Assorted References

• major reference
  • Inpolitical system: The United Nations organization
• classification as international organization
  • Ininternational organization
• Ebola outbreak of 2014–15
  • InEbola outbreak of 2014–16: Escalation of the outbreak
• functionalism
  • Infunctionalism: Functional cooperation in the United Nations
• history of Europe
  • Inhistory of Europe: Planning the peace
• human rights report on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • InRwanda: Moving forward
• liberal internationalism
  • Inliberal internationalism: Origins and evolution
  • Inliberal internationalism
  • Inliberal internationalism: Engines of progress: commerce and law
  • Inliberal internationalism: Modern manifestations
• official languages
  • Inlingua franca
• ostracism of Franco administration
  • InFrancisco Franco: Franco’s dictatorship
• Palestinian statehood request
  • InIsrael: Palestinian unilateral bid for statehood
  • InPalestinian Authority: Attempts toward unilateral statehood
  • InMahmoud Abbas: Peace process and international relations
• policy toward Bosnian War
  • InBosnian War: Independence and war
• significance in U.S.–Canadian relations
  • InCanada: Multilateral commitments
• Switzerland
  • InSwitzerland: Security
  • InSwitzerland: Recent developments

contributions to

• diplomacy
  • Indiplomacy: The United Nations and the changing world order
  • Indiplomacy: Credentials
• Haiti 2010 earthquake relief
  • In2010 Haiti earthquake: A people in crisis
• international law
  • Ininternational law: Historical development
  • Ininternational law: Peaceful settlement
  • Ininternational law: Definition and scope
• maritime regulation
  • Inship: International conventions
• mediation
  • Inmediation
• space exploration
  • Inspace exploration: International participation

inspiration for

• Eritrean flag
  • Inflag of Eritrea
• Somali flag
  • Inflag of Somalia

intervention in

• Afghanistan
  • InAfghanistan: Finance of Afghanistan
  • InAfghanistan: Civil war, communist phase (1978–92)
• Asia and Africa
  • Innationalism: The new nations
• Belgian Congo
  • InPatrice Lumumba: Prime ministership
  • In20th-century international relations: Decolonization and development
• Central African Republic
  • InCentral African Republic: Patassé and the quest for democracy
• Ethiopia and Eritrea unification
  • Ineastern Africa: Eritrean nationalism
  • InEthiopia: Return to power
• First Persian Gulf War
  • In20th-century international relations: The first post-Cold War crisis: war in the Persian Gulf
• French Polynesia
  • InFrench Polynesia: History of French Polynesia
• Indonesia
  • InIndonesia: The revolution
• Iran-Iraq War
  • In20th-century international relations: The Middle East
• Iraq War
  • InIraq War: Prelude to war
• Korean unification
  • InKorea: Establishment of the two republics
• Korean War
  • InKorean War
  • InKorea: UN intervention
  • Inlogistics: Logistics in the nuclear age
• Kosovo conflict
  • InSerbia: The Kosovo conflict
  • InKosovo: Kosovo in Yugoslavia
• Kuwait
  • InKuwait: The Persian Gulf War and its aftermath
• Namibia
  • InNamibia: From resistance to liberation struggle
  • InNamibia: The road to Namibia
• Somalia
  • InSomalia: Civil war
  • InSomalia intervention
• Syrian Civil War
  • InSyria: Uprising and civil war
  • InSyria: Uprising and civil war
  • InSyrian Civil War: Key events in Syria 1946–2010
• Yom Kippur War
  • InYom Kippur War

policies on

• aggression
  • Inaggression
  • Ininternational criminal law: Categories of international crime
• apartheid
  • InSouth Africa: The unraveling of apartheid
• collective security
  • Incollective security
• disarmament
  • Indisarmament
• extraterritoriality
  • Inextraterritoriality
• female genital cutting
  • Infemale genital cutting: Prevalence and distribution
• foreign aid
  • Inforeign aid: History
• hijacking
  • Inhijacking
• human cloning
  • Incloning: Ethical controversy
• human rights
  • Inhuman rights: The persistence of the notion
• human trafficking
  • Inhuman trafficking: Legal response
• indigenous rights
  • InNative American: International developments
• space law
  • Inspace law
• police action
  • Inpolice action
• prisoners’ rights
  • Inprison: Prisoners’ rights
• prostitution
  • Inprostitution
• right to wage war
  • Insovereignty: Sovereignty and international law
• self-determination
  • Inself-determination
• slavery
  • Inslavery: Ways of ending slavery
• torture
  • Intorture: International response
• warfare
  • Inwar: The United Nations
  • Inlaw of war: Legally defining war

