Index Fungorum number:IF831775;Facesoffungi number: FoF14423

Etymology: Named after the morphologically similar genus,Cryphonectria.

Sexual morph: Ascostromata single, semi-immersed, oval to circular from above, comprising two layers, upper layer of yellowish orange to pale brown cells, turn- ing purple in KOH, and inner layer of hyaline cells, mixed with plant cells. Perithecia immersed, aggregated, 3–6 in one stroma, globose to subglobose, fuscous black to umber, with short necks. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical-fusoid to clavate, pedicellate, with distinct, J- refractive ring. Ascospores overlapping uni- to biseriate, ellipsoid to fusoid, aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled.

Asexualmorph: Conidiomata multiloculate, pulvinate; necks short or absent, semi-immersed, orange. Conidiophores cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lin- ing inner cavity of conidiomata, phialidic, ampulliform, inconspicuous, with attenuated or truncate apices, hya- line, smooth. Conidia dimorphic, microconidia minute, cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline; macroconidia fusoid, asep- tate, hyaline.

Type species: Neocryphonectria carpiniC.M. Tian, N. Jiang & Crous.

Notes: –  Neocryphonectriahas typical cryphonectriaceous stromata, and the stromatic tissues turns purple the KOH and yellow in lactic acid, unlikeChrysofoliaandFoliocryphia(Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Additionally, the fusoid macroconidia ofNeocryphonectriaare distinct from other genera in Cryphonectriaceae and Foliocryp- hiaceae.

Species