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About

TheDigital Athenaeus is a project directed byMonica Berti at the University of Leipzig for producing a digital edition of theDeipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis.

The project is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - Projektnummer434173983).

The work is focused on annotating quotations and text reuses in theDeipnosophists in order to accomplish two main results:

Provide an inventory of authors and works cited by Athenaeus;
Implement a data model for identifying, analyzing, and citing uniquely instances of text reuse in theDeipnosophists.

The Greek text of theDeipnosophists is based on the Teubner edition of Georg Kaibel (1887-1890) and theDigital Athenaeus provides users with differenttools for accessing the text and getting information about authors and works quoted by Athenaeus:

Retrieving citations:
- Casaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter;
- CTS URN Retriever.
Accessing and searching the text of theDeipnosophists:
- Greek text (Kaibel edition)
- Greek text search (Kaibel edition).
Catalog of Authors and Works cited in the text of theDeipnosophists:
- Catalog of Authors and Works: a catalog based on the linguistic extraction and annotation of author names and work titles in the Greek text of theDeipnosophists.
Looking for Athenaeus’ quotations:
- Digital versions of theindices scriptorum by August Meineke and Georg Kaibel, of thedialogi personae by Georg Kaibel, and of theindex of authors, texts, and persons by S. Douglas Olson (seetools);
- Book Stream: automatic alignment of index entries with links to the indices and to the Greek text of theDeipnosophists.
Named Entity Recognition (NER) tools:
- Index to Text: automatic alignment of index entries with the Greek text of theDeipnosophists based on the Levenshtein distance;
- Named Entities Digger: named entities detection in the Greek text of theDeipnosophists;
- Named Entities Concordance: concordance of detected named entities in the Greek text of theDeipnosophists;
- Named entity annotation withINCEpTION.
The geography of theDeipnosophists:
- ToposText Mapped Places of Athenaeus'Deipnosophists: a map based on place names (in English) mentioned in the text of theDeipnosophists with links to the relevant passages in the text and to ToposText entries (project realized thanks to the collaboration with Brady Kiesling and theToposText project).

References:

M. Berti.Digital Editions of Historical Fragmentary Texts. Digital Classics Books, Band 5. Heidelberg: Propylaeum 2021 (DOI:10.11588/propylaeum.898)
M. Berti. “Per un catalogo annotato della letteratura greca antica”. In AIUCD 2021, Università degli Studi di Pisa, January 19-22, 2021 (paper) (poster)
M. Berti. “Named Entity Annotation for Ancient Greek with INCEpTION”. InProceedings of CLARIN Annual Conference 2019. Ed. by K. Simov and M. Eskevich. Leipzig, Germany: CLARIN 2019, pp. 1-4 (proceedings)
M. Berti. “Historical Fragmentary Texts in the Digital Age”. InDigital Classical Philology. Ancient Greek and Latin in the Digital Revolution. Ed. by M. Berti. Series “Age of Access? Grundfragen der Informationsgesellschaft” 10. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2019 (DOI:10.1515/9783110599572-015)
M. Berti. “Annotating Text Reuse within the Context: theLeipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS)”. InText, Kontext, Kontextualisierung. Moderne Kontextkonzepte und antike Literatur. Ed. by U. Tischer, U. Gärtner, A. Forst. Tübingen. Spudasmata 179. Hildesheim – Zürich – New York: Olms, 2018, 223-234 (link)
M. Berti et al. “The Leipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS)”. InDigital Methods and Classical Studies. Ed. N.W. Bernstein and N. Coffee. DHQ Themed Issue 10(2), 2016 (link)
M. Berti et al. “Modelling Taxonomies of Text Reuse in the Deipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis: Declarative Digital Scholarship”. InDigital Humanities 2016: Conference Abstracts. Jagiellonian University & Pedagogical University, Kraków, 135-137 (link)
M. Berti et al. “Documenting Homeric Text-Reuse in theDeipnosophistae of Athenaeus of Naucratis”. In Digital Approaches and the Ancient World. Ed. by G. Bodard, Y. Broux, and S. Tarte. BICS Themed Issue 59(2), 2016, 121-139 (DOI:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2016.12042.x)

The Deipnosophists

TheDeipnosophists (i.e.,The Learned Banqueters) is the description of several banquet conversations on food, literature, and arts held in Rome at the house of the rich patron Larensius. This work can be considered as an erudite and literary encyclopedia of many curiosities about classical antiquity. It is also an invaluable collection of quotations and text reuses of ancient authors, ranging from Homer to tragic and comic poets and lost historians.

