JSON is a lightweight data format for data interchange that can be easily read and written by humans, and easily parsed and generated by machines. It is a complete language-independent text format. To work with JSON data, Python has a built-in package called JSON.

Example of JSON String

s = '{"id":01, "name": "Emily", "language": ["C++", "Python"]}'

The syntax of JSON is considered a subset of the syntax ofJavaScript including the following:

• Name/Value pairs:Represents Data, the name is followed by a colon(:), and the Name/Value pairs are separated by a comma(,).
• Curly braces: Holds objects.
• Square brackets: Hold arrays with values separated by a comma (,).

Keys/Name must be strings with double quotes and values must be data types amongst the following: 

• String
• Number
• Object (JSON object)
• array
• Boolean
• Null

Example of JSON file:

 {
   "employee": [
      {
         "id": "01",
         "name": "Amit",
         "department": "Sales"
      },
      {
         "id": "04",
         "name": "sunil",
         "department": "HR"
      }
   ]
}

Python Parse JSON String

In the below code, we are going to convert JSON to a Python object. To parse JSON string Python firstly we import the JSON module. We have a JSON string stored in a variable 'employee' and we convert this JSON string to a Python object usingjson.loads()method of JSON module in Python. After that, we print the name of an employee using the key 'name'.

# Python program to convert JSON to Pythonimportjson# JSON stringemployee='{"id":"09", "name": "Nitin", "department":"Finance"}'# Convert string to Python dictemployee_dict=json.loads(employee)print(employee_dict)print(employee_dict['name'])

{'id': '09', 'name': 'Nitin', 'department': 'Finance'}Nitin

Python read JSON file

Let's suppose we have a JSON file that looks like this.

Here, we have used the open() function to read the JSON file. Then, the file is parsed using json.load() method which gives us a dictionary named data.

importjson# Opening JSON filef=open('data.json',)# returns JSON object as# a dictionarydata=json.load(f)# Iterating through the json# listforiindata['emp_details']:print(i)# Closing filef.close()

Output:

Convert Python Dict to JSON

In the below code, we are converting a Python dictionaryto a JSON object using json.dumps() method of JSON module in Python. We first import the JSON module and then make a small dictionary with some key-value pairs and then passed it into json.dumps() method with 'indent=4' to convert this Python dictionary into a JSON object. As we have given the value of indent to 4 there are four whitespaces before each data as seen in the output.

# Python program to convert# Python to JSONimportjson# Data to be writtendictionary={"id":"04","name":"sunil","department":"HR"}# Serializing jsonjson_object=json.dumps(dictionary,indent=4)print(json_object)

{    "id": "04",    "name": "sunil",    "department": "HR"}

The following types of Python objects can be converted into JSON strings: 

• dict
• list
• tuple
• string
• int
• float
• True
• False
• None

Python objects and their equivalent conversion to JSON:

Writing JSON to a file in Python

We can write JSON to file using json.dump() function of JSON module and file handling in Python. In the below program, we have opened a file named sample.json in writing mode using'w'. The file will be created if it does not exist. Json.dump() will transform the Python dictionary to a JSON string and it will be saved in the file sample.json.

# Python program to write JSON# to a fileimportjson# Data to be writtendictionary={"name":"sathiyajith","rollno":56,"cgpa":8.6,"phonenumber":"9976770500"}withopen("sample.json","w")asoutfile:json.dump(dictionary,outfile)

Output:

Python Pretty Print JSON

When we convert a string to JSON the data is in a less readable format. To make it more readable we can use pretty printing by passing additional arguments in json.dumps() function such asindent and sort_keys as used in the below code.

# Python program to convert JSON to Pythonimportjson# JSON stringemployee='{"id":"09", "name": "Nitin", "department":"Finance"}'# Convert string to Python dictemployee_dict=json.loads(employee)# Pretty Printing JSON string backprint(json.dumps(employee_dict,indent=4,sort_keys=True))

{    "department": "Finance",    "id": "09",    "name": "Nitin"}

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