Battle of Munda, (45bc), conflict that ended the ancient Roman civil war between the forces ofPompey the Great and those ofJulius Caesar. The late Pompey’s sons, Gnaeus and Sextus, had seized Córdoba inSpain, and Caesar came with an army to end the revolt.

After a long series of withdrawals, the Pompeians took up a position on the high ground at Munda, nearUrso (modern Osun). Caesar halted, luring the Pompeians down into battle. The fight raged for hours, Caesar himself entering the fray tobolster his veteran 10th Legion. A tactical shift of troops by Gnaeus to meet a Roman cavalry attack was misunderstood by the rest of his army. Thinking a retreat had begun, they broke, and Caesar won the war.