…naming Duke Christian August (laterCharles August) heir apparent, and, on his early death in 1810, one of Napoleon’s marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, whom Charles adopted as his son. From then until his death, Charles was eclipsed by the crown prince, even in his symbolic role.

…chief of the Norwegian army, Christian August (at the moment waging war against Sweden), was elected crown prince and took the nameCharles August. Behind this decision were thoughts of a Scandinavian confederation. This solution was cherished by Denmark and even by Napoleon.