TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE.

Jan. 28, 1988 .
All Votes Democrats Republicans
Yea 84%
 
 
75
48
 
27
 
Nay 16%
 
 
14
0
 
14
 
Not Voting
 
 
11
6
 
5
 

unknown. unknown Required.

Data from the official record atVoteView.com.

The Yea votes represented 85% of the country’s population by apportioning each state’s population to its voting senators.

Ideology Vote Chart
Diagram in the style of the seats on the floor of the House or Senate showing how legislators voted.
Key:
Democrat - Yea Republican - Yea Republican - Nay

Seat position based on ourideology score.

What you can do

Notes:Accuracy of Historical Records

Our database of roll call votes from 1789-1989 (1990 for House votes) comes from an academic data source,VoteView.com, that has digitized paper records going back more than 200 years. Because of the difficulty of this task, the accuracy of these vote records is reduced.

From October 2014 through July 2015, we displayed incorrect vote totals in some cases. Although the total correctly reflected the announced positions of Members of Congress, the totals incorrectly included “paired” votes, which is when two Members of Congress, one planning to vote in favor and the other against, plan ahead of time to both abstain.

In addition, these records do not always distinguish between Members of Congress not voting (abstaining) from Members of Congress who were not eligible to vote because they had not yet taken office, or for other reasons. As a result, you may see extra not-voting entries and in these cases Senate votes may show more than 100 senators listed!

“Aye” or “Yea”?

“Aye” and “Yea” mean the same thing, and so do “No” and “Nay”. Congress uses different words in different sorts of votes.

The U.S. Constitution says that bills should be decided on by the “yeas and nays” (Article I, Section 7). Congress takes this literally and uses “yea” and “nay” when voting on the final passage of bills.

All Senate votes use these words. But the House of Representatives uses “Aye” and “No” in other sorts of votes.

