define CP_LONG 5#define CP_DOUBLE 6#define CP_CLASS 7#define CP_STRING 8#define CP_FIELDREF 9#define CP_METHODREF 10#define CP_INTERFACEMETHODREF 11#define CP_NAMEANDTYPE 12#define CP_METHODHANDLE 15#define CP_METHODTYPE 16#define CP_INVOKEDYNAMIC 18/* Define some commonly used error messages */#define seek_error() error("%s: Cannot seek\n", program)#define corrupt_error() error("%s: Class file corrupt\n", program)#define eof_error() error("%s: Unexpected end of file\n", program)#define utf8_error() error("%s: Only ASCII 1-255 supported\n", program);char*program;long*pool;u_int8_tread_8(FILE*classfile);u_int16_tread_16(FILE*classfile);voidskip_constant(FILE*classfile,u_int16_t*cur);voiderror(constchar*format,...);intmain(intargc,char**argv);/* Reads in an unsigned 8-bit integer. */u_int8_tread_8(FILE*classfile){intb=fgetc(classfile);if(b==EOF)eof_error();return(u_int8_t)b;}/* Reads in an unsigned 16-bit integer. */u_int16_tread_16(FILE*classfile){intb1,b2;b1=fgetc(classfile);if(b1==EOF)eof_error();b2=fgetc(classfile);if(b2==EOF)eof_error();return(u_int16_t)((b1<<8)|b2);}/* Reads in a value from the constant pool. */voidskip_constant(FILE*classfile,u_int16_t*cur){u_int16_tlen;intseekerr=1;pool[*cur]=ftell(classfile);switch(read_8(classfile)){caseCP_UTF8:len=read_16(classfile);seekerr=fseek(classfile,len,SEEK_CUR);break;caseCP_CLASS:caseCP_STRING:caseCP_METHODTYPE:seekerr=fseek(classfile,2,SEEK_CUR);break;caseCP_METHODHANDLE:seekerr=fseek(classfile,3,SEEK_CUR);break;caseCP_INTEGER:caseCP_FLOAT:caseCP_FIELDREF:caseCP_METHODREF:caseCP_INTERFACEMETHODREF:caseCP_NAMEANDTYPE:caseCP_INVOKEDYNAMIC:seekerr=fseek(classfile,4,SEEK_CUR);break;caseCP_LONG:caseCP_DOUBLE:seekerr=fseek(classfile,8,SEEK_CUR);++(*cur);break;default:corrupt_error();}if(seekerr)seek_error();}voiderror(constchar*format,...){va_listap;va_start(ap,format);vfprintf(stderr,format,ap);va_end(ap);exit(1);}intmain(intargc,char**argv){FILE*classfile;u_int16_tcp_count,i,this_class,classinfo_ptr;u_int8_tlength;program=argv[0];if(!argv[1])error("%s: Missing input file\n",program);classfile=fopen(argv[1],"rb");if(!classfile)error("%s: Error opening %s\n",program,argv[1]);if(fseek(classfile,8,SEEK_SET))/* skip magic and version numbers */seek_error();cp_count=read_16(classfile);pool=calloc(cp_count,sizeof(long));if(!pool)error("%s: Out of memory for constant pool\n",program);for(i=1;i<cp_count;++i)skip_constant(classfile,&i);if(fseek(classfile,2,SEEK_CUR))/* skip access flags */seek_error();this_class=read_16(classfile);if(this_class<1||this_class>=cp_count)corrupt_error();if(!pool[this_class]||pool[this_class]==-1)corrupt_error();if(fseek(classfile,pool[this_class]+1,SEEK_SET))seek_error();classinfo_ptr=read_16(classfile);if(classinfo_ptr<1||classinfo_ptr>=cp_count)corrupt_error();if(!pool[classinfo_ptr]||pool[classinfo_ptr]==-1)corrupt_error();if(fseek(classfile,pool[classinfo_ptr]+1,SEEK_SET))seek_error();length=read_16(classfile);for(i=0;i<length;++i){u_int8_tx=read_8(classfile);if((x&0x80)||!x){if((x&0xE0)==0xC0){u_int8_ty=read_8(classfile);if((y&0xC0)==0x80){intc=((x&0x1f)<<6)+(y&0x3f);if(c)putchar(c);elseutf8_error();}elseutf8_error();}elseutf8_error();}elseif(x=='/')putchar('.');elseputchar(x);}putchar('\n');free(pool);fclose(classfile);return0;}
jarwrapper:
#!/bin/bash# /usr/local/java/bin/jarwrapper - the wrapper for binfmt_misc/jarjava -jar $1
Now simplychmod+x the.class,.jar and/or.html files youwant to execute.
To add a Java program to your path best put a symbolic link to the main.class file into /usr/bin (or another place you like) omitting the .classextension. The directory containing the original .class file will beadded to your CLASSPATH during execution.
To test your new setup, enter in the following simple Java app, and nameit “HelloWorld.java”:
classHelloWorld{publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){System.out.println("Hello World!");}}
Now compile the application with:
javac HelloWorld.java
Set the executable permissions of the binary file, with:
chmod 755 HelloWorld.class
And then execute it:
./HelloWorld.class
To execute Java Jar files, simple chmod the*.jar files to includethe execution bit, then just do:
./Application.jar
To execute Java Applets, simple chmod the*.html files to includethe execution bit, then just do:
./Applet.html
originally by Brian A. Lantz,brian@lantz.comheavily edited for binfmt_misc by Richard Günthernew scripts by Colin J. Watson <cjw44@cam.ac.uk>added executable Jar file support by Kurt Huwig <kurt@iku-netz.de>