The Web & Communication, NEW-PIN
The development of the World Wide Web had a massive impact on the ways in which people interact and communicate, ultimately paving the way for the heavily interconnected world that we live in today. Although Internet communication dominates in many spheres of life, other means of communication remain no less important.
The Web & Communication Encyclopedia Articles By Title
News Corporation (“News Corp”) is a multinational media and information services conglomerate that was originally......
newscast, radio or television summary of news events read by a newscaster or produced with a combination of reading......
newsgroup, Internet-based discussion group, similar to a bulletin board system (BBS), where people post messages......
newsletter, informal publication, often simple in format and crisp in style, that provides special information,......
newspaper, a publication and form of mass communication and mass media usually issued daily, weekly, or at other......
newspaper syndicate, agency that sells to newspapers and other media special writing and artwork, often written......
Jordan Kush Ngubane was a Zulu novelist, scholar, and editor for the South African publications Ilanga lase Natal......
John Nichols was a writer, printer, and antiquary who, through numerous volumes of literary anecdotes, made an......
Mary Gove Nichols was an American writer and advocate of women’s rights and health reform. Nichols is best known......
Eliza Jane Poitevent Holbrook Nicholson was an American poet and journalist, the first woman publisher of a daily......
Hezekiah Niles was an editor and newspaper publisher who was one of the foremost figures in early American journalism.......
Nintendo console, groundbreaking eight-bit video game console created by Japanese designer Uemura Masayuki. The......
Nintendo Wii, electronic game console, released by the Nintendo Company of Japan in 2006. Instead of directly competing......
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japanese telecommunications company that almost monopolizes Japan’s......
Nishi Amane was a philosopher, writer, and publisher who helped introduce Western philosophy, especially British......
non-fungible token (NFT), a non-interchangeable digital asset such as a photograph, song, or video whose ownership......
Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe was one of the most successful newspaper publishers in......
Northrop Grumman Corporation, major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics,......
Charles Eliot Norton was an American scholar and man of letters, an idealist and reformer by temperament, who exhibited......
Natalie Nougayrède is a French journalist who served as executive editor and managing editor of the flagship French......
nouvelle artificial intelligence, an approach to artificial intelligence (AI) pioneered at the Massachusetts Institute......
Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov was a Russian writer, philanthropist, and Freemason whose activities were intended to......
number, any of the positive or negative integers or any of the set of all real or complex numbers, the latter containing......
number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses......
Numerals are the symbols used to represent small numbers, and numeral systems are collections of these symbols......
Harry Nyquist was an American physicist and electrical and communications engineer, a prolific inventor who made......
object-oriented programming, use of predefined programming modular units (objects, classes, subclasses, and so......
Adolph Simon Ochs was an American newspaper publisher under whose ownership (from 1896) The New York Times became......
offset printing, in commercial printing, widely used printing technique in which the inked image on a printing......
John Ogilby was a British printer who was a pioneer in the making of road atlases; as a poet and translator he......
Okumura Masanobu was a painter and publisher of illustrated books who introduced innovations in woodblock printing......
Tillie Olsen was an American writer and social activist known for her powerful fiction about the inner lives of......
open source, social movement, begun by computer programmers, that rejects secrecy and centralized control of creative......
operating system (OS), program that manages a computer’s resources, especially the allocation of those resources......
optical densitometer, device that measures the quantity of light that passes through a material or is reflected......
optical sound recording, use of an optical system for registering sound on photographic film; it is a technique......
optical storage, electronic storage medium that uses low-power laser beams to record and retrieve digital (binary)......
Oracle is global corporation that develops and markets software applications for business. The company is best......
Orange SA (formerly France Télécom) is a Paris-based telecommunications company that held a monopoly in France’s......
Abraham Ortelius was a Flemish cartographer and dealer in maps, books, and antiquities, who published the first......
oscillator, any of various electronic devices that produce alternating electric current, commonly employing tuned......
Harrison Gray Otis was an American newspaper publisher who directed the Los Angeles Times from 1886 until after......
Anna Sartorius Uhl Ottendorfer was a publisher and philanthropist who helped establish a major German-American......
William Oughtred was an English mathematician and Anglican minister who invented the earliest form of the slide......
Yambo Ouologuem was a Malian writer who was highly acclaimed for his first novel, Le Devoir de violence (1968;......
Conor Cruise O’Brien was an Irish diplomat, politician, educator, and journalist who was one of Ireland’s most......
P2P, type of computer network often used for the distribution of digital media files. In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network,......
packet-switched network, digital network that transfers data files by breaking them up into smaller units (“packets”)......
Clarence Page is an American newspaper columnist and television commentator specializing in urban affairs. While......
Larry Page is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur who, with Sergey Brin, created the online search......
Walter Hines Page was a journalist, book publisher, author, and diplomat who, as U.S. ambassador to Great Britain......
William S. Paley was an American broadcaster who personified the power and influence of Columbia Broadcasting System......
Pali Text Society, organization founded with the intention of editing and publishing the texts of the Theravāda......
palimpsest, manuscript in roll or codex form carrying a text erased, or partly erased, underneath an apparent additional......
Palm OS, a proprietary operating system used in the late 20th and early 21st centuries for personal computing devices,......
pamphlet, brief booklet; in the UNESCO definition, it is an unbound publication that is not a periodical and contains......
paparazzi, freelance photographers who specialize in capturing candid photos of celebrities for media outlets.......