Athenaeus, the author of theDeipnosophists, is almost unknown. The Byzantine lexiconSuda (s.v. Ἀθήναιος 731) describes him as coming from the Egyptian city of Naucratis, being a grammarian, and living in the time of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Athenaeus presents himself as participating in the banquets described in theDeipnosophists with other twenty-two sophists. He offers the account of the conversations to his friend Timocrates.

The text of theDeipnosophists has been transmitted in two different forms:

A mutilated copy of the original work (Venetus Marcianus 447), where the first part of the text untilDeipn. 3.73e (= 3.4) and other scattered folios are lost.
An epitome of the whole work in four copies (Parisinus Suppl. Gr. 841;Laurentianus LX.2; BMBibl. Regia 16.D.X;Erbacensis 4).

Casaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter

TheCasaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter is a tool for finding concordances between the numerations used in the two editions of the 15 books of theDeipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis byIsaac Casaubon (1597) andGeorg Kaibel (1887-1890).

Casaubon reference system: After the reference to the book number, this system includes an arabic numeral referring to the page of the edition of Casaubon followed by a letter (a-f) corresponding to the subdivision of the page into sections of about ten lines of text (e.g., 12.530d).

Kaibel reference system: In this system each book is logically divided into paragraphs corresponding to units of sense and the paragraphs are referred to with arabic numerals whose numeration starts again at the beginning of each book (e.g., 12.40).

In addition to the converter, a web-based Application Programming Interface (API) allows to integrate data into external services.

Converter

Converter API

Kaibel - Index Scriptorum

This index is part of the third volume of the Teubner edition of theDeipnosophists published by Georg Kaibel in 1890 (Index Scriptorum). The index includes a list of authors and works cited by Athenaeus in the fifteen books of theDeipnosophists. The digital version of the index has been created starting from theOCR output of the printed volume.

The OCR output has been parsed using bash scripts and manually corrected in order to create an SQL database organized in fields containing data (in Latin and Greek) collected and arranged by Kaibel for each author and work.

Two web-based interface tools have been implemented for querying the SQL Database. A web-based Application Programming Interface (API) allows to integrate index data into external services.

The digital version of theIndex Scriptorum has been enriched with a conversion of Casaubon references into Kaibel references. Given that the automatic conversion generates an expansion of data (e.g., 7.315e = 7.98 and 7.99), the system allows users to disambiguate and vote the correct correspondence between Casaubon and Kaibel paragraphs.

Index Digger

Perform queries in the DB of theIndex Scriptorum.

Dynamic Graph

Produce a graphic visualization of theIndex Scriptorum data.

Digger API

Get a JSON output of "digger" queries of theIndex Scriptorum.

Kaibel - Dialogi Personae

This index is part of the third volume of the Teubner edition of theDeipnosophists published by Georg Kaibel in 1890 (Dialogi Personae). The index includes a list of the characters of the banquets described by Athenaeus. The digital version of the index has been created starting from theOCR output of the printed volume.

Two web-based interface tools have been implemented for querying the SQL Database. A web-based Application Programming Interface (API) allows to integrate index data into external services.

The digital version of theDialogi Personae has been enriched with a conversion of Casaubon references into Kaibel references. Given that the automatic conversion generates an expansion of data (e.g., 5.221a = 5.63 and 5.64), the system allows users to disambiguate and vote the correct correspondence between Casaubon and Kaibel paragraphs.

Index Digger

Perform queries in the DB of theDialogi Personae.

Dynamic Graph

Produce a graphic visualization of theDialogi Personae data.

