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Statistical Analysis of Comet Disconnection Events Using STEREO HI and a Data-assimilative Solar Wind Model
31 March, 2025 byMatthew Lang
Comets tails can reveal information about the local solar wind conditions. They can exhibit various signatures of interactions with the solar wind including bending, developing kinks, and sometimes undergoing tail…The Arctic Beaufort Gyre in CMIP6 Models: Present and Future
31 March, 2025 byRyan Williams
The Beaufort Gyre (BG) is an important feature of the Arctic Ocean. By accumulating or releasing freshwater, it influences ocean properties both within the Arctic and as far as the…Read more on The Arctic Beaufort Gyre in CMIP6 Models: Present and Future
Long-term Variability and Tendencies of the Semidiurnal Tide in Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from Meteor Radar Observations Over Esrange (67.9°N, 21.1°E)
28 March, 2025 byRamesh Karanam,Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Long-term variability and tendencies in monthly mean semidiurnal tide (12-hr) in zonal (U12) and meridional (V12) winds are investigated in northern polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT; ∼80–100 km) using…Path-Planning on a Spherical Surface with Disturbances and Exclusion Zones
28 March, 2025 byAyat Fekry,George Coombs,Harrison Abbot,Jonathan Smith,Maria Fox,Michael Thorne,Samuel Hall
An algorithm is presented for path-planning in a non-uniform spheroid mesh containing exclusion zones, vector and scalar fields. The mesh models physical environments such as ocean regions, together with a…Read more on Path-Planning on a Spherical Surface with Disturbances and Exclusion Zones
Living with uncertainty: Using multi-model large ensembles to assess emperor penguin extinction risk for the IUCN Red List
25 March, 2025 byPhilip Trathan
Improved methods for identifying species at risk are needed to strengthen climate change vulnerability assessments, as current estimates indicate that up to one million species face extinction due to environmental…Dietary adaptations along the northern limit of distribution: what does the smooth snake Coronella austriaca eat in Norway? Metabarcoding of stomach content and visual analysis of faeces
24 March, 2025 byAlison Cleary
Understanding how species survive at their poleward limits of distribution is of interest in species conservation, particularly in light of global warming and predictions of shifting distributions of both predators…An alternative representation of Synthetic Aperture Radar images as an aid to the interpretation of englacial observations [preprint]
21 March, 2025 byAlex Brisbourne,Alvaro Arenas Pingarron,Carlos Martin Garcia,Carl Robinson,Hugh Corr,Tom Jordan,Alvaro Pingarron Arenas
Ground penetrating radar reveals subsurface geometry and ice stratigraphy that contains information about past and present dynamics of the cryosphere. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a processing technique based on…Developing a Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem Model Ensemble to Assess Climate Risks and Uncertainties
20 March, 2025 byEugene Murphy,Patrick Keith,Simeon Hill
Climate change could irreversibly modify Southern Ocean ecosystems. Marine ecosystem model (MEM) ensembles can assist policy making by projecting future changes and allowing the evaluation and assessment of alternative management…Subglacial landscape formation and sediment discharge: relating basal conditions to bedform dimensions and properties at Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
20 March, 2025 byAlex Brisbourne,Rebecca Schlegel
Basal conditions that facilitate fast ice flow are still poorly understood and their parameterization in ice‐flow models results in high uncertainties in ice‐flow and consequent sea‐level rise projections. Direct observations…Recent benthic foraminifera communities offshore of Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica: implications for interpretations of fossil assemblages
20 March, 2025 byClaus-Dieter Hillenbrand,James Smith,James Kirkham,Kelly Hogan,Robert Larter,Svetlana Radionovskaya
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are useful tools for paleoenvironmental studies but rely on the calibration of live populations to modern environmental conditions to allow interpretation of this proxy downcore. In regions…Flexible or fortified? How lichens balance defence strategies across climatic harshness gradients