Sean Parker is an American entrepreneur who cofounded the file-sharing service Napster in 1999 and was the first......
Frank Kobina Parkes was a Ghanaian journalist, broadcaster, and poet whose style and great confidence in the future......
Pascal, a computer programming language developed about 1970 by Niklaus Wirth of Switzerland to teach structured......
Banjo Paterson was an Australian poet and journalist noted for his composition of the internationally famous song......
Alicia Patterson was an American journalist who was cofounder and longtime publisher and editor of the Pulitzer......
Eleanor Medill Patterson was the flamboyant editor and publisher of the Washington Times-Herald. Elinor Patterson......
Joseph Medill Patterson was an American journalist, coeditor and publisher—with his cousin Robert Rutherford McCormick—of......
PayPal is an American e-commerce company formed in March 2000 that specializes in making money transfers over the......
PDA, an electronic handheld organizer used in the 1990s and 2000s to store contact information, manage calendars,......
PDF, universally readable format for electronic documents. PDF files (generally called PDFs) are widely used because......
Peabody Award, any of the awards administered annually by the University of Georgia’s Grady College of Journalism......
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody was an American educator and participant in the Transcendentalist movement, who opened......
peer review, process whereby experts in a given field help judge the value of a relevant work or ideas that they......
Pegasus (spyware), spyware developed by Israeli cyber-intelligence firm NSO Group (founded in 2010) for eavesdropping......
pen, tool for writing or drawing with a coloured fluid such as ink. The earliest ancestor of the pen probably was......
pencil, a common tool used for writing, drawing, or marking that is usually made up of a slender rod of graphite......
Penguin Random House, publishing house formed by the merger of Penguin and Random House in 2013. It is one of the......
Penny Post, private postal service created by the London merchant William Dockwra in 1680. All letters and packets......
pentagram, a five-pointed star, usually drawn by using one continuous line of five straight segments. It has been......
Pentium, family of microprocessors developed by Intel Corp. Introduced in 1993 as the successor to Intel’s 80486......
perceptrons, a type of artificial neural network investigated by Frank Rosenblatt, beginning in 1957, at the Cornell......
peripheral device, any of various devices (including sensors) used to enter information and instructions into a......
Maxwell Perkins was an influential American editor who discovered many of the most prominent American writers of......
Perl, a cross-platform open-source computer programming language used widely in the commercial and private computing......
Perplexity AI is a conversational search engine that uses large language models (LLMs) to provide direct answers......
personal computer (PC), a digital computer designed for use by only one person at a time. A typical personal computer......
Ottaviano dei Petrucci was an Italian music printer whose collection of chansons, Harmonice Musices Odhecaton A......
Sándor Petőfi was one of the greatest Hungarian poets and a revolutionary who symbolized the Hungarian desire for......
phishing, act of sending e-mail that purports to be from a reputable source, such as the recipient’s bank or credit......
phonocardiography, diagnostic technique that creates a graphic record, or phonocardiogram, of the sounds and murmurs......
Phonofilm, system used in the 1920s to provide sound synchronized with motion pictures. A sound track was photographically......
phonograph, instrument for reproducing sounds by means of the vibration of a stylus, or needle, following a groove......
photoengraving, any of several processes for producing printing plates by photographic means. In general, a plate......
history of photography, method of recording the image of an object through the action of light, or related radiation,......
- Introduction
- Daguerreotype, Camera Obscura, Light Sensitivity
- Early Evolution, Daguerreotype, Film
- Stereoscopic, Daguerreotype, Calotype
- Early Color, Daguerreotypes, Calotypes
- Documentary, Art, Technology
- Artistic Expression, Camera Technology, Darkroom Techniques
- Developments, Art, Science
- Experimental, Artistic, Documentary
- Photojournalism, Documentary, Visual Storytelling
- Digital Revolution, Artistic Expression, Documentary Evidence
- Digital Age, Camera Technology, Artistic Expression
technology of photography, equipment, techniques, and processes used in the production of photographs. The most......
- Introduction
- 35mm Miniature Camera
- Focal Plane Shutter, Exposure Time, Light Sensitivity
- Viewfinders, Cameras, Lenses
- Flashbulbs, Cameras, Lighting
- Optics, Exposure, Film
- Black & White Films
- Filters, Exposure, Lighting
- Roll Film, Camera Types, Exposure
- Exposure Technique
- Black & White Processing, Printing, Developing
- Color, Film, Digital
- Colour Film Structure
- Colour Film Processing
- Instant, Film, Digital
- Special Photosensitive Systems
- Special Techniques, Applied Photography
- Close Range, Large Scale, Digital
- Ultraviolet, Film, Digital
- Photography Industry, Digital Imaging, Film
photomicrography, photography of objects under a microscope. Such opaque objects as metal and stone may be ground......
PHP, general-purpose programming language commonly used for web development. The language was created in 1994 and......
Sundar Pichai is an Indian-born American executive who was CEO of both Google, Inc. (2015– ), and its holding company,......
George Washington Pierce was an American inventor who was a pioneer in radiotelephony and a noted teacher of communication......
John Robinson Pierce was an American communications engineer, scientist, and father of the communications satellite.......
pinacotheca, a picture gallery in either ancient Greece or ancient Rome. The original pinacotheca, which housed......
John Pine was an English engraver who published a number of notable illustrated books. It is not known where Pine......
Pinterest is a social media platform on which users can “pin” photos and videos to virtual inspiration boards.......