Model:32SII, differences from -32SGeneral:Code-Name:Nardo?Features:scientific, programmable, binary, complex,hyperbolics, units, solver (algebra andprogram)Firsts:combined RPN and algebraic solver,use of RCL to build strings,use of equations as messages,algebraic equations within RPN programs,use of different representations forsubtraction and minus sign in front of numbers,use of smaller E to indicate exponentfractionsIntroduction:Date:1991-3-1Price:$69.95Discontinuation:Date:1999-?-?Price:?Production-Run:?Display:Number-Formats:sign, 10 mantissa, ., exp sign, 2 expsign, integer, numerator/denominatorL## statement  (program statement online ## of program L)L.## statement  (statements 100 to 199)L,## statement  (statements 200 to 299)Annunciators:v^arrows active; fraction error<\left shift pressed/>right shift pressedPRGMprogram modeEQNequation mode0flag 01flag 12flag 23flag 3GRADgrad modeRADradians modeHEXhex modeOCToctal modeBINbinary modeVsoft key active<---more characters to the leftVsoft key activeA..Zalpha keys activeVsoft key active!attentionVsoft key activebatterybattery lowVsoft key active--->more characters to the rightVsoft key activeData:Data-Types-and-Sizes:real, 8 bytes for each non-zero variableinstructions, 1.5 bytesprogram lines and equations:  numbers 0-254 1.5 bytes  all other numbers 9.5 bytes  statements 1.5 bytesstatistical data, 48 bytes maxSOLVE calculations, 33.5 bytesintegration, 140 bytesbinary numbers are 36 bitsvariable with a value of 0 aren't storedMemory:Named-Registers:X, Y, Z, T, last X, A-Z, i, /c,  n, \GSx, \GSy, \GSx^2, \GSy^2, \GSxyFlags:0-3user, displayed4user5interrupt program on overflow6set on overflow7fraction mode8 (clear) fraction denominator is notgreater than /c8 (set) use flag 99 (clear) reduce fractions to smallest form9 (set)no reduction of fractions10display equations in programs11prompt for equation variables whenexecuting equations in programsRegister-Usage:i is indirect: registers are numbered1 to 33 (sign is ignored) designatingA to Z, i, and the six summation registersNumbered-Registers:33Machine-State:prefix key statestack lift enabledisplay contrastdisplay modeprogram counterseven level return stackdegrees / radians / gradsbinary moderadix markPRGM modeEQN modeequation pointerFN= labelrandom number seedflagscurrent menuregistersequation listvariablesmemoryPhysical:Processor:?Chip-Count:?Keyboard:Shift-Keys:left, orange, above leftright, blue, above rightalpha, white, rightKey-Labels-Base-Keyboard:: x x\v/xeLNy1/x\GS+STORCLRvSINCOSTANENTERx<>y+/-E<-XEQ789\:-<\456x/>123-C0.R/S+(The C key has a white lower label of ON.  The . key has a white lowerlabel of a b/c.  The R/S key has a white lower label of SPACE.)Key-Labels-Left-Orange-Above-Left:: 2  xx10LOGx\v/yx!\GS-CMPLXRNDHYPASINACOSATANLAST x[MEM][MODES][DISP][CLEAR]GTOv^ISG[x?y][]->\Gh,r->HR->DEG[BASE][]->kg->\^oC->cm->l[]INPUTFDISPPRGMLBLKey-Labels-Right-Blue-Above-Right::[PARTS][PROB][L.R.][x-,y-][s,\Gs][SUMS]EQNSCRLR^\pi%%CHGSHOWx<>()=FN=SOLVE\.SDSE[x?0][]->y,x->HMS->RAD[FLAGS][]->lb->\^oF->in->galOFFVIEW/cPSERTNKey-Labels-Alpha-White-Right::ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP[][]QRS[][]TUV[][]WXY[][]Zi(i)[]Programmable-Operations::%percent of%CHGpercent change+addition+/-change sign-subtraction->cmconvert inches to cm->DEGconvert to degrees->galconvert liters to gallons->HMSconvert to hours,minutes,seconds->HRconvert to decimal hours->inconvert mm to inches->kgconvert lbm to kg->lconvert gallons to liters->lbconvert kg to lb->RADconvert to radians->y,xconvert polar to rectangular->\Gh,rconvert rectangular to polar->\^oCconvert deg F to deg C->\^oFconvert deg C to deg F/cset denominator (0 and 4095 set to default, 1 recallscurrent value)0-9, .enter digit, decimal point, or fraction1/xreciprocal10^xcommon exponentialABSabsolute valueACOSarc cosineACOSHarc hyperbolic cosineALLset all display modeALOGcommon exponentialASINarc sineASINHarc hyperbolic sineATANarc tangentATANHarc hyperbolic tangentbcompute y interceptBINselect binary modeCF 0-9,.0-.1clear flagCLVARSclear all variablesCLxclear xCL\GSclear summationCMPLX +,+/-,-,1/x,COS,e^x,LN,SIN,TAN,x,y^x,\:-complex versions (usesx+yi and z+ti)Cn,rcombinationsCOScosineCOSHarc cosineDECselect decimal modeDEGset degrees modeDSE A-Z,i,(i)decrement, skip if equal (cccccc.fffii: cccccc counter,fff final, ii increment)Estart an exponentENG 0-9,.0-.1set eng mode (at most 10 digits will displayed; .0 and.1 display 10 digits and affect when rounding to display)ENTERenterEXPnatural exponentiale^xnatural exponentialFIX 0-9,.0-.1set fix mode (at most 10 digits will displayed; .0 and.1 display 10 digits and affect when rounding to display)FN= A-Z,(i)selects labelled program as currentFPfractional partFS? 