19 March, 2025 byPeter Convey
Lichens play important roles in habitat formation and community succession in polar and alpine ecosystems. Despite their significance, the ecological effects of lichen traits remain poorly researched. We propose a…Ray tracing of very low frequency waves produced by active experiments or lightning events at low Earth orbit
18 March, 2025 byRichard Horne
We investigate the propagation in the plasmasphere of Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves, such as natural lightning-generated whistler waves and waves produced by active experiments. An active experiment is…Surface darkening by abundant and diverse algae on an Antarctic ice cap
18 March, 2025 byHannah Moulton,Lloyd Peck,Peter Convey,Peter Fretwell
Algal blooms play important roles in physical and biological processes on glacial surfaces. Despite this, their occurrence and impacts within an Antarctic context remain understudied. Here, we present evidence of…Read more on Surface darkening by abundant and diverse algae on an Antarctic ice cap
Climate’s firm grip on glacier ablation in the Cordillera Darwin Icefield, Tierra del Fuego
18 March, 2025 byDieter Tetzner
The Cordillera Darwin Icefield (CDI) in Tierra del Fuego is one of the largest temperate ice bodies in the Southern Hemisphere. We simulate the climatic energy and mass balance of…What can lithics tell us about hominin technology’s ‘primordial soup’? An origin of stone knapping via the emulation of Mother Nature
15 March, 2025 byTeal Riley
The use of stone hammers to produce sharp stone flakes—knapping—is thought to represent a significant stage in hominin technological evolution because it facilitated the exploitation of novel resources, including meat…DNA metabarcoding of non-fungal eukaryotic diversity in air and snow of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
14 March, 2025 byPeter Convey
A major natural route of dispersal to Antarctica is often assumed to be atmospheric transport, although few studies have documented this in detail. Aerial dispersal to Antarctica is very challenging…Mesopelagic particle layers in the dynamic hypoxic northern Benguela are shaped by zooplankton activity
14 March, 2025 bySophie Fielding
Hypoxic (O2< 60 μmol kg−1) waters are found below 27% of the ocean surface and are predicted to expand in the near future; however, the organic carbon cycle in…
Use of excess meltwater from continuous flow analysis systems for the analysis of low concentration insoluble microparticles in ice cores
13 March, 2025 byClaire Allen,Dieter Tetzner,Jack Humby,Liz Thomas
Low-concentration insoluble microparticles that are preserved in ice cores offer valuable information for reconstructing past environmental changes. However, their low concentrations and limited sample availability present challenges for extraction and…Quantitative sub-ice and marine tracing of Antarctic sediment provenance (TASP v1.0)
12 March, 2025
Ice sheet models should be able to accurately simulate palaeo ice sheets to have confidence in their projections of future polar ice sheet mass loss and resulting global sea level…Read more on Quantitative sub-ice and marine tracing of Antarctic sediment provenance (TASP v1.0)
Evaluating the acclimation capacity of two keystone Antarctic echinoderms to coastal freshening
10 March, 2025 byLloyd Peck,Nicholas Barrett
Coastal freshening in the Southern Ocean is expected to increase under projected climate scenarios. As a major environmental stressor, prolonged reduced salinity could pose a significant challenge to Antarctica's endemic…Bedmap3 updated ice bed, surface and thickness gridded datasets for Antarctica
10 March, 2025 byAlice Fremand,Andy Smith,David Vaughan,Ed King,Elena Field,Fausto Ferraccioli,Hugh Corr,Hamish Pritchard,James Kirkham,Peter Fretwell,Richard Hindmarsh,Tom Jordan,Richard Hindmarsh
We present Bedmap3, the latest suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 °S. Bedmap3 incorporates and…Read more on Bedmap3 updated ice bed, surface and thickness gridded datasets for Antarctica
Carbon dioxide fluxes associated with prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in ice-free areas on King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
10 March, 2025 byPeter Convey
