Supporting and celebrating global linguistic diversity
Supporting and celebrating global linguistic diversity
Ñeengatú, Nhengatu, Yeral, Geral, Língua Geral, Nyengatú, Nyengato, Ñeegatú, Waengatu, Língua Jeral, Jeral, Língua Geral Amazônica, Nheengatú, Tapïhïya | ||
Tupian, Tupi-Guaranian, Tupi | ||
ISO 639-3 | ||
yrl | ||
Ascsv | ||
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)” . Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig · SIL InternationalInformation from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)” . Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig · SIL International
In Brazil: 10,300 in Brazil (2005)
In Colombia: 8,000 in Colombia (2004)
In Venezuela: 760 in Venezuela (2001 census); very few if any (Crevels 2007).
In Brazil: Amazonas state: Içana, Lower Vaupés, and Negro river areas.
In Colombia: Guainía department: Rio Negro; Vaupés department: Caruru and Yavarate municipalities.
In Venezuela: Amazonas state: Brazil border area, Río Negro area, lower Guainía Department, San Pedro and Bultón.
Information from: “South America” (103-196) . Mily Crevels (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Nheengatu is a creolised version of Tupinambá (Tupi-Guarani), which was spread from the east coast by white merchants and missionaries. It was widely used as a lingua franca among indigenous groups and is still used among various groups, some as a first language, others as only a second language. Estimates of numbers of speakers vary widely and it is difficult to get accurate figures.
Tukano
Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers.
Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter
~4294
3000 speakers in Brazil and 1294 speakers out of an ethnic population of 1294 people (2001) in Venezuela
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| Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “South America” (103-196) . Mily Crevels (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge |
SOURCE: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter |
| 16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 8,000 | 1000-9999 | 3,000 in Brazil (1998). | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Venezuela; Brazil; Colombia; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016) | Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig | online | SIL International | Dallas, Texas | http://www.ethnologue.com | Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. | 19,060 | 2005 | 10000-99999 | In Brazil: 10,300 in Brazil (2005)In Colombia: 8,000 in Colombia (2004)In Venezuela: 760 in Venezuela (2001 census); very few if any (Crevels 2007). | Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 12 | 14 | In Brazil: Amazonas state: Içana, Lower Vaupés, and Negro river areas.In Colombia: Guainía department: Rio Negro; Vaupés department: Caruru and Yavarate municipalities.In Venezuela: Amazonas state: Brazil border area, Río Negro area, lower Guainía Department, San Pedro and Bultón. | Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 8,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 1.2303,-66.8408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | South America | Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages | 103-196 | C. Moseley | London & New York: Routledge | Mily Crevels | Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge. | HHOLD | 3,000 | 1977 | 1000-9999 | Nheengatu is a creolised version of Tupinambá (Tupi-Guarani), which was spread from the east coast by white merchants and missionaries. It was widely used as a lingua franca among indigenous groups and is still used among various groups, some as a first language, others as only a second language. Estimates of numbers of speakers vary widely and it is difficult to get accurate figures. | Tukano | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Brazil and Venezuela | Amazonas State, Upper Rio Negro, Vaupes area; Lower Rio Negro, Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira Municipality, especially between the Curicuriari and Mare rivers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 8,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking | The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide | 167-234 | Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona | Mouton de Gruyter | Berlin | Crevels, Mily | Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter. | ~4294 | 4294 | 1977 for Brazil, 2001 for Venezuela | 1000-9999 | 3000 speakers in Brazil and 1294 speakers out of an ethnic population of 1294 people (2001) in Venezuela | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Brazil and Venezuela |