0-9,.0-.1is flag set?GRADset grads modeGTO A-Z,(i)set program counter to labelHEXselect hexadecimal modeINPUT A-Z,i,(i)recall variable to X and shows name and value; skipped ifsolving for this variableINVreciprocalIPinteger partISG A-Z,i,(i)increment, skip if greater (cccccc.fffii: cccccc counter,fff final, ii increment)LASTxrecall last XLBL A-Zlabel a programLNnatural logarithmLOGcommon logarithmmcompute slopennumber of items in statistics listOCTselect octal modePn,rpermutationsPSEpausercompute correlation coefficientR/Srun / stopRADset radians modeRADIX,set , as radixRADIX.set . as radixRANDOMrandom numberRCL +,-,x,\:- A-Z,i,(i)recall arithmeticRCL A-Z,i,(i)recall from registerRNDround to match displayRTNreturnRvroll downR^roll upSCI 0-9,.0-.1set sci mode (at most 10 digits will displayed; .0 and.1 display 10 digits and affect when rounding to display)SEEDset random seedSF 0-9,.0-.1set flagSINsineSINHhyperbolic sineSOLVE A-Z,i,(i)solves the current program (or equation in equation mode)for the specified variableSQsquareSQRTsquare rootSTO +,-,x,\:- A-Z,i,(i) storage arithmeticSTO A-Z,i,(i)store in registerSTOPrun/stopsxstandard deviation of xsystandard deviation of yTANtangentTANHhyperbolic menuVIEW A-Z,i,(i)display variable name and valuex(clear menu) clear xxmultiplicationx!gamma functionx-mean of xx-wweighted mean of xx<0?comparison testx<> A-Z,i,(i)swap withx<>yswapx<y?comparison testx=0?comparison testx=y?comparison testx>0?comparison testx>y?comparison testXEQ A-Z,(i)call label as subroutineXROOTxth root of yx\<=0?comparison testx\<=y?comparison testx\=/0?comparison testx\=/y?comparison testx\>=0?comparison testx\>=y?comparison testx\v/yxth root of yx^estimate xx^2squarey,x->\Gh,rconvert rectangular to polary-mean of yy^estimate yy^xpower\.SFN d A-Z,i,(i) integrate current program (or equation in equation mode)with respect to specified variable\:-division\Gh,r->y,xconvert polar to rectangular\GSclear summation\GS+add to statistics\GS-subtract from statistics\GSxreturn sum of x values\Gsxcompute population standard deviation\GSxyreturn sum of xy product\GSx^2return sum of square of x values\GSyreturn sum of y values\Gsycompute population standard deviation\GSy^2return sum of square of y values\piconstant 3.14159265359\v/xsquare rootSolver Functions:%percent of%CHGpercent change(start expression)end expression+addition+/-change sign-subtraction->cmconvert inches to cm->DEGconvert to degrees->galconvert liters to gallons->HMSconvert to hours,minutes,seconds->HRconvert to decimal hours->inconvert mm to inches->kgconvert lbm to kg->lconvert gallons to liters->lbconvert kg to lb->RADconvert to radians->y,xconvert polar to rectangular->\Gh,rconvert rectangular to polar->\^oCconvert deg F to deg C->\^oFconvert deg C to deg F0-9, .enter digit, decimal point, or fraction1/xreciprocal10^xcommon exponential=separate equation partsA..Z,i,(i)(obtained with RCL) message letter; value of variableABSabsolute valueACOSarc cosineACOSHarc hyperbolic cosineALOGcommon exponentialASINarc sineASINHarc hyperbolic sineATANarc tangentATANHarc hyperbolic tangentbcompute y interceptCn,rcombinationsCOScosineCOSHarc cosineEstart an exponentEXPnatural exponentiale^xnatural exponentialFPfractional partINVreciprocalIPinteger partLNnatural logarithmLOGcommon logarithmmcompute slopennumber of items in statistics listPn,rpermutationsrcompute correlation coefficientRANDOMrandom numberRNDround to match displaySINsineSINHhyperbolic sineSPACEinsert a space characterSQsquareSQRTsquare rootsxstandard