Background and Methods: We assessed the prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity present in non-vegetated and vegetated soils on King George Island, Maritime Antarctic, in combination with measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes.…Blue Carbon in an eastern boundary Upwelling Zone – A case study in Namibia
10 March, 2025 byDavid Barnes
Blue Carbon (BC) refers to Nature-Based Solutions in marine environments that aim to reduce greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration using natural processes. Much of the BC focus to date has…Read more on Blue Carbon in an eastern boundary Upwelling Zone – A case study in Namibia
Evidence of eastern rockhopper penguin feeding on a key commercial arrow squid species
7 March, 2025
Cephalopods are crucial to the Southern Ocean ecosystem, connecting top predators with mid-trophic organisms, yet their ecology in the Pacific sector is not well understood. This research used stable isotope…Read more on Evidence of eastern rockhopper penguin feeding on a key commercial arrow squid species
First report of vivipary in Deschampsia antarctica : a new insight into Antarctic plant reproductive strategies
6 March, 2025 byPeter Convey
In the extreme conditions of Antarctica two native vascular plants are present, Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae) and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), distributed along the western Antarctic Peninsula and the…The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat
6 March, 2025 byPaul Holland,Pierre Dutrieux
The retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is conventionally attributed to increased ocean melting of ice shelves, potentially enhanced by internal instability from grounding lines near retrograde bed slopes. Ocean…Dramatic ENSO related Southwestern Atlantic ecosystem shifts
6 March, 2025 byAshley Bennison,David Barnes,Emma Young,Martin Collins,Simon Morley,Stephanie Martin
ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events are becoming more frequent and more intense as climate change continues. Although ENSO effects are known to propagate into the southwest Atlantic, knowledge of…Read more on Dramatic ENSO related Southwestern Atlantic ecosystem shifts
High-Resolution Sensors Reveal Nitrate and Dissolved Silica Dynamics in an Arctic Fjord
4 March, 2025 byKate Hendry
Subglacial weathering releases biologically important nutrients into meltwaters that have the potential to influence downstream ecosystems. There is a need to understand how accelerated glacial retreat could impact biogeochemical cycling…Read more on High-Resolution Sensors Reveal Nitrate and Dissolved Silica Dynamics in an Arctic Fjord
Inferring Species Interactions From Co-occurrence Networks With Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Data in a Coastal Marine Food Web
4 March, 2025 byElizabeth Boyse
A good understanding of biotic interactions is necessary to accurately predict the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. Recently, co-occurrence networks built from environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data have arisen…Temperature-induced changes in the relevance of viral lysis and microzooplankton grazing of Antarctic phytoplankton indicates future alterations in seasonal carbon flow
4 March, 2025 byMichael Meredith
Phytoplankton play a pivotal role as the primary producers in polar marine ecosystems. Despite evidence suggesting that production rates and loss factors vary from year to year, and thus drive…Energetic Electron Precipitation From the Radiation Belts: Geomagnetic and Solar Wind Proxies for Precipitation Flux Magnitudes
3 March, 2025 byAaron Hendry,Mark Clilverd
Previously the geomagnetic Ap index has been used as a proxy to produce empirical energetic electron precipitation (EEP) forcing representations suitable for incorporation into coupled-climate model runs. The long-running Ap…Exploring the dynamics of Lotka–Volterra systems: Efficiency, extinction order, and predictive machine learning
3 March, 2025 byMichael Thorne
For years, a main focus of ecological research has been to better understand the complex dynamical interactions between species which comprise food webs. Using the connectance properties of a widely…Cretaceous stratigraphy of Antarctica and its global significance
1 March, 2025 byAlistair Crame,Jane Francis