Digger API

Get a JSON output of "digger" queries of theDialogi Personae.

Olson - Index of Authors, Texts, and Persons

This index is part of the eighth volume of the Loeb edition of theDeipnosophists published by S. Douglas Olson in 2012 (Index of Authors, Texts, and Persons). The index has been parsed using bash scripts and manually corrected in order to create an SQL database organized in fields containing data collected and arranged by Olson for each entry.

Two web-based interface tools have been implemented for querying the SQL Database. A web-based Application Programming Interface (API) allows to integrate index data into external services.

The digital version of theIndex of Authors, Texts, and Persons has been enriched with a conversion of Casaubon references into Kaibel references. Given that the automatic conversion generates an expansion of data (e.g., 4.145a = 4.25 and 4.26), the system allows users to disambiguate and vote the correct correspondence between Casaubon and Kaibel paragraphs.

Index Digger

Perform queries in the DB of theIndex of Authors, Texts, and Persons.

Dynamic Graph

Produce a graphic visualization of theIndex of Authors, Texts, and Persons data.

Digger API

Get a JSON output of "digger" queries of theIndex of Authors, Texts, and Persons.

Meineke - Index Scriptorum

This index is part of the third volume of the Teubner edition of theDeipnosophists published by August Meineke in 1859 (Index Scriptorum). The index includes a list of authors and works cited by Athenaeus in the fifteen books of theDeipnosophists. The digital version of the index has been created starting from theOCR output of the printed volume.

Two web-based interface tools have been implemented for querying the SQL Database. A web-based Application Programming Interface (API) allows to integrate index data into external services.

The digital version of theIndex Scriptorum has been enriched with a conversion of Casaubon references into Kaibel references. Given that the automatic conversion generates an expansion of data (e.g., 6.273a = 6.104 and 6.105), the system allows users to disambiguate and vote the correct correspondence between Casaubon and Kaibel paragraphs.

Index Digger

Perform queries in the DB of theIndex Scriptorum.

Dynamic Graph

Produce a graphic visualization of theIndex Scriptorum data.

Digger API

Get a JSON output of "digger" queries of theIndex Scriptorum.

Book Stream

TheBook Stream shows an automatic alignment of index entries of theDeipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis extracted from four different resources:

Index of Authors, Texts, and Persons by S. Douglas Olson;
Index Scriptorum by August Meineke;
Index Scriptorum by Georg Kaibel;
Dialogi Personae by Georg Kaibel.

Each entry of the indices is linked to the index digger of each index.

Each paragraph of each book of theDeipnosophists is linked toIndex to Text, which is an experimental tool based on the Levenshtein distance for automatically aligning index entries with the Greek text of theDeipnosophists.

The left sidebar allows users to select books and paragraphs in order to visualize the corresponding alignment.

Book Stream

Crowdsourcing Athenaeus

Reading and analyzing theDeipnosophists of Athenaeus of Naucratis require experience and philological skills. This complex and fascinating work is the effort of a learned author who produced a sort of encyclopedia of curiosities about classical antiquity.

The great value of the work of Athenaeus is also due to its being a precious collection of quotations and text reuses of ancient authors who are now lost.

This is the reason why theDeipnosophists is a sort of reference tool for every scholar of Greek theater, poetry, historiography, botany, zoology, and many other topics.

In the past centuries philologists and publishers have used their philological expertise and printing technologies for producing editions of theDeipnosophists that are still invaluable tools for accessing the work of Athenaeus.

Nowadays digital technologies allows us to convert printed editions into digital editions and to produce new digital data of theDeipnosophists that can be parsed by the machine and visualized in different ways.

In order to produce and check the quality of digital data, we have to combine computational and manual work. Both of them need different levels of expertise to accomplish satisfactory results within reasonable computational effort and time.

This is the reason why we have been implementing tools for distributing tasks to different users who can check, disambiguate, and improveDeipnosophists data.

