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s="GfG"print(s[1])# access 2nd chars1=s+s[0]# updateprint(s1)# print

Output

fGfGG

In this example,s holds the value "GfG" and is defined as a string.

Creating a String

Strings can be created using eithersingle (')or double (")quotes.

s1='GfG's2="GfG"print(s1)print(s2)

Output

GfGGfG

Multi-line Strings

If we need a string to span multiple lines then we can usetriple quotes (''' or """).

s="""I am LearningPython String on GeeksforGeeks"""print(s)s='''I'm aGeek'''print(s)

Output

I am LearningPython String on GeeksforGeeksI'm a Geek

Accessing characters in Python String

Strings in Python are sequences of characters, so we can access individual characters usingindexing. Strings are indexed starting from0and-1 from end. This allows us to retrieve specific characters from the string.

s="GeeksforGeeks"# Accesses first character: 'G'print(s[0])# Accesses 5th character: 's'print(s[4])

Output

Gs

Note:Accessing an index out of range will cause anIndexError. Only integers are allowed as indices and using a float or other types will result in aTypeError.

Access string with Negative Indexing

Python allows negative address references to access characters from back of the String, e.g. -1 refers to the last character, -2 refers to the second last character, and so on.

Python

s="GeeksforGeeks"# Accesses 3rd character: 'k'print(s[-10])# Accesses 5th character from end: 'G'print(s[-5])

Output

kG

String Slicing

Slicingis a way to extract portion of a string by specifying thestartandendindexes. The syntax for slicing isstring[start:end], wherestartstarting index andendis stopping index (excluded).

Python

s="GeeksforGeeks"# Retrieves characters from index 1 to 3: 'eek'print(s[1:4])# Retrieves characters from beginning to index 2: 'Gee'print(s[:3])# Retrieves characters from index 3 to the end: 'ksforGeeks'print(s[3:])# Reverse a stringprint(s[::-1])

Output

eekGeeksforGeeksskeeGrofskeeG

String Immutability

Strings in Python are immutable. This means that they cannot be changed after they are created. If we need to manipulate strings then we can use methods likeconcatenation, slicing,orformatting to create new strings based on the original.

Python

s="geeksforGeeks"# Trying to change the first character raises an error# s[0] = 'I'  # Uncommenting this line will cause a TypeError# Instead, create a new strings="G"+s[1:]print(s)

Output

GeeksforGeeks

Deleting a String

In Python, it is not possible to delete individual characters from a string since strings are immutable. However, we can delete an entire string variable using thedelkeyword.

Python

s="GfG"# Deletes entire stringdels

Note:After deleting the string usingdeland if we try to accesss then it will result in aNameError because the variable no longer exists.

Updating a String

To update a part of a string we need to create a new string since strings are immutable.

Python

s="hello geeks"# Updating by creating a new strings1="H"+s[1:]# replacnig "geeks" with "GeeksforGeeks"s2=s.replace("geeks","GeeksforGeeks")print(s1)print(s2)

Output

Hello geekshello GeeksforGeeks

Explanation:

For s1,The original strings is sliced from index 1 to end of string and then concatenate "H" to create a new strings1.
For s2, we can created a new string s2 and usedreplace() method to replace 'geeks' with 'GeeksforGeeks'.

Common String Methods

Python provides a various built-in methods to manipulate strings. Below are some of the most useful methods.

len(): Thelen() function returns the total number of characters in a string.

Python

s="GeeksforGeeks"print(len(s))# output: 13

Output

upper() and lower():upper() method converts all characters to uppercase.lower()method converts all characters to lowercase.

Python

s="Hello World"print(s.upper())# output: HELLO WORLDprint(s.lower())# output: hello world

Output

HELLO WORLDhello world

strip() and replace():strip() removes leading and trailing whitespace from the string andreplace(old, new)replaces all occurrences of a specified substring with another.

Python

s="   Gfg   "# Removes spaces from both endsprint(s.strip())s="Python is fun"# Replaces 'fun' with 'awesome'print(s.replace("fun","awesome"))

Output

GfgPython is awesome

To learn more about string methods, please refer toPython String Methods.

Concatenating and Repeating Strings

We can concatenate strings using+ operatorand repeat them using* operator.

Strings can be combined by using+ operator.

Python

s1="Hello"s2="World"s3=s1+" "+s2print(s3)

Output

Hello World

We can repeat a string multiple times using* operator.

Python

s="Hello "print(s*3)

Output

Hello Hello Hello

Formatting Strings

Python provides several ways to include variables inside strings.

Using f-strings

The simplest and most preferred way to format strings is by usingf-strings.

Python

name="Alice"age=22print(f"Name:{name}, Age:{age}")

Output

Name: Alice, Age: 22

Using format()

Another way to format strings is by usingformat()method.

Python

s="My name is{} and I am{} years old.".format("Alice",22)print(s)

Output

My name is Alice and I am 22 years old.

Usingin for String Membership Testing

Theinkeywordchecks if a particular substring is present in a string.

Python

s="GeeksforGeeks"print("Geeks"ins)print("GfG"ins)

Output

TrueFalse

Quiz:

Python String Quiz

Python String

String Operations in Python [Part -1]

String Operations in Python [Part -2]

Why are Python Strings Immutable?

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