The Cretaceous period is particularly well represented by a thick sequence of clastic sedimentary rocks exposed in the Antarctic Peninsula region of western Antarctica. This was an active margin throughout…Read more on Cretaceous stratigraphy of Antarctica and its global significance
A circumpolar review of the breeding distribution and habitat use of the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), the world’s most southerly breeding vertebrate
1 March, 2025 byDominic Hodgson,Peter Fretwell,Richard Phillips
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of many polar seabird species is incomplete due to the remoteness of their breeding locations. Here, we compiled a new database of published and unpublished…Quantifying microplastics concentration of invertebrates from three Antarctic fjords
1 March, 2025 byDavid Barnes
Microplastics, small pieces of plastic measuring less than five millimeters, have spread to all ecosystems, even those in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. In particular, microplastics have been found contaminating…Read more on Quantifying microplastics concentration of invertebrates from three Antarctic fjords
Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warming and Elevated Stratopause Events on the Very Low Frequency Radio Signal
1 March, 2025 byMark Clilverd
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) and Elevated Stratopause (ES) events are mid-to-high latitudinal, atmospheric wave-driven phenomena leading to significant changes in wind, temperatures, and vertical mass transport, especially at stratospheric and…The lifetimes and potential change in planetary albedo owing to the oxidation of thin surfactant organic films extracted from atmospheric aerosol by hydroxyl (OH) radicals at the air–water interface of particles
28 February, 2025 byNeil Brough
Water-insoluble organic material extracted from atmospheric aerosol samples collected in urban (Royal Holloway, University of London, UK) and remote (Halley Research Station, Antarctica) locations were shown to form stable thin…Simulation of Cloud Processes Over Offshore Coastal Antarctica Using the High-Resolution Regional UK Met Office Unified Model With Interactive Aerosols
28 February, 2025 byAndrew Orr,Ruth Price
The Southern Ocean and offshore coastal Antarctica are key regions for global climate. Low level mixed-phase clouds strongly control the surface radiation budget of this region but remain challenging for…The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
28 February, 2025 byIngrid Cnossen
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions significantly impact the middle and upper atmosphere. They cause cooling and thermal shrinking and affect the atmospheric structure. Atmospheric contraction results in changes in key atmospheric…Read more on The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
Poleward displacement of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in response to Early Holocene warming
28 February, 2025 byBianca Perren,Dominic Hodgson
Recent intensification of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies has resulted in important changes to ocean circulation, Antarctic ice shelf stability and precipitation regimes in the continents abutting the Southern Ocean. Efforts…Migration and space use by porbeagle sharks Lamna nasus in the northeast Atlantic
27 February, 2025 byNorman Ratcliffe,Ryan Saunders
The porbeagle shark Lamna nasus, a top predator in the North Atlantic, is vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors due to its life history characteristics. Understanding its biology, abundance and spatial ecology…Read more on Migration and space use by porbeagle sharks Lamna nasus in the northeast Atlantic
Impact of topographic change on the East Asian monsoon in Japan and Eastern Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum
26 February, 2025 byXu Zhang
The rainfall patterns in Eastern Asia are largely a consequence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons. On timescales 10 4 –10 6 of years, the position and strength of…Microplastics in Antarctica – a Plastic Legacy in the Antarctic Snow?
25 February, 2025 byClara Manno,Claire Waluda,Emily Rowlands,Kirstie Jones-Williams
Microplastic pollution in remote inland Antarctica is largely unknown. This study explored the plastic footprint of snow from remote Antarctic camps: Union Glacier, Schanz Glacier and the South Pole. Refined…Read more on Microplastics in Antarctica – a Plastic Legacy in the Antarctic Snow?
