Elfriede Jelinek, (born October 20, 1946, Mürzzuschlag, Austria), Austrian novelist and playwright noted for her controversial works on gender relations, female sexuality, and popular culture. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2004.

Jelinek received her education in Vienna, where the combination of her academic studies with a rigorous program of musical training at the Vienna Conservatory contributed in part to her emotional breakdown at age 17. It was during her recovery that Jelinek turned to writing as a form of self-expression and introspection. After attending the University of Vienna, she made her literary debut with a collection of poems,Lisas Schatten (1967; “Lisa’s Shadow”), and followed with her first published novel,Wir sind Lockvögel Baby! (1970; “We’re Decoys, Baby!”). Using language and the structural interplay of class consciousness as a means to explore the social and cultural parameters of dependency and authority, she earned critical recognition forMichael: Ein Jugendbuch für die Infantilgesellschaft (1972; “Michael: A Young Person’s Guide to Infantile Society”).

A polemical feminist, Jelinek often wrote about genderoppression and female sexuality. In the satiricDie Liebhaberinnen(1975;Women as Lovers, 1994), she describedthe entrapment and victimization of women within a dehumanizing and patriarchalsociety. Her semiautobiographical novelDie Klavierspielerin (1983;The Piano Teacher, 1988) addressed issues of sexualrepression; it was adapted for the screen in 2001. In her writings, Jelinekrejected the conventions of traditional literary technique in favour oflinguistic and thematic experimentation.

Jelinek’s significant novels include the satiricDie Ausgesperrten (1980;Wonderful, Wonderful Times, 1990),Lust (1989;Lust, 1992), andGier (2000;Greed, 2006). Her most notable plays includeWas geschah, nachdem Nora ihren Mann verlassen hatte oder Stützen der Gesellschaften (1980;What Happened After Nora Left Her Husband; or, Pillars of Society, 1994), which she wrote as a sequel to Henrik Ibsen’sA Doll’s House;Clara S.: musikalische Tragödie (1984;Clara S., 1997); andBambiland (2003).

Written byThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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