Download asCSV
VoteStatePartyLegislatorScore
Yea WA   D  Adams, Brock 0.0989395322047
Yea MT   D  Baucus, Max 0.380813242463
Yea TX   D  Bentsen, Lloyd 0.467932042095
Yea NM   D  Bingaman, Jeff 0.269925670693
Yea OK   D  Boren, David 0.675590879326
Yea NJ   D  Bradley, Bill 0.235544918993
Yea LA   D  Breaux, John 0.421109931297
Yea AR   D  Bumpers, Dale 0.368280672615
Yea ND   D  Burdick, Quentin 0.270030216717
Yea WV   D  Byrd, Robert 0.405201623605
Yea ND   D  Conrad, Kent 0.285116107587
Yea CA   D  Cranston, Alan 0.154223225093
Yea SD   D  Daschle, Tom 0.235667969778
Yea AZ   D  DeConcini, Dennis 0.471260049559
Yea IL   D  Dixon, Alan 0.388148639563
Yea CT   D  Dodd, Christopher 0.120266743438
Yea NE   D  Exon, James 0.516907725209
Yea GA   D  Fowler, Wyche 0.261919459774
Yea OH   D  Glenn, John 0.310552521407
Yea FL   D  Graham, Bob 0.235023415047
Yea IA   D  Harkin, Tom 0.166646433823
Yea AL   D  Heflin, Howell 0.625519752328
Yea SC   D  Hollings, Fritz 0.465716945153
Yea LA   D  Johnston, John Bennett 0.459094035857
Yea MA   D  Kennedy, Ted 0.114416452353
Yea MA   D  Kerry, John 0.0
Yea NJ   D  Lautenberg, Frank 0.163486431914
Yea VT   D  Leahy, Patrick 0.200004995959
Yea MI   D  Levin, Carl 0.239276207695
Yea HI   D  Matsunaga, Spark 0.185594458965
Yea MT   D  Melcher, John 0.383310964097
Yea OH   D  Metzenbaum, Howard 0.128722210421
Yea MD   D  Mikulski, Barbara 0.0806625983621
Yea ME   D  Mitchell, George 0.224683023565
Yea NY   D  Moynihan, Daniel 0.139051758893
Yea GA   D  Nunn, Samuel 0.574306666235
Yea RI   D  Pell, Claiborne 0.118076285366
Yea WI   D  Proxmire, William 0.340618202233
Yea AR   D  Pryor, David 0.47288913743
Yea NV   D  Reid, Harry 0.306229659904
Yea MI   D  Riegle, Donald 0.159039247479
Yea WV   D  Rockefeller, Jay 0.147365551354
Yea NC   D  Sanford, James 0.253913248855
Yea MD   D  Sarbanes, Paul 0.0822671441907
Yea TN   D  Sasser, James 0.311239430506
Yea AL   D  Shelby, Richard 0.423496540254
Yea MS   D  Stennis, John 0.47660083097
Yea CO   D  Wirth, Timothy 0.193766106561
Yea MO   R  Bond, Kit 0.544656156461
Yea MN   R  Boschwitz, Rudy 0.612972037681
Yea RI   R  Chafee, John 0.327828305827
Yea MS   R  Cochran, Thad 0.70187163593
Yea ME   R  Cohen, William Sebastian 0.488488691525
Yea MO   R  Danforth, John 0.578149394049
Yea NM   R  Domenici, Pete 0.696915815188
Yea MN   R  Durenberger, David 0.443223231491
Yea NY   R  D’Amato, Alfonse 0.437559507436
Yea WA   R  Evans, Daniel 0.458040013614
Yea IA   R  Grassley, Chuck 0.723952580937
Yea OR   R  Hatfield, Mark 0.354121399632
Yea PA   R  Heinz, Henry 0.332704858316
Yea KS   R  Kassebaum, Nancy 0.578318812474
Yea WI   R  Kasten, Robert 0.678167255821
Yea AZ   R  McCain, John 0.536489754124
Yea OR   R  Packwood, Robert 0.433094545786
Yea SD   R  Pressler, Larry 0.595527739664
Yea DE   R  Roth, William 0.530504626202
Yea WY   R  Simpson, Alan 0.672713248976
Yea PA   R  Specter, Arlen 0.404549058896
Yea VT   R  Stafford, Robert 0.26120393841
Yea AK   R  Stevens, Ted 0.685502149251
Yea VA   R  Trible, Paul 0.698407388942
Yea VA   R  Warner, John 0.675845617967
Yea CT   R  Weicker, Lowell 0.157902713901
Yea CA   R  Wilson, Pete 0.592866971935
Nay CO   R  Armstrong, William Lester 0.779387924206
Nay UT   R  Garn, Jake 0.767587251113
Nay TX   R  Gramm, Phil 0.776750372181
Nay UT   R  Hatch, Orrin 0.777610070406
Nay NV   R  Hecht, Jacob 0.826099484047
Nay NC   R  Helms, Jesse 0.956437971713
Nay NH   R  Humphrey, Gordon 0.690500194877
Nay NE   R  Karnes, David 0.602511272573
Nay IN   R  Lugar, Richard 0.625127962905
Nay KY   R  McConnell, Mitch 0.628007275939
Nay OK   R  Nickles, Don 0.888247983879
Nay IN   R  Quayle, Dan 0.679388995493
Nay ID   R  Symms, Steven 1.0
Nay SC   R  Thurmond, Strom 0.714577610551
No Vote DE   D  Biden, Joseph 0.238553640526
No Vote FL   D  Chiles, Lawton 0.423809699939
No Vote KY   D  Ford, Wendell 0.423724575288
No Vote TN   D  Gore, Albert 0.178349625602
No Vote HI   D  Inouye, Daniel 0.136424685513
No Vote IL   D  Simon, Paul 0.13904079908
No Vote KS   R  Dole, Robert 0.559784441805
No Vote ID   R  McClure, James 0.855834882466
No Vote AK   R  Murkowski, Frank 0.640719122371
No Vote NH   R  Rudman, Warren 0.586408309823
No Vote WY   R  Wallop, Malcolm 0.894578658176

Statistically Notable Votes

Statistically notable votes are the votes that are most surprising, or least predictable, given how other members of each voter’s party voted and other factors.

All Votes

Study Guide

What was the procedure for this vote?

  1. What was this vote on?

    2. Not all votes are meant to pass legislation. In the Senate some votes are not about legislation at all, since the Senate must vote to confirm presidential nominations to certain federal positions.

    You can learn more about the various motions used in Congress atEveryCRSReport.com. If you aren’t sure what the Senate was voting on, try seeing if it’s onthis list.

What is your analysis of this vote?

  1. What trends do you see in this vote?

    2. Members of Congress side together for many reasons beside being in the same political party, especially so for less prominent legislation or legislation specific to a certain region. What might have determined how the roll call came out in this case? Does it look like Members of Congress voted based on party, geography, or some other reason?

  2. How did your senators vote?

    3. There are two votes here that should be more important to you than all the others. These are the votes cast by your senators, which are meant to represent you and your community. Do you agree with how your senators voted? Why do you think they voted the way they did?

    If you don’t already know who your Members of Congress are you can find them byentering your address here.

  3. How much of the United States population is represented by the yeas?

    4. GovTrack displays the percentage of the United States population represented by the yeas on some Senate votes just under the vote totals. We do this to highlight how the people of the United States are represented in the Senate. Since each state has two senators, but state populations vary significantly, the individuals living in each state have different Senate representation. For example, California’s population of near 40 million is given the same number of senators as Wyoming’s population of about 600,000.

    Do the senators who voted yea represent a majority of the people of the United States? Does it matter?