Implementation of Water Tracers in the Met Office Unified Model [EGUsphere preprint]
25 February, 2025 byAlison McLaren,Louise Sime,Qinggang Gao
There is an increasing need to understand how water is cycled and transported within the atmosphere to aid water management. Here, atmospheric water tracers are added to the Met Office…Read more on Implementation of Water Tracers in the Met Office Unified Model [EGUsphere preprint]
Mid-Holocene sea-ice dynamics and climate in the northeastern Weddell Sea inferred from an Antarctic snow petrel stomach oil deposit [EGUSphere preprint]
25 February, 2025 byDominic Hodgson
Understanding past variability in Antarctic sea ice is of critical importance to determine how it regulates global climate processes and biogeochemistry, and Southern Ocean marine ecosystems. Records of changes in…Observationally constrained estimates of the annual Arctic sea-ice volume budget 2010–2022
25 February, 2025 byPaul Holland
Sea-ice floating in the Arctic ocean is a constantly moving, growing and melting layer. The seasonal cycle of sea-ice volume has an average amplitude of or 9 trillion tonnes of…The role of substrate characteristics and temperature for potential non-native plant establishment in Maritime Antarctic ecosystems
24 February, 2025 byPeter Convey
Polar ecosystems are threatened by non-native plants, and this risk will increase with climate warming. Non-native plant growth depends on Antarctic environmental conditions and substrates, but these influences are poorly…Basal reflectance and melt rates across the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, from grounding line to ice shelf front
21 February, 2025 byOliver Marsh
We present a 1000 km transect of phase-sensitive radar measurements of ice thickness, basal reflection strength, basal melting, and ice-column deformation across the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS). Measurements were gathered…Climate-driven shifts in Southern Ocean primary producers and biogeochemistry in CMIP6 models
20 February, 2025 byMichael Meredith
As a net source of nutrients fuelling global primary production, changes in Southern Ocean productivity are expected to influence biological carbon storage across the global ocean. Following a high-emission, low-mitigation…The genome sequence of the Antarctic lanternfish, Electrona antarctica (Günther, 1878) [Data Note] [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
19 February, 2025 byMartin Collins
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Electrona antarctica (the Antarctic lanternfish; Chordata; Actinopterigii; Myctophiformes; Myctophidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,427.40 megabases. Most of…Observations of high-time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphysics in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties
19 February, 2025 byMarkus Frey
Aerosols play a critical role in the Arctic's radiative balance, influencing solar radiation and cloud formation. Limited observations in the central Arctic leave gaps in understanding aerosol dynamics year-round, affecting…Global Marine Flyways Identified for Long‐Distance Migrating Seabirds From Tracking Data
16 February, 2025 byRichard Phillips
Aim: To identify the broad‐scale oceanic migration routes (‘marine flyways’) used by multiple pelagic, long‐distance migratory seabirds based on a global compilation of tracking data. Location: Global. Time Period: 1989–2023.…Glacial geology of the Hudson Mountains, Amundsen Sea sector, West Antarctica
15 February, 2025 byDominic Hodgson,James Smith,Joanne Johnson,Teal Riley
The Hudson Mountains are situated in the eastern Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, adjacent to Pine Island Glacier. They form a volcanic field of 17 stratovolcanoes…Read more on Glacial geology of the Hudson Mountains, Amundsen Sea sector, West Antarctica
Generating electron density archives using mainland EISCAT databetween 2001-2021 at 10 minute and 1 hour integration
12 February, 2025 byAndrew Kavanagh,Jade Reidy,Jade Reidy
The mesosphere/lower-thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region is a critical boundary in the coupling of the atmosphere, climate and space weather, however it is one of the least understood regions, making it hard…Obligate diapause and its termination shape the life-cycle seasonality of an Antarctic insect
12 February, 2025 byPeter Convey
The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, is a unique insect endemic to Antarctica. It has a 2-year life cycle, with larvae overwintering in two different instars and adults emerging the following…Uncovering the Potential of Utilising Terrestrial Biogenic Markers in Ice Cores as Proxies to Past Environmental Conditions
11 February, 2025
Ice cores provide an un-matched high-resolution archive into paleoclimate reconstruction that other environmental archives (e.g. coral, sediment cores, and tree rings) do not. Limited research has focussed on terrestrial organic…Extreme precipitation associated with atmospheric rivers over West Antarctic ice shelves: insights from kilometre-scale regional climate modelling
11 February, 2025 byAndrew Orr,Ella Gilbert
