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Let's see how to create a simple notepad in Python using Tkinter. This notepad GUI will consist of various menu like file and edit, using which all functionalities like saving the file, opening a file, editing, cut and paste can be done.

Now for creating this notepad, Python 3 and Tkinter should already be installed in your system. You can download suitablepython package as per system requirement. After you have successfully installed python you need to install Tkinter (a Python's GUI package).

Use this command to install Tkinter : 

pip install python-tk

Importing Tkinter :

Python
importtkinterimportosfromtkinterimport*# To get the space above for messagefromtkinter.messageboximport*# To get the dialog box to open when requiredfromtkinter.filedialogimport*

Note :messagebox is used to write the message in the white box called notepad andfiledialog is used for the dialog box to appear when you are opening file from anywhere in your system or saving your file in a particular position or place. 
  
Adding Menu :

Python
# Add controls(widget)self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky=N+E+S+W)# To open new fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",command=self.__newFile)# To open a already existing fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",command=self.__openFile)# To save current fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",command=self.__saveFile)# To create a line in the dialogself.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()# To terminateself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",command=self.__quitApplication)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",menu=self.__thisFileMenu)# To give a feature of cutself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",command=self.__cut)# To give a feature of copyself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",command=self.__copy)# To give a feature of pasteself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",command=self.__paste)# To give a feature of editingself.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",menu=self.__thisEditMenu)# To create a feature of description of the notepadself.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",command=self.__showAbout)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)# Scrollbar will adjust automatically# according to the contentself.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)

With this code we will add the menu in the windows of our notepad and will add the things like copy, paste, save etc, to it. 
  
Adding The Functionality :

Python
def__quitApplication(self):self.__root.destroy()# exit()def__showAbout(self):showinfo("Notepad","Mrinal Verma")def__openFile(self):self.__file=askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),("Text Documents","*.txt")])ifself.__file=="":# no file to openself.__file=Noneelse:# try to open the file# set the window titleself.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file)+" - Notepad")self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)file=open(self.__file,"r")self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())file.close()def__newFile(self):self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")self.__file=Noneself.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)def__saveFile(self):ifself.__file==None:#save as new fileself.__file=asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),("Text Documents","*.txt")])ifself.__file=="":self.__file=Noneelse:# try to save the filefile=open(self.__file,"w")file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))file.close()# change the window titleself.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file)+" - Notepad")else:file=open(self.__file,"w")file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))file.close()def__cut(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")def__copy(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")def__paste(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

In this we have added all the functionality that is required in the notepad, you can add other functionality too in this like the font size, font color, bold, underlined, etc. 

Main Code After Merging All :

Python
importtkinterimportosfromtkinterimport*fromtkinter.messageboximport*fromtkinter.filedialogimport*classNotepad:__root=Tk()# default window width and height__thisWidth=300__thisHeight=300__thisTextArea=Text(__root)__thisMenuBar=Menu(__root)__thisFileMenu=Menu(__thisMenuBar,tearoff=0)__thisEditMenu=Menu(__thisMenuBar,tearoff=0)__thisHelpMenu=Menu(__thisMenuBar,tearoff=0)# To add scrollbar__thisScrollBar=Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)__file=Nonedef__init__(self,**kwargs):# Set icontry:self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")except:pass# Set window size (the default is 300x300)try:self.__thisWidth=kwargs['width']exceptKeyError:passtry:self.__thisHeight=kwargs['height']exceptKeyError:pass# Set the window textself.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")# Center the windowscreenWidth=self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()screenHeight=self.__root.winfo_screenheight()# For left-alignleft=(screenWidth/2)-(self.__thisWidth/2)# For right-aligntop=(screenHeight/2)-(self.__thisHeight/2)# For top and bottomself.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(self.__thisWidth,self.__thisHeight,left,top))# To make the textarea auto resizableself.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0,weight=1)self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)# Add controls (widget)self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky=N+E+S+W)# To open new fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",command=self.__newFile)# To open a already existing fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",command=self.__openFile)# To save current fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",command=self.__saveFile)# To create a line in the dialogself.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",command=self.__quitApplication)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",menu=self.__thisFileMenu)# To give a feature of cutself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",command=self.__cut)# to give a feature of copyself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",command=self.__copy)# To give a feature of pasteself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",command=self.__paste)# To give a feature of editingself.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",menu=self.__thisEditMenu)# To create a feature of description of the notepadself.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",command=self.__showAbout)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)# Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the contentself.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)def__quitApplication(self):self.__root.destroy()# exit()def__showAbout(self):showinfo("Notepad","Mrinal Verma")def__openFile(self):self.__file=askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),("Text Documents","*.txt")])ifself.__file=="":# no file to openself.__file=Noneelse:# Try to open the file# set the window titleself.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file)+" - Notepad")self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)file=open(self.__file,"r")self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())file.close()def__newFile(self):self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")self.__file=Noneself.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)def__saveFile(self):ifself.__file==None:# Save as new fileself.__file=asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',defaultextension=".txt",filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),("Text Documents","*.txt")])ifself.__file=="":self.__file=Noneelse:# Try to save the filefile=open(self.__file,"w")file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))file.close()# Change the window titleself.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file)+" - Notepad")else:file=open(self.__file,"w")file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))file.close()def__cut(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")def__copy(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")def__paste(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")defrun(self):# Run main applicationself.__root.mainloop()# Run main applicationnotepad=Notepad(width=600,height=400)notepad.run()

To run this code, save it by the extension.py and then open cmd(command prompt) and move to the location of the file saved and then write the following 

python "filename".py

and press enter and it will run. Or can be run directly by simply double clicking your.py extension file.
 


 


How to Create Notepad using Python
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