deviation of xsystandard deviation of yTANtangentTANHhyperbolic menux(clear menu) clear xxmultiplicationx!gamma functionx-mean of xx-wweighted mean of xXROOTxth root of yx\v/yxth root of yx^estimate xx^2squarey-mean of yy^estimate yy^xpower\:-division\GSxreturn sum of x values\Gsxcompute population standard deviation\GSxyreturn sum of xy product\GSx^2return sum of square of x values\GSyreturn sum of y values\Gsycompute population standard deviation\GSy^2return sum of square of y values\piconstant 3.14159265359\v/xsquare rootNon-Programmable-Operations::shift />clear shift<-erase character or number; cancel one level of menus;erase last function keyed in; deletes program stepshift <\clear shiftALL(clear menu) clear allBASEbring up menuCclear number or expression; cancel all menus; exit modes;halts programC (ON)onC + +adjust display contrastC + -adjust display contrastC + 1/xcontinuous self test, stop by C + LNC + LNreset calculatorC + y^xone shot self testC + \v/x + \GS+clear all memoryCLEARbring up menuDISPbring up menuEQNtoggle equation modeEQN(clear menu) clear equation (or entire calculator in programmode)FDISPtoggle fraction display modeFLAGSbring up menuGTO . .set program counter to topGTO . A-Z 00-99set program counter to specified line of labelled programGTO A-Z(not in program mode) set program counter to labelL.R.bring up menuMEMbring up menuMODESbring up menuOFFoffONonPARTSbring up menuPGM(clear menu) clear all programs (or entire calculator inprogram mode)PGM(mem meu) list of programsPRGMprogram / run modePROBbring up menus,\Gsbring up menuSCRLenable/disable equation scrollingSHOWshow all digits or objectSPACEinsert a space characterSUMSbring up menuvmove downVARlist of variablesx-,y-bring up menux?0bring up 0 comparison menux?ybring up y comparison menu^move upMenus::BASE:DECHXOCBNCLEAR:xVARSALL\GS (normal)CLEAR:xVARSPGM\GS (program mode)DISP:FXSCENALLFX:0-9,.0-.1SC:0-9,.0-.1EN:0-9,.0-.1(at most 10 digits will displayed; .0 and .1 display 10 digitsand affect when rounding to display)FLAGS:SFCFFS?then enter 0-9,.0-.1L.R.:x^y^rmbMEM:remainingVARPGMVAR:list of variablesPGM:list of programsMODES:DGRDGR.,PARTS:IPFPABSPROB:Cn,rPn,rSDRs,\Gs:sxsy\Gsx\GSySUMS:nxyx^2y^2xyx-,y-:x-y-x-,wx?0:\=/\<=<>\>==x?y:\=/\<=<>\>==Bugs/ROM-Versions::These bugs were posted to Comp.sys.handhelds on 30 April 1991) byStephen J. Thomas (sjthomas@cup.portal.com):1) The "Factors of Denominator" mode sometimes produces denominators which are not factors.  In these cases, the 32SII seems to displaythe "Most Precise Mode" fraction, so this is a minor bug. Example:SF 8CF 98 /c31/xYou see 0 1/3, but 3 isn't a factor of 8.2) The "Fixed Denominator" mode (SF 8, SF 9) sometimes produces denominators other than the specified one, along with incorrect numerators.  The amount of the error can be about +/- 1.  HP is  nowsending a manual addendum recommending that Flag 9 not be used atall. Example:SF8 SF 91ENTERENTERENTER8 /c321/x(which is 0.03125)You see v 0 7/8 (which is 0.875) but should see ^ 0 0/8.  (Recall that^ and v are the up- and down-arrows.)Now press + repeatedly.  You'll see:v 1 7/8v 2 1/2v 4v 4 3/4v 5 3/5v 6 1/2v 7 3/7etc...  all of which are WAY off, and very few of which have a "fixed"denominator of 8.3) The "Most Precise" mode (CF 8, CF 9) and the "Factors of Denominator" mode (SF 8, CF 9) sometimes violate the commutativity ofaddition, and produce incorrect results.  This only occurs when the xvalue is close to 1/8 of the /c value, and the last two digits of theLASTx register's exponent are nonzero.  The worst error this canproduce is approximately +/- 0.125, which makes this a substantialbug. Example:CF 8CF 98 /c321/xSee v 1/8, but it should be ^ 0 0/8. Pressing:0+gives ^ 0, but:321/x0x<>y+gives  v 0 1/8 . Addition should be commutative. The LASTx value iscausing the problems.In late March, I called HP's Technical Support department about problems with the fraction system (actually, at that time, I only knew about bug 1).  The HP employee stated that the 32SII can give incorrect answers when using fractions (although she would not go into any details about what problems were known), and that HP would likely be instituting some type of exchange program this summer.  