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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Anguillarostrata (Lesueur,1817)

American eel
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Classification / NamesCommon names |Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus,species) |ITIS |CoL |WoRMS |Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) >Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) >Anguillidae (Freshwater eels)
Etymology:Anguilla:Latin, anguilla, .-ae = eel (Ref.45335); rostrata:From the wordsAnguilla-Latin for eel androstrata, meaning long nose (Ref.10294).
More on author:Lesueur.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution rangeEcology

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; catadromous (Ref.26938); depth range 0 - 464 m (Ref.57178). Subtropical; 4°C - 25°C (Ref.12468); 66°N - 5°N, 98°W - 21°W

DistributionCountries |FAO areas |Ecosystems |Occurrences |Point map |Introductions |Faunafri

Northwest to western Central Atlantic: Greenland south along the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA to Panama, and throughout much of the West Indies south to Trinidad.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm68.5, range 37 - 100 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.26938); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.3242); max. published weight: 7.3 kg (Ref.4699); max. reported age: 43 years (Ref.40922)

Short descriptionIdentification keys |Morphology |Morphometrics

Dorsalspines (total): 0;Analspines: 0. Head rather long; eyes small and placed well forward on head. Lips thick. Caudal vertebrae without transverse processes. Premaxillae not developed as distinct elements in adults. Frontal bones paired, not grown together. Pectoral girdle with 7 to 9 (up to 11 in the young) radial elements. Adults usually white or light-colored below and brownish to blue-black above, but coloration is variable; young with some yellow on the edges of the dorsal and anal fins (Ref.30499). Caudal fin rounded, joined to dorsal and anal fins. Gill opening on side in front of lower half of well-developed pectoral fin; lower jaw longer than upper; 103-111 vertebrae (Ref.26938).

Biology   Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs in streams, rivers, muddy or silt-bottomed lakes (Ref.5951); usually in permanent streams with continuous flow (Ref.86798). Hides during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders (Ref.86798). Feeds on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods, oligochaetes, amphipods, isopods, mysids, and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref.9593). Migrates in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref.3242). Sexual maturity occurs approximately in less than10 years and up to 40 years in freshwater (Ref.57533). Larvae (transparent leptocephali shaped somewhat like a willow leaf) hatch and develop at sea to metamorphose into elvers in nearshore waters and estuaries (Ref.57533). Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines. Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. Catadromous species. (Ref.26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.

Life cycle and mating behaviorMaturity |Reproduction |Spawning |Eggs |Fecundity |Larvae

Undertakes migration in autumn to the Sargasso Sea where spawning is said to take place. Coloration changes with sexual maturation. Dorsal surface of the pectorals becomes dark, lateral line becomes prominent, eye diameter increases and visual pigments change, body takes on a silvery bronze coloration. Females are usually larger than males and migrate much farther upstream (Ref.57533). Adults die after spawning (Ref.30499).Spawn at sea but growth occurs in estuaries or freshwater (Ref.7135). Spawning grounds believed to be between 20° and 30°N and 60°and 75°W (Ref.40916,40917).

Main referenceUpload your references |References |Coordinator |Collaborators

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref.5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref.130435: Version 2024-2)

  Endangered (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed:08 November 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref.116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Aquaculture systems:production; Fisheries:landings; Publication:search |FishSource |Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
References

Tools

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref.123201): 0.5 - 24.3, mean 6.3 °C (based on 323 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00087 (0.00070 - 0.00108), b=3.18 (3.13 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.93245).
Trophic level (Ref.69278):  3.8   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=3-6; tmax=43; Fec=5,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.59153):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Price category (Ref.80766):  Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref.124155):  Calcium = 32.2 [19.9, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.734 [0.430, 1.146] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.8, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.367 [0.197, 0.697] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [29, 105] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.64 [1.82, 42.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.64 [0.46, 0.92] mg/100g (wet weight); based onnutrient studies.

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