dog show, competition in which purebreddogs are judged on the basis of their physical perfection as determined by breed standards or on performancecriteria such as agility, tracking, obedience, or herding. In some performance shows, “companion dogs” of mixed breeds are allowed to compete. Dog shows in theUnited States are held according to rules set up by theAmerican Kennel Club (AKC); shows inGreat Britain follow the rules of the Kennel Club; other such groups include the United Kennel Club (UKC) and the American Rare Breed Association (ARBA). Local kennel clubs worldwide sponsordog shows, sometimes specializing in national breeds. Shows may feature only a specific breed or group (the seven AKC groups are Sporting, Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-Sporting, and Herding).

The first English dog show was held inNewcastle in 1859, and a more ambitious one followed atChelsea in 1863. The best known of English dog shows is Crufts, which has been held annually inLondon since 1886. The first formaldog show in theUnited States was held in 1877,sponsored by theWestminster Kennel Club. The annual showssponsored by this kennel club, in New York City, and by the International Kennel Club, inChicago, are two of the most important dog shows in the United States.

The AKC shows are typical. In conformation shows, breeds are judged, males and females separately, against the ideal of the breed standards, and since animals are considered as breeding stock, they must be intact (not spayed or neutered). The dog’s size, proportions, bone structure, teeth, coat, musculature, and movements are evaluated. The best male then competes against the best female for the Best in Breed title. The breed winners may then compete against other breeds in their group, and, finally, the group winners compete for Best in Show.

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