An article describing basic Input and output techniques that we use while coding in python.

Input Techniques

1.Taking input using input() function -> this function by default takes string as input. 

Example:

#For stringstr=input()# For integersn=int(input())# For floating or decimal numbersn=float(input())

2. Taking Multiple Inputs:Multiple inputs in Python can be taken with the help of themap() andsplit() methods. The split() method splits the space-separated inputs and returns an iterable whereas when this function is used with the map() function it can convert the inputs to float and int accordingly.

Example:

# For Stringsx,y=input().split()# For integers and floating point# numbersm,n=map(int,input().split())m,n=map(float,input().split())

3. Taking input as a list or tuple:For this, the split() and map() functions can be used. As these functions return an iterable we can convert the given iterable to the list, tuple, or set accordingly.

Example:

# For Input - 4 5 6 1 56 21# (Space separated inputs)n=list(map(int,input().split()))print(n)

Output:

[4, 5, 6, 1, 56, 21]

4. Taking Fixed and variable numbers of input: 

# Input: geeksforgeeks 2 0 2 0str,*lst=input().split()lst=list(map(int,lst))print(str,lst)

Output:

geeksforgeeks [2, 0, 2, 0]

Output Techniques

1. Output on a different line:print() method is used in python for printing to the console.

Example:

lst=['geeks','for','geeks']foriinlst:print(i)

Output:

geeksforgeeks

2. Output on the same line:end parameter in Python can be used to print on the same line.

Example 1:

lst=['geeks','for','geeks']foriinlst:print(i,end='')

Output:

geeksforgeeks

Example 2:Printing with space.

lst=['geeks','for','geeks']foriinlst:print(i,end=' ')

Output:

geeks for geeks

3. Output Formatting:If you want to format your output then you can do it with {} and format() function. {} is a placeholder for a variable that is provided in the format() like we have %d in C programming.

Example:

print('I love{}'.format('geeksforgeeks.'))print("I love{0}{1}".format('Python','programming.')

Output:

I love geeksforgeeks.I love Python programming.

Note: For Formatting the integers or floating numbers the original method can be used in the {}. like '{%5.2f}' or with the numbers, we can write it as '{0:5.2f}'. We can also use the string module '%' operator to format our output.

4. Output using f strings: 

val="Hello"print(f"{val} World!!!")

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