Introduction

Demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis represent chronic disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. This thematic issue will present a comprehensive overview of novel therapeutic advances targeting these processes. In addition to dissecting the roles of innate versus adaptive immunity, antibody therapies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the issue emphasizes emerging remyelination strategies. Recent data—including early intervention with anti-CD20 treatments - underscore the benefits of a “hit hard and early” approach, while new studies underscore the potential of inducing remyelination. We will explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving myelin repair, focusing on oligodendrocyte precursor cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neural stem cell differentiation, as well as novel interventions like mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and molecular mediators.

Keywords

Innate immune system, adaptive immune system, remyelination, anti-CD20 monoclonal therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, glial cells, microglia

Sub-topics

v Immune Mechanisms in Demyelinating Disorders: The interplay of innate versus adaptiveimmunity in disease pathogenesis

v Antibody Therapies: Early intervention strategies andlong-term safety profiles in multiple sclerosis.

v Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition: Targeting neuroinflammation and its molecularpathways

v Remyelination Strategies: Cellular and molecular approaches forpromoting myelin repair, including oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation,astrocyte and microglia function, and neural stem cell potential.