MycoBank number:MB 82042; Index Fungorum number:IF 82042;Facesoffungi number: FoF 06870; 305 species.

Pathogenicorsaprobicon plant tissues.Sexual morph:Ascomataperithecia or globose, immersed to erumpent, solitary or 3–10 ascomata aggregated, black to brown, with long neck swollen at the tips, ostiolate.Ostioleperiphysate, with ostiolar neck.Peridiumcomprising outer, 4– 6 layers of dark brown with cells oftextura angularisand 5–7 layers of, inner, small, hyaline, thin- walled, cells oftextura angularis.Paraphysesfew, hyaline.Asci8-spored, unitunicate,clavate, short-pedicellate, apex round, with or without apical ring.Ascosporesuni- to biseriate, unicellular or rarely bicellular, allantoid or ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth-walled.Asexual morph:Conidiomatapyriform in section, brown to dark brown, divided into compartments by bending of peridium.Peridiumbrown to pale brown, comprised 4–6 layers with cells oftextura angularis.Conidiophoresreduced to conidiogenous cells.Conidiogenous cellsarising from conidiomatal wall, phialidic, simple or branched, hyaline, cylindrical.Conidiaunicellular, allantoid, hyaline, smooth-walled.

Type genus –CytosporaEhrenb.

Notes – Cytosporaceae was introduced by Fries (1825) and placed into Diaporthales, which comprises phytopathogens and saprobes (Wehmeyer 1975, Barr 1978, Eriksson 2001, Castlebury et al. 2002). Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015, 2016b) listed 13 genera under Cytosporaceae (viz.Amphicytostroma,Chadefaudiomyces,Cryptascoma,Cytospora,Ditopellina,Durispora,Harpostroma,Hypospilina,Kapooria,Leptosillia,Maculatipalma,PachytrypeandParavalsa). Senanayake et al. (2017a) excluded seven genera and accepted five genera in Cytosporaceae (viz.Cytospora,Pachytrype,Paravalsa,Waydora,Xenotypa) based on morphological characteristics. Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) accepted six genera in Cytosporaceae in the outline of Ascomycota (Cytospora,Hypophloeda,Pachytrype,Paravalsa,Waydora,Xenotypa). Senanayake et al. (2018) re-examined and added two genera (viz.Cryptascoma,Hypophloeda) to Cytosporaceae based on morphology. We placeHypophloedain Diaporthales generaincertae sedisas it is atypical of Cytosporaceae.

Genera