programs regarding

• archive maintenance
  • Inarchives
• census-taking
  • Incensus: History
• drug control
  • Indrug use: International controls
• mandate and trusteeship system
  • Inmandate
• technical assistance
  • Intechnical assistance
• training of civil servants
  • Inpublic administration: Developing nations

role of

• Annan
  • InKofi Annan
• Ban
  • InBan Ki-Moon
• Baruch
  • InBernard Baruch
• Brahimi
  • InLakhdar Brahimi
• Eleanor Roosevelt
  • InEleanor Roosevelt
• Franklin Roosevelt
  • InUnited States: The new U.S. role in world affairs
• Fulbright
  • InJ. William Fulbright
• García Robles
  • InAlfonso García Robles
• Goldberg
  • InArthur J. Goldberg
• Hammarskjöld
  • InDag Hammarskjöld
• Kingston upon Hull
  • InCordell Hull
• Lie
  • InTrygve Lie
• Paul VI
  • InSt. Paul VI: Apostolic journeys
• Pérez de Cuéllar
  • InJavier Pérez de Cuéllar
• Rockefeller, Jr.
  • InJohn D. Rockefeller, Jr.
• Shotwell
  • InJames Thomson Shotwell
• Stevenson
  • InAdlai E. Stevenson
• Taylor
  • InMaxwell Davenport Taylor
• Thant
  • InU Thant
• Waldheim
  • InKurt Waldheim

sanctions against

• Iraq
  • InIraq: Baghdad of Iraq
  • InBaghdad: Baghdad in modern Iraq
• Rhodesia
  • InZimbabwe: Rhodesia and the UDI

significance of

• Dumbarton Oaks Conference
  • InDumbarton Oaks Conference
• United Nations Resolution 181
  • InUnited Nations Resolution 181
• Yalta Conference
  • InYalta Conference

SPECIAL FEATURE

• member states of the United Nations (UN)
  • Inmember states of the United Nations (UN)

General history and function

A classic treatment of the evolution of international organization isInis L. Claude, Jr.,Swords into Plowshares: The Problems and Progress of International Organization, 4th ed. (1971, reissued 1984). Other important works includeCraig N. Murphy,International Organization and Industrial Change: Global Governance Since 1850 (1994). The origin of the United Nations is traced inCecelia Lynch,Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics (1999); andDorothy B. Robins,Experiment in Democracy (1971). The UN’s first half century is discussed inStanley Meisler,United Nations: The First Fifty Years (1995). Comprehensive overviews of the tasks and functioning of the UN can be found inEvan Luard,The United Nations: How It Works and What It Does, 2nd ed., rev. byDerek Heater (1994);Peter R. Baehr andLeon Gordenker,The United Nations in the 1990s (1992); andAmos Yoder,The Evolution of the United Nations System, 2nd ed. (1993).Brian Urquhart,A Life in Peace and War (1987), is a personal history of the diplomat’s involvement in the organization. The role of the UN in the post-Cold War era is examined inJ. Martin Rochester,Waiting for the Millennium: The United Nations and the Future of World Order (1993); andKaren A. Mingst andMargaret P. Karns,The United Nations in the Post-Cold War Era, 2nd ed. (2000).

Global conferences

Discussion of UN global conferences generally has taken the form of single-issue volumes on particular conferences. One notable exception isMichael G. Schechter (ed.),United Nations-Sponsored World Conferences: Focus on Impact and Follow-Up (2001). Single-volume works includeDimitris Bourantonis,The United Nations and the Quest for Nuclear Disarmament (1993);Irving M. Mintzer andJ. Amber Leonard (eds.),Negotiating Climate Change: The Inside Story of the Rio Convention (1994);Anne Winslow (ed.),Women, Politics, and the United Nations (1995);Stanley Johnson,The Politics of Population: The International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 1994 (1995);William M. Lafferty andKatarina Eckerberg (eds.),From the Earth Summit to Local Agenda 21: Working Towards Sustainable Development (1998); andPamela S. Chasek,Earth Negotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy (2001).

Intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations

The relationship between the United Nations and other international organizations on particular issues is addressed inHarold K. Jacobson,Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System, 2nd ed. (1984); for the economic arena in particular,Joan Edelman Spero,The Politics of International Economic Relations, 4th ed. (1990), is helpful. The role of nongovernmental organizations is examined inThomas G. Weiss andLeon Gordenker (eds.),NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance (1996); andAnn M. Florini (eds.),The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society (2000).

Documents

United Nations Association of the United States of America,A Global Agenda (annual), contains information on the issues before the current General Assembly. Contemporary information also can be found in several UN publications, includingBasic Facts about the United Nations (irregular);Yearbook of the United Nations;UN Chronicle (monthly); andReport of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization (annual).