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  1. Elastic Docs/
  2. Explore and analyze/
  3. Scripting/
  4. Painless/
  5. Debugging Painless scripts

Debug subfield access errors in Painless

When you access subfields using the doc accessor, using incorrect syntax or trying to access non-existent fields without proper validation leads to runtime errors.

Follow these guidelines to avoid nested field access errors in your Painless scripts:

For details, refer to the following sample error, solution, and the result when the solution is applied to some sample data.

{  "error": {    "root_cause": [      {        "type": "script_exception",        "reason": "runtime error",        "script_stack": [          "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.getFactoryForDoc(LeafDocLookup.java:146)",          "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.get(LeafDocLookup.java:186)",          "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.get(LeafDocLookup.java:33)",          """start = doc['event'].start.value;          def """,          "            ^---- HERE"        ],        "script": " ...",        "lang": "painless",        "position": {          "offset": 95,          "start": 83,          "end": 131        }      }    ],    "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",    "reason": "all shards failed",    "phase": "query",    "grouped": true,    "failed_shards": [      {        "shard": 0,        "index": "events",        "node": "CxMTEjvKSEC0k0aTr4OM3A",        "reason": {          "type": "script_exception",          "reason": "runtime error",          "script_stack": [            "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.getFactoryForDoc(LeafDocLookup.java:146)",            "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.get(LeafDocLookup.java:186)",            "org.elasticsearch.server@9.0.0/org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafDocLookup.get(LeafDocLookup.java:33)",            """start = doc['event'].start.value;          def """,            "            ^---- HERE"          ],          "script": " ...",          "lang": "painless",          "position": {            "offset": 95,            "start": 83,            "end": 131          },          "caused_by": {            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",            "reason": "No field found for [event] in mapping"          }        }      }    ]  },  "status": 400}

The following two methods of accessing subfields will result in errors:

{  "runtime_mappings": {    "event_duration_match": {      "type": "boolean",      "script": {        "source": """          // Incorrect approach 1: trying to access nested property          def start = doc['event'].start.value;          def end = doc['event'].end.value;          emit(start == end);        """      }    }  }}

Or:

{  "runtime_mappings": {    "event_duration_match": {      "type": "boolean",      "script": {        "source": """          // Incorrect approach 2: using bracket notation incorrectly          def start = doc['event']['start'].value;          def end = doc['event']['end'].value;          emit(start == end);        """      }    }  }}
PUT events/_doc/1{  "title": "Conference Call",  "event": {    "start": "2024-01-15T09:00:00Z",    "end": "2024-01-15T10:00:00Z"  }}PUT events/_doc/2{  "title": "Team Meeting",  "event": {    "start": "2024-01-15T14:00:00Z",    "end": "2024-01-15T14:00:00Z"  }}PUT events/_doc/3{  "title": "Quick Update"}

When accessing subfields in Painless scripts using thedoc accessor, the correct syntax requires using the full dot notation path as a single string (doc['parent.child’]), rather than as a separate property access or bracket notation. This applies to all Painless contexts wheredoc accessor is available, including runtime mapping, script queries, aggregations, and ingest processors.

The error occurs becausedoc[‘event’] attempts to find a field named “event” rather than accessing subfields within the event object.

Use full dot notation and validate that the field exists:

POST events/_search{  "fields": [    {      "field": "*",      "include_unmapped": "true"    }  ],  "runtime_mappings": {    "event_duration_match": {      "type": "boolean",      "script": {        "source": """          if (doc.containsKey('event.start') && doc.containsKey('event.end') && doc['event.start'].size() > 0 && doc['event.end'].size() > 0) {            def start = doc['event.start'].value;            def end = doc['event.end'].value;            emit(start == end);          } else {            emit(false);          }        """      }    }  }}
{  ...,  "hits": {    ...,    "hits": [      {        ...,        "_source": {          "title": "Conference Call",          "event": {            "start": "2024-01-15T09:00:00Z",            "end": "2024-01-15T10:00:00Z"          }        },        "fields": {          "title.keyword": [            "Conference Call"          ],          "event_duration_match": [            false          ],          "title": [            "Conference Call"          ],          "event": [            {              "start": [                "2024-01-15T09:00:00.000Z"              ],              "end": [                "2024-01-15T10:00:00.000Z"              ]            }          ]        }      },      {        ...,        "_source": {          "title": "Team Meeting",          "event": {            "start": "2024-01-15T14:00:00Z",            "end": "2024-01-15T14:00:00Z"          }        },        "fields": {          "title.keyword": [            "Team Meeting"          ],          "event_duration_match": [            false          ],          "title": [            "Team Meeting"          ],          "event": [            {              "start": [                "2024-01-15T14:00:00.000Z"              ],              "end": [                "2024-01-15T14:00:00.000Z"              ]            }          ]        }      },      {        ...,        "_source": {          "title": "Quick Update"        },        "fields": {          "title.keyword": [            "Quick Update"          ],          "title": [            "Quick Update"          ],          "event_duration_match": [            false          ]        }      }    ]  }}
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