We explore how atmospheric rivers (ARs) in a summer and winter case interact with the topography of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, and deposit significant precipitation amounts. To do…An examination of changes in autumn Eurasian snow cover and its relationship with the winter Arctic Oscillation using 20th Century Reanalysis version 3
11 February, 2025 byGareth Marshall
Utilising the 20th Century Reanalysis version 3 (20CRv3), we examine changes in the extent and rate of autumn Eurasian snow cover (SC) advance and the temporal variability in the SC–Arctic…Recent increase in surface melting of West Antarctic ice shelves linked to Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
10 February, 2025 byAndrew Orr
Since the late 1990s, summer surface melt across ice shelves in the Ross-Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica increased significantly, as demonstrated by satellite measurements and MetUM simulations. This contrasts…Spatial and temporal variation of Antarctic microbial interactions: a study around the west Antarctic peninsula
8 February, 2025 byMichael Meredith
Background: The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a region of rapid environmental changes, with regional differences in climate warming along the north–south axis of the peninsula. Along the WAP, Palmer…Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 last interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses
7 February, 2025 byLouise Sime,Qinggang Gao,Rahul Sivankutty,Xu Zhang
Given relatively abundant paleo-proxies, the study of the last interglacial (LIG, ∼ 129–116 000 years ago, ka) is valuable to understanding the responses and feedback of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in…Mélange dehydration and melting beneath South Sandwich Islands arc
7 February, 2025 byPhilip Leat
Mechanisms regulating material transfer from subducted slabs to arc magmas remain debated, centered on metasomatized mantle wedge interactions versus mélange mobilization at the slab-mantle interface. The South Sandiwch Islands arc…Read more on Mélange dehydration and melting beneath South Sandwich Islands arc
Drivers of Southern Ocean food web structure andimpacts of environmental change
6 February, 2025 byPatrick Keith
The Southern Ocean is experiencing major environmental and ecological changes which could drastically alter communities and impact ecosystem functioning. We still have a poor understanding of the structure of Southern…Read more on Drivers of Southern Ocean food web structure andimpacts of environmental change
Advances and shortfalls in knowledge of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity
6 February, 2025 byHuw Griffiths,Kevin Hughes,Lloyd Peck,Peter Convey
Antarctica harbors many distinctive features of life, yet much about the diversity and functioning of Antarctica’s life remains unknown. Evolutionary histories and functional ecology are well understood only for vertebrates,…Development and application of a Py-GC/MS method for the quantification of microplastic contamination in terrestrial environments
5 February, 2025 byRebecca Peel
This thesis details the development and application of a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) method for the quantification of microplastic pollution in terrestrial samples. Initial analysis of plastic standards using Py-GC/MS…Marine snow as vectors for microplastic transport: Multiple aggregation cycles account for the settling of buoyant microplastics to deep‐sea sediments
5 February, 2025
Many studies have reported the paradoxical observation of high concentrations of low‐density microplastics (plastic particles< 5 mm) in deep‐sea sediments despite their buoyancy. The incorporation of buoyant microplastics into…Key drivers of large scale changes in North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their predictability
5 February, 2025 byHua Lu
Significant changes have occurred during the last few decades across the North Atlantic climate system, including in the atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere. These large-scale changes play a vital role in…Ancient environmental microbiomes and the cryosphere
4 February, 2025 byDavid Pearce
In this review, we delineate the unique set of characteristics associated with cryosphere environments (namely, ice and permafrost) which present both challenges and opportunities for studying ancient environmental microbiomes (AEMs).…Read more on Ancient environmental microbiomes and the cryosphere
The potential for AI to revolutionize conservation: a horizon scan
4 February, 2025 byLloyd Peck
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool that could be leveraged to identify the effective conservation solutions demanded by the urgent biodiversity crisis. We present the results of our horizon…Read more on The potential for AI to revolutionize conservation: a horizon scan
Spatial and temporal dependence in distribution‐based evaluation of CMIP6 daily maximum temperatures
4 February, 2025 byEmma Boland
Climate models are increasingly used to derive localised, specific information to guide adaptation to climate change. Model projections of future scenarios are conferred credibility by evaluating model skill in reproducing…Direct observation of Arctic Sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow and modeling over a changing sea ice environment
