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Get all the information of a Collection's indexes using PyMongo

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How to create index for MongoDB Collection using Python?

Last Updated :04 Jul, 2025

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Creating indexes inMongoDB improves query performance, especially on large datasets. PyMongo, the official MongoDB driver for Python, provides thecreate_index() method to define indexes on specific fields. By default, MongoDB indexes the _idfield, but adding custom indexes is important for optimizing complex queries.

Syntax

collection.create_index([(field, direction)], **options)

Parameters:

[(field, direction)]:A list of tuples where each tuple contains the field name and the direction (1 for ascending, -1 for descending).
**options: (Optional) Additional options such as unique=True makes the index unique and name="custom_index_name" gives a name to the index.

Returns: This method returns the name of the created index as a string.

Examples

Example 1: Create a single field index

frompymongoimportMongoClientc=MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")db=c["mydb"]col=db["students"]col.drop()col.insert_many([{"name":"Ava","age":22},{"name":"Liam","age":24},{"name":"Emma","age":20}])idx_name=col.create_index([("name",1)])print(idx_name)

Output

name_1

Explanation: create_index([("name", 1)])creates an ascending index on the name field to speed up queries and sorting and returns "name_1", the default name based on the field and sort order.

Example 2: Create a compound index (multiple fields)

frompymongoimportMongoClientc=MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")db=c["mydb"]col=db["students"]col.drop()col.insert_many([{"name":"Ava","city":"New York"},{"name":"Liam","city":"Chicago"},{"name":"Emma","city":"Boston"}])idx_name=col.create_index([("name",1),("city",-1)])print(idx_name)

Output

name_1_city_-1

Explanation:This creates a compound index on name (ascending) and city (descending). It helps optimize queries that filter or sort on both fields and returns the default index name "name_1_city_-1".

Example 3: Create a unique index

frompymongoimportMongoClientc=MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")db=c["mydb"]col=db["students"]col.drop()col.insert_many([{"email":"ava@example.com"},{"email":"liam@example.com"},{"email":"emma@example.com"}])idx_name=col.create_index([("email",1)],unique=True)print(idx_name)

Output

email_1

Explanation:Creates an ascending unique index on the email field to prevent duplicates. Inserting a duplicate triggers a DuplicateKeyError.

Related article
index_information() in PyMongo
How to Drop Indexes in MongoDB Using Python
How to Create TTL (Time-To-Live) Indexes in MongoDB

Get all the information of a Collection's indexes using PyMongo

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