• construction and work organization
  • Inhistory of the organization of work: Large-scale building

    The monumental public-works projects of the ancient world demonstrate a remarkable degree of human organization in the absence of power and machinery. The Great Pyramid at Giza, built about 2500bce, before the Egyptians knew the pulley or had wheeled vehicles, covers 13 acres (5.3 hectares)…

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  • Inhistory of the organization of work: Monumental construction

    The mechanization that was changing the organization of work throughout the medieval period was little apparent in the construction of castles, cathedrals, and town walls. Technologies that involved in the lifting of weights, for instance, had made little progress during the Middle Ages,…

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• inscriptions
  • 
    Inepigraphy: Materials and techniques

    …inscriptions may be divided into monumental, archival, and incidental. Monumental inscriptions were intended for enduring display and were therefore, as a rule, executed in lasting material, such as stone or metal. Maximal exposure to mortal eyes need not have been the prime purpose of their originators—e.g., the tomb chambers of…

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memorials

• ancient Egyptian
  • 
    Inancient Egypt: The king and ideology: administration, art, and writing

    …the gods became the principal monuments; royal palaces and private houses, which are very little known, were less important. Temples and tombs were ideally executed in stone with relief decoration on their walls and were filled with stone and wooden statuary, inscribed and decorated stelae (freestanding small stone monuments), and,…

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• prehistoric
  • 
    Inprehistoric religion: Burial customs and cults of the dead

    …of the megalithic (huge stone) graves that appear in various areas from the Neolithic Period on. It is probable that in this practice there was also a vital believed link between the living and the dead, and that occasionally sacred areas and gathering places were connected with such graves. The…

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• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
  • 
    InTomb of the Unknown Soldier

    …such tombs to serve as memorials to all their war dead.

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• Washington, D.C.
  • 
    InWashington, D.C.: Monuments and memorials

    Much of the attractiveness of Washington can be attributed to the hundreds of outdoor sculptures and monuments that adorn the parks, gardens, buildings, avenues, and cemeteries of the city. L’Enfant suggested the use of outdoor sculpture as a way to honour the new…

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