4 February, 2025 byAnanth Ranjithkumar,Markus Frey,Thomas Lachlan-Cope,Xin Yang
In the polar regions, there is significant model bias in the number concentrations and seasonality of sea salt aerosol (SSA) due to the lack of understanding of aerosol sources associated…Lateral Fluxes Drive Basal Melting Beneath Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
3 February, 2025 byJames Smith,Keith Makinson,Keith Nicholls,Paul Anker,Peter Davis
Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice-ocean systems in Antarctica. Basal melting beneath Thwaites' floating ice shelf, especially around pinning points and at the grounding line, sets the rate…Read more on Lateral Fluxes Drive Basal Melting Beneath Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
In vivo pathogenicity characterization of viable opportunistic fungi Aspergillus thermomutatus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa recovered from maritime Antarctic permafrost
2 February, 2025 byPeter Convey
In this study, we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the fungi Aspergillus thermomutatus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa obtained from maritime Antarctic permafrost using in vivo experiments on immunocompromised BALB/c mice. Despite…Drivers of interspecific spatial segregation in two closely-related seabird species at a Pan-Atlantic scale
1 February, 2025 byAnne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun,Norman Ratcliffe
Aim: Ecologically similar species living in sympatry are expected to segregate to reduce the effects of competition where re-sources are limiting. Segregation from heterospecifics commonly occurs in space, but it…Photophysiology of the first reported bleached crustose coralline alga, Clathromorphum sp. (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta), from Antarctica
1 February, 2025 byPeter Convey
During a 2019 Chilean Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ECA 55) studying crustose coralline algae (CCA) diversity on the Antarctic Peninsula, bleaching of these algae was observed for the first time in…Squid beaks as a proxy for mercury concentrations in muscle of the giant warty squid Moroteuthopsis longimana
1 February, 2025 byPhilip Hollyman,Richard Phillips
Cephalopods play a major role in marine food webs as both predators and prey. Although most of the Hg in cephalopods is present in the muscle, most studies on its…Evaluating the effectiveness of seabird bycatch mitigation measures for pelagic longlines in the South Atlantic
1 February, 2025 byRichard Phillips
Incidental mortality (bycatch) of seabirds in pelagic longline fisheries remains a major threat to many populations. The design and implementation of technical innovations aimed at reducing seabird bycatch rates have…A new dynamic distribution model for Antarctic krill reveals interactions with their environment, predators, and the commercial fishery in the south Scotia Sea region
1 February, 2025 byJennifer Freer,Philip Trathan,Sophie Fielding,Victoria Warwick-Evans
The management strategy for the Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) fishery is being revised. A key aim is to spatially and temporally allocate catches in a manner that minimizes…A polar oceans shipping information system
1 February, 2025 byAndrew Fleming,Alexander Tate,Andreas Cziferszky,Jeremy Wilkinson,Michael Thorne
Globally, ships above a certain tonnage, as well as an increasing number of smaller vessels, rely on the AIS (Automatic Identification System) to safely navigate around other vessels, which are…Annual trends in mercury contamination are associated with changing trophic niches of giant petrels
31 January, 2025 byDanielle Buss,Jaume Forcada,Richard Phillips,William Mills
Annual variation in prey availability can influence seabird diets and hence their exposure to pollutants, including mercury (Hg). Among seabirds, those species that scavenge carrion of marine mammals and other…Scaling up ocean conservation through recognition of key biodiversity areas in the Southern Ocean from multispecies tracking data
29 January, 2025 byPhilip Trathan
Biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecosystem function but is threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures. In the Southern Ocean, a highly biologically productive region containing many endemic species, proactive management is…The Ronne Ice Shelf survived the last interglacial
29 January, 2025 byIsobel Rowell,Jack Humby,Louise Sime,Robert Mulvaney
The fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the largest cause of uncertainty in long-term sea-level projections. In the last interglacial (LIG) around 125,000 years ago, data suggest…Read more on The Ronne Ice Shelf survived the last interglacial
More modest peak temperatures during the Last Interglacial for both Greenland and Antarctica suggested by multi-model isotope simulations [preprint]
29 January, 2025 byIrene Malmierca Vallet,Louise Sime,Rahul Sivankutty,Sentia Goursaud
