Sir Jadunath Sarkar (born Dec. 10, 1870, Karachmāria,Bengal [now in Bangladesh]—died May 15, 1958,Calcutta, India) was the foremost Indian historian of theMughal dynasty (1526–1857).

Educated inEnglish literature at Presidency College, Calcutta, Sarkar at first taught English and later shifted tohistory during histenure (1902–17) at Patna College. Sarkar chose Aurangzeb, the last major Mughal emperor, as the object of his life’s work. His first book,India of Aurangzib, was published in 1901. His five-volumeHistory of Aurangzib took 25 years to complete and was published in 1924. Sarkar devoted another 25 years to his four-volumeFall of the Mughal Empire, completed in 1950. Two of Sarkar’s single-volume works areChaitanya: His Pilgrimages and Teachings (1913) andShivaji and His Times (1919). All his works demonstrate his vast knowledge of Persian-language sources and are skillfully written in English. Sarkar served as vice chancellor of theUniversity of Calcutta (1926–28) and on the Bengal legislative council (1929–32). He was knighted in 1929.