She suggested I call back after April 1 for details.  I did call back, left a message, and haven't heard back from them yet.  I suppose I'll try again after May 1. Notes::Fraction mode works like this:- Entry is with with . key.  To enter 3 1/2, type: "3 . 1 . 2".- Omitted digits have these effects:. 1 . 3enters 0 1/31 . . 3enters 0 1/31 . 3 .enters 1.3(it would be nice if this insteadentered 1 3/c instead)- Entry of fractions can happen at any time, regardless of fractiondisplay mode.- Numbers are always stored in decimal.  Fraction mode only applieswhen the number is displayed (and the RND function).If so, why all those fraction-related bugs?- The /c register stores the denominator.  It can be in the range 0 to4095.  Storing a value into the /c register also turns on fractiondisplay (flag 7).- Fraction display mode (flag 7) is an alternate display mode toSCI/FIX/ENG.  If set, the SCI/FIX/ENG is not used and fractions areused.  If not set, SCI/FIX/ENG is used as normal.- The ^ and v indicators tell where the true value is in relation tothe displayed fraction.- Fractions come in three flavors:flag 8flag 9clear-most precise: the closest fraction with a denominator<= /c is used.setclearfactors of denominator: the closest fraction with adenominator that is a factor of  /c is used.setsetfixed denominator: fractions not reduced; denominatorsis always /c.Examples of the display of 2.77:flag 8flag 9/c = 4095/c = 16clear-2 77/100^ 2 10/13setclear^ 2 1051/1365^ 2 3/4setset^ 2 3153/4095^ 2 12/16Equations work like this:- Equations are unnamed and kept in an ordered list.- There are three forms:equalitiesexpr=exprassignmentsvar=exprexpressionsexpr- Keys in equation mode do:equalitiesassignmentsexpressionsENTERcomputes expr-exprcompute expr;computes exprstore value in vardo VIEW varSHOWshows checksum and sizeSOLVEprompts for variable and solves the equation for the variableXEQcomputes expr-exprcompute var-exprcomputes expr\.Senter lower and upper bound then execute this function: it promptsfor variable and solves the equation for the variableThe solver works by keying off variables appearing in RCL (forequations) or INPUT (for program).  It builds a list of all mentionedvariables (except for the one being solved for).  It then prompts foreach varaible by doing an INPUT on the variable.  INPUT works byVIEWing the variable.  You can press R/S to use the value, key in anexpression for a new variable, or press ENTER and use the currentvalue to compute a new value.  R/S continues.When you execute the solver on an equation, the solver drops you outof equation mode.  You must re-enter equation mode before tryinganother "what if?"  While annoying, this is somewhat of a Hobson'schoice as many people want to be able to do something with the result,too.Other notes:This machine was going to be called the "HP32+". However, the sameforce that dropped the "-" from the part number also indicated thatonly numbers and letters could appear in part numbers."Orange" is officially "Mandarin" (early) or "Coral" (later) -32S's.Reasons for the upgrade [Eric Vogel]: improve actual functionality,perceived functionality, and accessability of commonly used functions.Wound up adding algebraic solver, units, fractions, root finder,population standard deviation, xth root of y, brought functions out ofmenus to faceplate (23 menus reduced to 14, no nested menus), largerpixels in display.If the code name is correct, it is a (possibly unintentional) metaphorfor the machine itself: a -32S with shorter key sequences.When you look closely into the machine, it is clear that equations andfractions are "pasted on."  For example, you can't enter fractionconstants into a program.  That said, the engineers did a very goodjob and you really have to look hard to find these "seams."In the summer of 1991, HP offered a "trade in" program whereby all32SII owners could trade their units in on one with new ROMs.In my opinion, this is the best overall RPN calculator ever made.Recent models use blue and white instead of orange and blue color schemes.