The tools that are now available in theDigital Athenaeus project require different contributions:

test the usability of the digital versions of the indices of theDeipnosophists;
correct possible OCR and human errors in the indices by Georg Kaibel, August Meineke, and S. Douglas Olson;
vote for disambiguating the right correspondences between Casaubon and Kaibel references in the indices of theDeipnosophists.

Greek Text

TheDigital Athenaeus provides users with theGreek text of theDeipnosophists according to the Teubner edition of Georg Kaibel (1887-1890).

The slide in/out navigation menu, which is accessible through the bar icon on the top left hand side of the header bar, represents the whole tree of the text by books and paragraphs. The "Expand All" and "Collapse All" functions allow to navigate through the text with a comprehensive view of the structure of the edition of theDeipnosophists by Kaibel.

Every book and every paragraph of the text have a CTS URN expressed according to theCITE Architecture. tlg0008 is Athenaeus of Naucratis and tlg001 is theDeipnosophists, while perseus-grc2 is the edition of Kaibel as cataloged in thePerseus Catalog. For example:

Ath.Deipn. 3
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3
Ath.Deipn. 3.7
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.7

The icons on the left of each paragraph are links to external resources:

list icon
automatic alignment of index entries with the Greek text of theDeipnosophists (indices by August Meineke, Georg Kaibel, and S. Douglas Olson);
tag icon
POS tagging of the text through theOpenNLP POSTagger for Ancient Greek.

The text of theDeipnosophists is searchable in two different ways:

by holding down the SHIFT-key when highlighting words of the Greek text of theDeipnosophists with the mouse;
by searching words directly in theSearch tool.

When available, results display alsoMorpheus' inflected forms and lemmata,Suda's entries, and entries from theLiddell-Scott Lexicon in the CITE Architecture.

Greek Text

Read the Greek text of theDeipnosophists in the edition of Georg Kaibel.

Search the Greek text of theDeipnosophists in the edition of Georg Kaibel.

CTS URN Retriever

TheCTS URN retriever is a tool for retrieving and citing paragraphs, passages, and words in the Greek text of theDeipnosophists by typing the corresponding CTS URN. TheDigital Athenaeus is currently providing the text of the Teubner edition of theDeipnosophists by Georg Kaibel (1887-1890), which is cataloged as perseus-grc2 in thePerseus Catalog.

The syntax of the URNs follows the specification of theCITE Architecture. For example:

Ath.Deipn. 3.7
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.7
The second occurrence of the word βίβλου in Ath.Deipn. 1.1
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1@βίβλου[2]
The quotation of the words of Antiphanes (ἀεὶ δὲ πρὸς Μούσαισι καὶ λόγοις πάρει, ὅπου τι σοφίας ἔργον ἐξετάζεται) in Ath.Deipn. 1.4
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.4@ἀεὶ[1]-ἐξετάζεται[1]

The tool allows also users to type only book and paragraph of theDeipnosophists and get the corresponding CTS URN. For example:

Ath.Deipn. 13.7
13.7

Correspondences between Casaubon and Kaibel references are available through theCasaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter.

The icons on the left of each paragraph are links to external resources:

list icon
automatic alignment of index entries with the Greek text of theDeipnosophists (indices by August Meineke, Georg Kaibel, and S. Douglas Olson);
tag icon
POS tagging of the text through theOpenNLP POSTagger for Ancient Greek.

Using CTS URNs, it is possible to export citations of theDeipnosophists down to the word level. By selecting a portion of text holding down the ALT-key, users get a pop-up window with the CTS URN that identifies the selected chunk of text. For example:

Ath.Deipn. 1.1: Ἀθήναιος μὲν ὁ τῆς βίβλου πατήρ
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1@Ἀθήναιος[1]-πατήρ[1]

CTS URN Retriever

Retrieve and cite paragraphs, passages, and words of theDeipnosophists in the edition of Georg Kaibel.

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About

The Deipnosophists

Tools

Contact

Casaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter

Kaibel - Index Scriptorum

Kaibel - Dialogi Personae

Olson - Index of Authors, Texts, and Persons

Meineke - Index Scriptorum

Book Stream

Crowdsourcing Athenaeus

Greek Text

CTS URN Retriever