As the United States and Europe continue to grapple with the security implications of Russia’s war in Ukraine and broader global challenges, they also face fundamental threats to democracy at home. Economic hardship, migration, and intensifying polarization are giving rise to leaders willing and able to undermine democratic norms and practices. Thepersonalization of politics—or the growing prevalence of leaders that are coming to power backed by political parties created around the leader rather than and agenda—has become an especially acute threat to democracies, enabling the incremental erosion od democracy we see today. This democratic erosion is sowing division between countries, and making consensus in Europe’s consensus-based institutions such as the European Union and NATO difficult to reach.

The rise of far-right parties across Europe threatens Western unity toward Ukraine, and complicates the democratic functioning of key European institutions. Even outside of governing coalitions, illiberal views are seeping into the political mainstream and public discourse, where they polarize and fragment politics and public opinion. These cleavages raise the risk of political dysfunction and increase the vulnerability of democratic governments to Russian and Chinese malign influence.

The Transatlantic Security Program considers these dangers to democracy in the United States, Europe and across the globe—analyzing the threats to democracy that stem from the rise of personalism in democracies and a coalescing illiberal axis. This work aims to identify policies and approaches that U.S. and European officials, the media, and civil society actors can use to counter illiberalism and renew and safeguard the democratic foundations that underpin U.S. and European influence and security.

Learn more inThe Origins of Elected Strongmen, by Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Erica Franz, and Joe Wright. Available now from Oxford University Press.