The Last Interglacial (LIG) period, approximately 130,000 to 115,000 years ago, represents one of the warmest intervals in the past 800,000 years. Here we simulate water isotopes in precipitation in…Stable Boundary Layers in an Arctic Fjord‐Valley System: Evaluation of Temperature Profiles Observed From Fiber‐Optic Distributed Sensing and Comparison to Numerical Weather Prediction Systems at Different Resolutions
28 January, 2025 byMegan Malpas
Stable boundary layers (SBLs) commonly form during the Arctic polar night, but their correct representation poses a major challenge for numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. To enable detailed model verification,…Multiple eco-regions contribute to the seasonal cycle of Antarctic aerosol size distributions
28 January, 2025 byAnna Jones,Floortje Van Den Heuvel,Markus Frey,Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In order to reduce the uncertainty of aerosol radiative forcing in global climate models, we need to better understand natural aerosol sources which are important to constrain the current and…Calculations of extreme sea level rise scenarios are strongly dependent on ice sheet model resolution
28 January, 2025 byRosie Williams,James Byrne,Scott Hosking,Robert Arthern
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is losing ice and its annual contribution to sea level is increasing. The future behaviour of WAIS will impact societies worldwide, yet deep uncertainty…The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database [Data paper]
27 January, 2025 byJasmine Lee,Peter Convey
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of…Read more on The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database [Data paper]
Precession Controls on Climate and Water Isotope Signals in Northern Africa
26 January, 2025 byQinggang Gao
Precessional forcing is a key driver of quaternary climate change. Based on 24 experiments covering a full precession cycle, this study explores spatio-temporal variations of both climate and isotope signals…Read more on Precession Controls on Climate and Water Isotope Signals in Northern Africa
An Update to the Central England Temperature Series— HadCET v2.1
25 January, 2025 byThomas Caton Harrison
=The Central England Temperature (CET) series is one of the longest instrumental climate records in the world. The CET record from 1659 represents a roughly triangular area of England extending…Read more on An Update to the Central England Temperature Series— HadCET v2.1
Assessing the suitability of sites near Pine Island Glacier for subglacial bedrock drilling aimed at detecting Holocene retreat–readvance
24 January, 2025 byJoanne Johnson
Unambiguous identification of past episodes of ice sheet thinning below the modern surface and grounding line retreat inboard of present requires recovery and exposure dating of subglacial bedrock. Such efforts…How the Concept of “Regenerative Good Growth” Could Help Increase Public and Policy Engagement and Speed Transitions to Net Zero and Nature Recovery
22 January, 2025 byLloyd Peck
Just and fair transitions to low-carbon and nature-positive ways of living need to occur fast enough to limit and reverse the climate and nature crises, but not so fast that…Identifying Ocean Submesoscale Activity From Vertical Density Profiles Using Machine Learning
22 January, 2025 byDani Jones
Submesoscale eddies are important features in the upper ocean where they mediate air-sea exchanges, convey heat and tracer fluxes into ocean interior, and enhance biological production. However, due to their…Deep-sea food-web structure at South Sandwich Islands (Southern Ocean): net primary production as a main driver for interannual changes
22 January, 2025 byJose Marques Queiros,Mark Belchier,Philip Hollyman
Food-webs are a major component of ecosystems and determinant for their functioning and structure. The food chain length (FCL) is a key feature of food-webs and it is crucial for…Surveying the deep: A review of computer vision in the benthos
22 January, 2025 byCameron Trotter,Huw Griffiths,Rowan Whittle
The analysis of image data for benthic biodiversity monitoring is now commonplace within the domain of marine ecology. Whilst advances in imaging technologies have allowed for the collection of vast…Read more on Surveying the deep: A review of computer vision in the benthos
A dataset of Antarctic ecosystems in ice-free lands: classification, descriptions, and maps
22 January, 2025 byDominic Hodgson,Kevin Hughes,Peter Convey
Antarctica, Earth’s least understood and most remote continent, is threatened by human disturbances and climate-related changes, underscoring the imperative for biodiversity inventories to inform conservation. Antarctic ecosystems support unique species…A Local Meteoric Water Line for Interior Alaska constrains Paleoclimate From 40,000 year old Relict Permafrost
21 January, 2025 byAlistair Monteath
Anthropogenic climate warming is degrading permafrost across Interior Alaska. Information from past warming events provides long-term perspectives of future trajectories, however, late Quaternary seasonal temperatures are poorly constrained. We established…Filter publications
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